Background : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis
Oral cancer ranks sixth among the malignancies in terms of worldwide prevalence, with more than 90% being pathologically squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [1]. Oral SCC generally develops via multistep carcinogenesis. The squamous epithelium goes into irreversible change, including epithelial dysplasia and oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in-situ (OIN/CIS) [2], finally resulting in the development of invasive carcinoma through the accumulation of genetic abnormalities caused by persistent exposure to a carcinogen. Risk factors for oral SCCs are smoking, tobacco and betel quid chewing habits, and heavy alcohol consumption. In addition, chronic inflammation, including periodontitis, has been regarded as a possible risk factor for oral SCCs. Laprise et al. [3] conducted a case control study to estimate the extent to which high levels of periodontal disease were associated with oral cancer risk, using a comprehensive adjustment approach for confounding that involved a large set of life course variables. The authors concluded that their findings supported the hypothesis that high levels of periodontal disease increase the risk of oral cancer.
A recent report made a bold statement that dental implants also can be a cause of cancer by providing a “route of entry for squamous cell carcinoma” [4], and another report stated that dental implants can lead to SCC in at-risk patients [5]. The incidence of malignances associated with dental implants seems to be extremely low. Bhatavadekar [6] calculated the theoretical standardized incidence ratio (SIR) to be 0.0017 per million per year. However, recently, case reports of oral malignancies associated with dental implants have gradually been accumulating [7]. Raise et al. [8] pointed out that the number of such cases in the literature has increased sharply in the last decade.
In this study, we report a case of intra-epithelial neoplasia arising from peri-implant mucosa in a woman without a history of tobacco smoking or excessive alcohol consumption, and without predisposing factors for oral SCC, including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, or previous oral cancer.
Serial posts:
- Abstract : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis [1]
- Abstract : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis [2]
- Background : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis
- Case presentation : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis [1]
- Case presentation : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis [2]
- Case presentation : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis [3]
- Conclusions : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis
- Abbreviations : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis
- References : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis [1]
- References : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis [2]
- Ethics declarations : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis
- Rights and permissions : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis
- About this article : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis
- Table 1 Summary of immunohistochemical findings of the present case : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis
- Fig. 1. Well-circumscribed gingival swelling on the lingual side of the right side of the mandible : Primary peri-implant
- Fig. 2. Panoramic radiograph shows slight vertical bone resorption around the implants in the right side of the mandible : Primary peri-implant
- Fig. 3. Pathological microscopic examination reveals thickened squamous epithelia with slight nuclear atypism and disorders of the epithelial rete pegs accompanied by moderate grade inflammatory cell infiltration (HE staining, bar: 400 μm) : Primary peri-implant
- Fig. 4. Immunohistological findings show a negative staining mosaic pattern for keratin 13 (k13) and positive staining for keratin 17 (k17) (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm) : Primary peri-implant
- Fig. 5. High p53, p63, and Ki-67 reactivity are also observed in the basal cell layer (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm) : Primary peri-implant
- Fig. 6. Postoperative intraoral finding and radiograph : Primary peri-implant