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Fig. 9. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribu...

Fig. 9. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of angle deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 9. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of angle deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 8. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distrib...

Fig. 8. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum angle deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 8. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum angle deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 7. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribu...

Fig. 7. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 7. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 6. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distrib...

Fig. 6. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum horizontal apex deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 6. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum horizontal apex deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 5. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribu...

Fig. 5. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 5. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 4. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distrib...

Fig. 4. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 4. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 3. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distrib...

Fig. 3. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of vertical deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 3. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of vertical deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 2. a Schematic diagram illustrating the measu...

Fig. 2. a Schematic diagram illustrating the measurement of vertical, horizontal neck, horizontal apex, and angle deviations. b Three forms of horizontal deviation were measured: maximum, mesiodistal, and buccolingual directions Fig. 2. a Schematic diagram illustrating the measurement of vertical, horizontal neck, horizontal apex, and angle deviations. b Three forms of horizontal deviation we...

Fig. 1. Flowchart summarizing the different phases...

Fig. 1. Flowchart summarizing the different phases of the experiment Fig. 1. Flowchart summarizing the different phases of the experiment

Table 1 Summary of implant vertical, horizontal an...

 Vertical implant deviation  Anterior implantPosterior implantp values between anterior and posterior implants FGPGFHFGPGFHMean (mm)0.210.530.300.340.640.49FG = 0.07SD (mm)0.120.520.240.230.370.22PG = 0.27Maximum (mm)0.391.650.810.801.130.80FH = 0.05Minimum (mm)0.090.050.070.040.200.07p valuesAll groups = 0.12All groups = 0.08  Maximum horizontal implant neck deviation Â...

About this article : Accuracy of static computer-a...

Abduo, J., Lau, D. Accuracy of static computer-assisted implant placement in anterior and posterior sites by clinicians new to implant dentistry: in vitro comparison of fully guided, pilot-guided, and freehand protocols. Int J Implant Dent 6, 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-0205-3 Download citation Received: 31 October 2019 Accepted: 21 January 2020 Published: 11 March 2020 DOI:...

Rights and permissions : Accuracy of static comput...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Accuracy of static comput...

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ethics declarations : Accuracy of static computer-...

This study was approved by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (1851406.1). The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were aware of the nature of the study and provided their consent prior to the commencement of the study. Not applicable Jaafar Abduo, and Douglas Lau declare that they have no competing interests.

Author information : Accuracy of static computer-a...

Associate Professor in Prosthodontics, Convenor of Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Dentistry (Implants), Melbourne Dental School, Melbourne University, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia Jaafar Abduo Periodontist, Private Practice, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Douglas Lau You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search fo...

Funding : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

The implants, surgical kits, and guide sleeves were provided by Straumann Australia. This study has been funded by the Kernot Early Career Researcher Award. No financial income for conducting the study was received by the authors.

Acknowledgements : Accuracy of static computer-ass...

The authors would also like to thank Mr. Attila Gergely for his technical support in developing the simulated case and the input of the team of Digital Dental Network in designing the guides.

References : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Deeb GR, Allen RK, Hall VP, Whitley D 3rd, Laskin DM, Bencharit S. How accurate are implant surgical guides produced with desktop stereolithographic 3-dimentional printers? J Oral Maxillofac Surgery. 2017;75:2551–9. Horwitz J, Zuabi O, Machtei EE. Accuracy of a computerized tomography-guided template-assisted implant placement system: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20:1156–62...

References : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Rungcharassaeng K, Caruso JM, Kan JY, Schutyser F, Boumans T. Accuracy of computer-guided surgery: a comparison of operator experience. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114:407–13. Park SJ, Leesungbok R, Cui T, Lee SW, Ahn SJ. Reliability of a CAD/CAM surgical guide for implant placement: an in vitro comparison of surgeons' experience levels and implant sites. Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30:367–9. Marheine...

References : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Belser UC, Mericske-Stern R, Bernard JP, Taylor TD. Prosthetic management of the partially dentate patient with fixed implant restorations. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:126–45. Buser D, Martin W, Belser UC. Optimizing esthetics for implant restorations in the anterior maxilla: anatomic and surgical considerations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19:43–61. Ramaglia L, Toti P, Sbordone...

Abbreviations : Accuracy of static computer-assist...

Three-dimensional Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing Cone beam computed tomography Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Fully guided Freehand Pilot-guided Static computer-assisted implant placement Surface tessellation language

Availability of data and materials : Accuracy of s...

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Conclusions : Accuracy of static computer-assisted...

Within the limitations of the present study, it can be hypothesized that apart from vertical deviation, the FG protocol is more accurate than the PG and FH protocols for all the evaluated variables in the hands of inexperienced clinicians. The PG and FH protocols were generally similar. The FG protocol did not seem to be influenced by the position of the placed implants, while the PG and FH protoc...

Discussion : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

For the majority of the evaluated variables, there was a tendency for the posterior implants to suffer from more deviation than anterior implants. This is in accordance with several published reports [5, 21, 22]. Interestingly, implants placed by the FG protocol seemed to be less vulnerable to inaccuracy by changing the implant sites, while the PG and FH protocols showed more horizontal and angle ...

Discussion : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

The superior accuracy and the less variation of the FG protocol is most likely related to the control of all the drilling steps and the implant placement via sequential use of precision sleeves. This eliminated the manual orientation and handling of the drills at any stage of drilling or implant placement. In accordance with these observations, Noharet et al. reported a better accuracy of the FG p...

Discussion : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

The overall outcome of this study indicates the superiority of the FG protocol in comparison to PG and FH protocols for placing single implants. With the exception of vertical deviation, this was obvious for horizontal neck, horizontal apex, and angle deviations that were closer to the planned implant for the FG protocol than the other protocols. In addition, this superiority was shown for anterio...

Results : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

In relation to the maximum angle deviation (Fig. 8), the FG protocol had less deviation than the other protocols for anterior (2.42 ± 0.98°) and posterior (2.61 ± 1.23°) implants. The PG (4.65 ± 1.78°) and FH (4.79 ± 2.08°) protocols were similar for anterior implant placement, while the FH protocol seemed more accurate for posterior implants (4.77 ± 2.09°) than the ...

Results : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

In general, for all the variables, there was a tendency for the FG protocol to yield more accurate implant placement than other protocols (Table 1). In relation to vertical deviation, the PG protocol seemed to be associated with more errors. However, there was no significant difference in vertical deviation among all the protocols. Figure 3 indicates that the PG protocol was associated with deep...

Methods : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

The vertical deviation was measured by calculating the discrepancy along the long axis of the planned implant at the center of the platform (Fig. 2a). In addition to the magnitude of the deviation, the direction of the error was determined. The horizontal deviations were measured at the neck and the apex of the planned implant. The angle deviation was computed by measuring the angle of the long a...

Methods : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

For all the protocols, straight bone level Straumann dummy implants were planned. The anterior implants were 4.1 × 10 mm, while the posterior implants were 4.8 × 10 mm. The anterior implants were planned to be placed 2 mm subcrestal, while the posterior implants were planned to be placed 1 mm subcrestal. For the conventional protocols, the clinicians had access to physical intact Ni...

Methods : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

The soft tissue silicone former was removed from the Nissin model to simulate bone anatomy. Subsequently, this model was duplicated with clear resin material mixed with barium sulfate and scanned by a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) machine to generate cross-sectional DICOM images. The DICOM images were imported to the implant planning software programs. For the FH protocol, the 2D DICOM ima...

Methods : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

A total of 10 qualified clinicians with a minimum of 3 years of general practice experience were invited to participate in the study. The number of participants was similar to previously published studies [12, 19], and was confirmed by sample size calculation. A mean horizontal deviation of 1 mm and an expected standard deviation of 0.75 mm that were reported from earlier studies [13, 19] were ...

Background : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Despite all the advantages of sCAIP protocols, several studies reported that they are still prone to errors and complications [7,8,9, 17, 18]. The FG and PG protocols still require thorough planning and surgical understanding and skills [11]. For multiple implants and long-span edentulous ridges, guided surgery has the advantages of being more reliable, more comfortable for the patient, and more r...

Background : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Implant treatment is a growing field in dentistry, and many clinicians aim to increase their scope of practice by including such treatment. One of the main challenges encountered by clinicians new to implant dentistry is the determination and controlling of implant location. It is the consensus that implant placement must be planned to achieve an acceptable position for an ideal restorative outcom...

Abstract : Accuracy of static computer-assisted im...

One of the challenges encountered by clinicians new to implant dentistry is the determination and controlling of implant location. This study compared the accuracy of fully guided (FG) and pilot-guided (PG) static computer-assisted implant placement (sCAIP) protocols against the conventional freehand (FH) protocol for placing single anterior and posterior implants by recently introduced clinicians...

Fig. 9. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribu...

Fig. 9. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of angle deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 9. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of angle deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 8. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distrib...

Fig. 8. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum angle deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 8. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum angle deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 7. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribu...

Fig. 7. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 7. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 6. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distrib...

Fig. 6. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum horizontal apex deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 6. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum horizontal apex deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 5. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribu...

Fig. 5. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 5. Scatter diagrams illustrating the distribution of horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 4. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distrib...

Fig. 4. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 4. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of maximum horizontal neck deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 3. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distrib...

Fig. 3. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of vertical deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants Fig. 3. Box plot diagrams illustrating the distribution of vertical deviation of each protocol. a Anterior implants. b Posterior implants

Fig. 2. a Schematic diagram illustrating the measu...

Fig. 2. a Schematic diagram illustrating the measurement of vertical, horizontal neck, horizontal apex, and angle deviations. b Three forms of horizontal deviation were measured: maximum, mesiodistal, and buccolingual directions Fig. 2. a Schematic diagram illustrating the measurement of vertical, horizontal neck, horizontal apex, and angle deviations. b Three forms of horizontal deviation we...

Fig. 1. Flowchart summarizing the different phases...

Fig. 1. Flowchart summarizing the different phases of the experiment Fig. 1. Flowchart summarizing the different phases of the experiment

Table 1 Summary of implant vertical, horizontal an...

 Vertical implant deviation  Anterior implantPosterior implantp values between anterior and posterior implants FGPGFHFGPGFHMean (mm)0.210.530.300.340.640.49FG = 0.07SD (mm)0.120.520.240.230.370.22PG = 0.27Maximum (mm)0.391.650.810.801.130.80FH = 0.05Minimum (mm)0.090.050.070.040.200.07p valuesAll groups = 0.12All groups = 0.08  Maximum horizontal implant neck deviation Â...

About this article : Accuracy of static computer-a...

Abduo, J., Lau, D. Accuracy of static computer-assisted implant placement in anterior and posterior sites by clinicians new to implant dentistry: in vitro comparison of fully guided, pilot-guided, and freehand protocols. Int J Implant Dent 6, 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-0205-3 Download citation Received: 31 October 2019 Accepted: 21 January 2020 Published: 11 March 2020 DOI:...

Rights and permissions : Accuracy of static comput...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Accuracy of static comput...

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ethics declarations : Accuracy of static computer-...

This study was approved by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (1851406.1). The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were aware of the nature of the study and provided their consent prior to the commencement of the study. Not applicable Jaafar Abduo, and Douglas Lau declare that they have no competing interests.

Author information : Accuracy of static computer-a...

Associate Professor in Prosthodontics, Convenor of Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Dentistry (Implants), Melbourne Dental School, Melbourne University, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia Jaafar Abduo Periodontist, Private Practice, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Douglas Lau You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search fo...

Funding : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

The implants, surgical kits, and guide sleeves were provided by Straumann Australia. This study has been funded by the Kernot Early Career Researcher Award. No financial income for conducting the study was received by the authors.

Acknowledgements : Accuracy of static computer-ass...

The authors would also like to thank Mr. Attila Gergely for his technical support in developing the simulated case and the input of the team of Digital Dental Network in designing the guides.

References : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Deeb GR, Allen RK, Hall VP, Whitley D 3rd, Laskin DM, Bencharit S. How accurate are implant surgical guides produced with desktop stereolithographic 3-dimentional printers? J Oral Maxillofac Surgery. 2017;75:2551–9. Horwitz J, Zuabi O, Machtei EE. Accuracy of a computerized tomography-guided template-assisted implant placement system: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20:1156–62...

References : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Rungcharassaeng K, Caruso JM, Kan JY, Schutyser F, Boumans T. Accuracy of computer-guided surgery: a comparison of operator experience. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114:407–13. Park SJ, Leesungbok R, Cui T, Lee SW, Ahn SJ. Reliability of a CAD/CAM surgical guide for implant placement: an in vitro comparison of surgeons' experience levels and implant sites. Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30:367–9. Marheine...

References : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Belser UC, Mericske-Stern R, Bernard JP, Taylor TD. Prosthetic management of the partially dentate patient with fixed implant restorations. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:126–45. Buser D, Martin W, Belser UC. Optimizing esthetics for implant restorations in the anterior maxilla: anatomic and surgical considerations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19:43–61. Ramaglia L, Toti P, Sbordone...

Abbreviations : Accuracy of static computer-assist...

Three-dimensional Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing Cone beam computed tomography Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Fully guided Freehand Pilot-guided Static computer-assisted implant placement Surface tessellation language

Availability of data and materials : Accuracy of s...

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Conclusions : Accuracy of static computer-assisted...

Within the limitations of the present study, it can be hypothesized that apart from vertical deviation, the FG protocol is more accurate than the PG and FH protocols for all the evaluated variables in the hands of inexperienced clinicians. The PG and FH protocols were generally similar. The FG protocol did not seem to be influenced by the position of the placed implants, while the PG and FH protoc...

Discussion : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

For the majority of the evaluated variables, there was a tendency for the posterior implants to suffer from more deviation than anterior implants. This is in accordance with several published reports [5, 21, 22]. Interestingly, implants placed by the FG protocol seemed to be less vulnerable to inaccuracy by changing the implant sites, while the PG and FH protocols showed more horizontal and angle ...

Discussion : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

The superior accuracy and the less variation of the FG protocol is most likely related to the control of all the drilling steps and the implant placement via sequential use of precision sleeves. This eliminated the manual orientation and handling of the drills at any stage of drilling or implant placement. In accordance with these observations, Noharet et al. reported a better accuracy of the FG p...

Discussion : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

The overall outcome of this study indicates the superiority of the FG protocol in comparison to PG and FH protocols for placing single implants. With the exception of vertical deviation, this was obvious for horizontal neck, horizontal apex, and angle deviations that were closer to the planned implant for the FG protocol than the other protocols. In addition, this superiority was shown for anterio...

Results : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

In relation to the maximum angle deviation (Fig. 8), the FG protocol had less deviation than the other protocols for anterior (2.42 ± 0.98°) and posterior (2.61 ± 1.23°) implants. The PG (4.65 ± 1.78°) and FH (4.79 ± 2.08°) protocols were similar for anterior implant placement, while the FH protocol seemed more accurate for posterior implants (4.77 ± 2.09°) than the ...

Results : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

In general, for all the variables, there was a tendency for the FG protocol to yield more accurate implant placement than other protocols (Table 1). In relation to vertical deviation, the PG protocol seemed to be associated with more errors. However, there was no significant difference in vertical deviation among all the protocols. Figure 3 indicates that the PG protocol was associated with deep...

Methods : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

The vertical deviation was measured by calculating the discrepancy along the long axis of the planned implant at the center of the platform (Fig. 2a). In addition to the magnitude of the deviation, the direction of the error was determined. The horizontal deviations were measured at the neck and the apex of the planned implant. The angle deviation was computed by measuring the angle of the long a...

Methods : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

For all the protocols, straight bone level Straumann dummy implants were planned. The anterior implants were 4.1 × 10 mm, while the posterior implants were 4.8 × 10 mm. The anterior implants were planned to be placed 2 mm subcrestal, while the posterior implants were planned to be placed 1 mm subcrestal. For the conventional protocols, the clinicians had access to physical intact Ni...

Methods : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

The soft tissue silicone former was removed from the Nissin model to simulate bone anatomy. Subsequently, this model was duplicated with clear resin material mixed with barium sulfate and scanned by a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) machine to generate cross-sectional DICOM images. The DICOM images were imported to the implant planning software programs. For the FH protocol, the 2D DICOM ima...

Methods : Accuracy of static computer-assisted imp...

A total of 10 qualified clinicians with a minimum of 3 years of general practice experience were invited to participate in the study. The number of participants was similar to previously published studies [12, 19], and was confirmed by sample size calculation. A mean horizontal deviation of 1 mm and an expected standard deviation of 0.75 mm that were reported from earlier studies [13, 19] were ...

Background : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Despite all the advantages of sCAIP protocols, several studies reported that they are still prone to errors and complications [7,8,9, 17, 18]. The FG and PG protocols still require thorough planning and surgical understanding and skills [11]. For multiple implants and long-span edentulous ridges, guided surgery has the advantages of being more reliable, more comfortable for the patient, and more r...

Background : Accuracy of static computer-assisted ...

Implant treatment is a growing field in dentistry, and many clinicians aim to increase their scope of practice by including such treatment. One of the main challenges encountered by clinicians new to implant dentistry is the determination and controlling of implant location. It is the consensus that implant placement must be planned to achieve an acceptable position for an ideal restorative outcom...

Abstract : Accuracy of static computer-assisted im...

One of the challenges encountered by clinicians new to implant dentistry is the determination and controlling of implant location. This study compared the accuracy of fully guided (FG) and pilot-guided (PG) static computer-assisted implant placement (sCAIP) protocols against the conventional freehand (FH) protocol for placing single anterior and posterior implants by recently introduced clinicians...

Fig. 10. Patient 1—post-operative evaluation of ...

Fig. 10. Patient 1—post-operative evaluation of placement accuracy of the implants in the mandible. Green is the planned position; blue is the actual position Fig. 10. Patient 1—post-operative evaluation of placement accuracy of the implants in the mandible. Green is the planned position; blue is the actual position

Fig. 9. Patient 1—prosthodontic end result 5 mo...

Fig. 9. Patient 1—prosthodontic end result 5 months after implant placement Fig. 9. Patient 1—prosthodontic end result 5 months after implant placement

Fig. 8. Patient 2—intra-oral situation during or...

Fig. 8. Patient 2—intra-oral situation during orthodontic treatment at the age of 14. A temporary crown with bracket is fixed on the dental implant. Eight months after start of orthodontic treatment, the 34 is already close to the planned end position Fig. 8. Patient 2—intra-oral situation during orthodontic treatment at the age of 14. A temporary crown with bracket is fixed on the dental...

Fig. 7. Patient 2—post-operative orthopantomogra...

Fig. 7. Patient 2—post-operative orthopantomogram (OPT) at age of 13. Situation 10 months after implant placement. Three months after starting the orthodontic treatment, the 34 is already erected Fig. 7. Patient 2—post-operative orthopantomogram (OPT) at age of 13. Situation 10 months after implant placement. Three months after starting the orthodontic treatment, the 34 is already erect...

Fig. 6. Patient 1—post-operative orthopantomogra...

Fig. 6. Patient 1—post-operative orthopantomogram (OPT) at age of 18 Fig. 6. Patient 1—post-operative orthopantomogram (OPT) at age of 18

Fig. 5. a Drilling templates of patient 1. Printed...

Fig. 5. he maxilla (left) and mandible (right) with drilling template and metal drilling inserts (Nobel biocare). b Drilling template for the mandible of patient 1. c Implant placement of patient 1. Dental implant placement in the mandible using the virtual developed tooth-supported templates and metal drilling inserts Fig. 5. a Drilling templates of patient 1. Printed model of the maxilla (l...

Fig. 4. a Patient 1—virtual set-up of the ultima...

Fig. 4. t goal. b Patient 2—virtual set-up of the ultimate implant position. One short dental implant was planned in region 35, based on the location of the mandibular nerve (orange), the impacted 34 (pink) and the bone quality and volume. c Patient 2—virtual set-up of the ultimate prosthetic treatment goal Fig. 4. a Patient 1—virtual set-up of the ultimate treatment goal. b Patient 2â€...

Fig. 3. a Patient 1—detailed 3D model of the com...

Fig. 3. e CBCT and intra-oral scan at age of 18. b Patient 2—detailed 3D model of the combined data from the CBCT and intra-oral scan at age of 12 Fig. 3. a Patient 1—detailed 3D model of the combined data from the CBCT and intra-oral scan at age of 18. b Patient 2—detailed 3D model of the combined data from the CBCT and intra-oral scan at age of 12

Fig. 2. a Patient 2—pre-implant orthopantomogram...

Fig. 2. uation before start of orthodontic and implant treatment. Eleven permanent teeth (including 2 third molars) were congenitally missing and the 34 is impacted. To erect the 34, orthodontic treatment was desired. Due to the lack of stable anchorages in the third quadrant, it was decided to place one implant at tooth region 35 for orthodontic anchorage and future prosthetics. Due to very lim...

Fig. 1. a Patient 1—orthopantomogram (OPT) at ag...

Fig. 1. osed deciduous teeth 55, 54, 65, 74, 75, 84, and 85 and start of orthodontic treatment. Eleven permanent teeth (including 4 third molars) were congenitally missing. b Patient 1—post-orthodontic situation at age of 16. The top of the mandibular processus alveolaris is small (upper). The interdental space at location of the second premolars in the maxilla is 7 and 14 mm at location of t...

Table 1 Accuracy data: Euclidian distances (ED, mm...

Patient Location implant (tooth nr) Shoulder Tip Axis X Y Z ED (mm) ...

About this article : Three-dimensional computer-gu...

Filius, M.A.P., Kraeima, J., Vissink, A. et al. Three-dimensional computer-guided implant placement in oligodontia. Int J Implant Dent 3, 30 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0090-6 Download citation Received: 27 March 2017 Accepted: 22 June 2017 Published: 08 July 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0090-6

Rights and permissions : Three-dimensional compute...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Three-dimensional computer-g...

This is not applicable as this research was an evaluation of routine dental care. Not applicable. Author Marieke Filius, Joep Kraeima, Arjan Vissink, Krista Janssen, Gerry Raghoebar and Anita Visser state that there are no conflicts of interest. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Three-dimensional computer-gu...

Correspondence to Anita Visser.

Author information : Three-dimensional computer-gu...

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands Marieke A. P. Filius, Joep Kraeima, Arjan Vissink, Gerry M. Raghoebar & Anita Visser Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands K...

Acknowledgements : Three-dimensional computer-guid...

The authors like to sincerely thank all co-workers from the Department of Orthodontics, University Center Groningen, The Netherlands, for the potent collaboration during the treatment process. We also kindly thank native English speaker Jadzia Siemienski for critically reading our manuscript and making suggestions to improve the English. This research did not receive any specific grant from fund...

References : Three-dimensional computer-guided imp...

Schalk-van der Weide Y, Beemer FA, Faber JA, Bosman F. Symptomatology of patients with oligodontia. J Oral Rehabil. 1994;21:247–61. Filius MA, Cune MS, Raghoebar GM, Vissink A, Visser A. Prosthetic treatment outcome in patients with severe hypodontia: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2016;43:373–87. Shen P, Zhao J, Fan L, et al. Accuracy evaluation of computer-designed surgical guide tem...

Abbreviations : Three-dimensional computer-guided ...

(Cone beam) computer tomography Two-dimensional Three-dimensional Euclidian distances Orthopantomogram

Conclusion : Three-dimensional computer-guided imp...

This technical advanced article introduces a fully digitalized workflow for implant planning in complex oligodontia cases. The application of computer-designed surgical templates enables predictable implant placement in oligodontia, where bone quantity and limited interdental spaces can be challenging for implant placement. The stepwise approach described in this technical advanced article provide...

Discussion : Three-dimensional computer-guided imp...

This technical advanced article illustrated the benefit of a full three-dimensional virtual workflow to guide implant placement in oligodontia cases as well as that implants can be reliably placed at the planned positions with the technique proposed. The described full three-dimensional virtual workflow has several advantages. First, the surgeon is pre-operatively better informed about the requir...

Results : Three-dimensional computer-guided implan...

The surgical guides fitted well and facilitated implant placement. All implants were placed in the native bone. No dehiscences of the implant surface occurred. Post-operative orthopantomograms (OPT) of patients 1 and 2 are shown in Figs. 6 and 7. In patient 1, six implants were placed (NobelParallel Conical Connection implants, Nobel Biocare Holding AG, Zürich-Flughafen, Switzerland; Length 8.5...

Patient and methods : Three-dimensional computer-g...

After raising a mucoperiostal flap, the dental implants were placed using the virtual developed tooth-supported drilling templates using metal inserts (Fig. 5c). It was checked whether no dehiscences of the implant surface were present.

Patient and methods : Three-dimensional computer-g...

A CBCT (ICat, Image Sciences International, Hatfield, UK; 576 slices, voxel size 0.3 mm, FOV: 11 × 16 cm) was made of two oligodontia patients (for patient details, see Figs. 1 and 2) for implant planning. Detailed patient information was obtained with regard to the nerve position and bone quality and quantity. In addition, a digital intra-oral scan was made to get a detailed 3D image of t...

Introduction : Three-dimensional computer-guided i...

Oligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars [1]. The need for oral rehabilitation in patients with oligodontia is high as they often suffer from functional and aesthetic problems due to a high number of missing teeth. Implant-based prosthodontics seem to be favourable to improve oral function and aesthetics in oligodontia [2]. Implant treatment in ...

Abstract : Three-dimensional computer-guided impla...

The aim of computer-designed surgical templates is to attain higher precision and accuracy of implant placement, particularly for compromised cases. The purpose of this study is to show the benefit of a full three-dimensional virtual workflow to guide implant placement in oligodontia cases where treatment is challenging due compromised bone quantity and limited interdental spaces. A full, digita...

Figure 10. Patient 1—post-operative evaluation o...

  Figure 10. Patient 1—post-operative evaluation of placement accuracy of the implants in the mandible. Green is the planned position; blue is the actual position

Figure 9. Patient 1—prosthodontic end result 5 m...

  Figure 9. Patient 1—prosthodontic end result 5 months after implant placement

Figure 8. Patient 2—intra-oral situation during ...

  Figure 8. Patient 2—intra-oral situation during orthodontic treatment at the age of 14. A temporary crown with bracket is fixed on the dental implant. Eight months after start of orthodontic treatment, the 34 is already close to the planned end position

Figure 7. Patient 2—post-operative orthopantomog...

  Figure 7. Patient 2—post-operative orthopantomogram (OPT) at age of 13. Situation 10 months after implant placement. Three months after starting the orthodontic treatment, the 34 is already erected

Figure 6. Patient 1—post-operative orthopantomog...

  Figure 6. Patient 1—post-operative orthopantomogram (OPT) at age of 18

Figure 5. a Drilling templates of patient 1

  Figure 5. a Drilling templates of patient 1. Printed model of the maxilla (left) and mandible (right) with drilling template and metal drilling inserts (Nobel biocare). b Drilling template for the mandible of patient 1. c Implant placement of patient 1. Dental implant placement in the mandible using the virtual developed tooth-supported templates and metal drilling inserts

Figure 4. a Patient 1—virtual set-up of the ult...

  Figure 4. a Patient 1—virtual set-up of the ultimate treatment goal. b Patient 2—virtual set-up of the ultimate implant position. One short dental implant was planned in region 35, based on the location of the mandibular nerve (orange), the impacted 34 (pink) and the bone quality and volume. c Patient 2—virtual set-up of the ultimate prosthetic treatment goal

Figure 3. a Patient 1—detailed 3D model of the ...

  Figure 3. a Patient 1—detailed 3D model of the combined data from the CBCT and intra-oral scan at age of 18. b Patient 2—detailed 3D model of the combined data from the CBCT and intra-oral scan at age of 12

Figure 2 a Patient 2—pre-implant orthopantomogr...

  Figure 2 a Patient 2—pre-implant orthopantomogram (OPG) at the age of 12. Situation before start of orthodontic and implant treatment. Eleven permanent teeth (including 2 third molars) were congenitally missing and the 34 is impacted. To erect the 34, orthodontic treatment was desired. Due to the lack of stable anchorages in the third quadrant, it was decided to place one implant at tooth...

Figure 1. Patient 1—orthopantomogram (OPT) at ag...

    Figure 1. a Patient 1—orthopantomogram (OPT) at age of 13. Situation before extraction of the ankylosed deciduous teeth 55, 54, 65, 74, 75, 84, and 85 and start of orthodontic treatment. Eleven permanent teeth (including 4 third molars) were congenitally missing. b Patient 1—post-orthodontic situation at age of 16. The top of the mandibular processus alveolaris is small (upper). T...

Results : Three-dimensional computer-guided implan...

Results Clinical and radiographic assessments The surgical guides fitted well and facilitated implant placement. All implants were placed in the native bone. No dehiscences of the implant surface occurred. Post-operative orthopantomograms (OPT) of patients 1 and 2 are shown in Figs. 6 and 7. In patient 1, six implants were placed (NobelParallel Conical Connection implants, Nobel Biocare Ho...

Methods : Three-dimensional computer-guided implan...

Patient and methods Implant planning and placement Pre-implant procedure and 3D planning A CBCT (ICat, Image Sciences International, Hatfield, UK; 576 slices, voxel size 0.3 mm, FOV: 11 × 16 cm) was made of two oligodontia patients (for patient details, see Figs. 1 and 2) for implant planning. Detailed patient information was obtained with regard to the nerve position and bone quality an...

Introduction : Three-dimensional computer-guided i...

Introduction Oligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars [1]. The need for oral rehabilitation in patients with oligodontia is high as they often suffer from functional and aesthetic problems due to a high number of missing teeth. Implant-based prosthodontics seem to be favourable to improve oral function and aesthetics in oligodontia [2]. Impla...

Three-dimensional computer-guided implant placemen...

Three-dimensional computer-guided implant placement in oligodontia Abstract Background The aim of computer-designed surgical templates is to attain higher precision and accuracy of implant placement, particularly for compromised cases. Purpose The purpose of this study is to show the benefit of a full three-dimensional virtual workflow to guide implant placement in oligodontia cases where t...