According to the previous studies, miR-146a was regulated by NF-κB and blockade of miR-146a could decrease TLR4 and NF-κB in human cells [41, 42], suggesting that miR-146a is involved in TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our recent study showed that miR-146a inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion in B cells after challenged with P. gingivalis LPS and decreased bone resorption in experimental periodontits animal models [24]. Moreover, it was found that miR-146a negatively regulated TLR2-induced inflammatory response in keratinocytes [43] and expression of TLR2 was repressed by miR-146a in HEK293T cells [44]. Thus, the cross talk between miR-146a and TLR2/4 may be essential for anti-inflammation effects of miR-146a by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. In the present study, the data showed that miR-146a have no effects on inflammatory cell infiltration or TNF-α expression in the absence of TLR2 and TLR4 in experimental peri-implantitis, suggesting that miR-146a anti-inflammation effects are TLR2/4 dependent in peri-implantitis. However, on the other hand, how induction of TLR2/4 in oral disease affects the expression and function of miR-146a may need further investigation.