Modern radiographic imaging techniques in combination with advanced computer designing software could reconstruct a three-dimensional image of large boney defects [16]. Designing the shape of the required scaffold could easily be performed to accurately fit the available defect size using advanced imaging and designing software [17]. Finally, the required shape could be directly milled from different materials using CAD/CAM technology and the milled scaffold could be inserted in the exposed boney defect.

The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenesis ability of customized CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds inserted in healed boney defects in the mandible of a dog model. The proposed hypothesis of this study was that hydroxyapatite-enriched zirconia scaffolds would enhance osteogenesis ability compared to the controls.