Fig. 1. Clinical view of the surgical procedures. a Tibial bone exposed for autogenous bone harvesting using a bone scraper. b Antrostomies prepared. c Autogenous bone particles placed in the antrostomy. d Xenograft and bone particles (red arrow) at the antrostomies. e Collagen membranes placed on the antrostomies. f Wounds closed with sutures : Influence of the use of autogenous bone particles |palmerah.implantgigi.com

Fig. 1. Clinical view of the surgical procedures. a Tibial bone exposed for autogenous bone harvesting using a bone scraper. b Antrostomies prepared. c Autogenous bone particles placed in the antrostomy. d Xenograft and bone particles (red arrow) at the antrostomies. e Collagen membranes placed on the antrostomies. f Wounds closed with sutures : Influence of the use of autogenous bone particles

Fig. 2. The various regions evaluated at the histomorphometric analyses. Bone walls (red arrow); middle (white arrow); sub-mucosa (yellow arrow); close-to-window (orange arrow). The antrostomy region was also evaluated at the medial and lateral edges (dark green arrows) and in the middle aspect (light green arrow) : Influence of the use of autogenous bone particles

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of decalcified sections illustrating the healing after 1 week. a Treated site. Bone strips occupying the antrostomy and the subjacent area (close-to-window region). b Untreated site. Note the new bone-forming from the sinus bone walls. Scarlet-acid fuchsine and toluidine blue stain. Images grabbed at × 20 magnification : Influence of the use of autogenous bone particles

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of ground sections. a) Treated site. Bone residues (examples in yellow asterisks) included in soft tissue containing fibroblast-like cells and inflammatory cells. b) Untreated site. Xenograft residues (examples in red asterisks) surrounded by soft tissue rich in fibroblast-like cells. Scarlet-acid fuchsine and toluidine blue stain. a) 200 x magnification.; b) 100 x magnification : Influence of the use of autogenous bone particles

Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of decalcified sections illustrating the healing after 8 weeks. Both at the treated (a) and untreated (b) sites, the antrostomy was closed in most cases, presenting residual defects of various dimensions in the outer side. New bone was connecting the lateral and medial sinus walls. The middle and sub-mucosa regions were not healed completely yet. Scarlet-acid fuchsine and toluidine blue stain. Images grabbed at × 20 magnification : Influence of the use of autogenous bone particles

Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of decalcified sections illustrating the healing after 8 weeks. a Treated site. Most of the antrostomies presented remaining defects in the outer contour. b, c Untreated sites. Two antrostomies of the treated sites and four of the untreated sites appeared not closed with corticalized bone and presented connective tissue interposed between the edges of the antrostomy. Scarlet-acid fuchsine and toluidine blue stain. a Image grabbed at × 20 magnification. b, c Images grabbed at × 40 magnification : Influence of the use of autogenous bone particles

Fig. 7. Box-plot representing the new bone percentage and standard deviations (whiskers) found in the various regions evaluated after 8 weeks of healing. (*), a statistical significant difference : Influence of the use of autogenous bone particles

Fig. 8. Photomicrographs of decalcified sections. a Untreated site. Woven bone formed from the sinus walls after 1 week of healing. b Treated site. After 8 weeks, woven bone was still found forming ridges towards residues of provisional matrix, showing that the healing was not completed yet. Scarlet-acid fuchsine and toluidine blue stain. a × 100 magnification. b × 20 magnification : Influence of the use of autogenous bone particles

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