Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp titanium specimen
Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp titanium specimen
Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn
Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn
Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×20,000
Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×20,000
Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×10,000
Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×10,000
Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp Titanium specimen at X 5,000
Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp Titanium specimen at X 5,000
Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at ×20,000
Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at ×20,000
Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at X10,000
Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at X10,000
Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with nano HA- Zn at ×5000
Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with nano HA- Zn at ×5000
Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from coated titanium specimen
Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from coated titanium specimen
Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepared from a natural source (CB)
Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepared from a natural source (CB)
Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemical-deposition coating process’ equipment
Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemical-deposition coating process’ equipment
Number of specimens
Mean ± (SD)
Standard error mean
F value
P value
Control
7...
El-Wassefy, N.A., Reicha, F.M. & Aref, N.S. Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydroxyapatite-zinc coating on titanium metal substrate.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0095-1
Download citation
Received: 20 March 2017
Accepted: 28 July 2017
Published: 13 August 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0095-1
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
El-Wassefy N, Aref N, and Reicha F declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt
N. A. El-Wassefy & N. S. Aref
Physics Department, Faculty of science, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt
F. M. Reicha
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PubMed Google Scholar
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The authors would like to express their gratitude for Dr. Sherif Kishk, Professor of Communication and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, for his help in photographing and analyzing the coating for adhesion test.
Kuo MC, Yen SK. The process of electrochemical deposited hydroxyapatite coatings on biomedical titanium at room temperature. Mater Sci Eng C. 2002;20:153–60.
Suchanek W, Yoshimura M. Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants. J Mater Res. 1998;13:94–117.
Kohli S, Batra U, Kapoor S. Influence of zinc substitution on physicochemi...
Hosea HJ, Taylor CG, Wood T, Mollard R, Weiler HA. Zinc-deficient rats have more limited bone recovery during repletion than diet-restricted rats. Exp Biol Med. 2004;299:303–11.
Tsai M-T, Chang Y-Y, Huang H-L, Hsu J-T, Chen Y-C, Wu AY-J. Characterization and antibacterial performance of bioactive Ti–Zn–O coatings deposited on titanium implants. Thin Solid Films. 2013;528:143–50.
Hu H, Zh...
Brunette DM, Tengvall P, Textor M TP, Textor M, Thomsen P. Titanium in medicine: material science, surface science, engineering, biological responses and medical applications. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. p.13–24.
Heydenrijk K, Meijer HJA, van der Reijden WA, Vissink A, Raghoebar GM, Stegenga B. Microbiota around root-formed endosseous implants. A review of the literature. October. ...
The electro-chemical method can be employed for HA-Zn coating deposition on titanium metal, where Ca source was a recycled cuttlebone fish to precipitate HA phases. Using a Zn anode on a low-sustained voltage was able to induce an even coat thickness of HA-Zn precipitation and increase the surface roughness significantly.
Yang et al. prepared a Zn-HA coating on Ti plates by an electrochemical process, and the SEM examination showed irregularly shaped rod-like crystals with hexagonal cross-section; this corresponded well with the current study results. They also concluded that a Zn-HA coating improves proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and would enhance implant osseointegration [11].
Ceramic coatings ...
Metallic orthopedic prosthesis is most commonly used due to its good mechanical properties, but its failure mostly occurs due to the lack of proper bone bonding and/or the occurrence of post-operative infections. Hydroxyapatite is commonly used as a bone filler biomaterial or as a coat for titanium prosthesis due to its decent biocompatibility, osseoconductivity, and bioactivity [26]. However, as ...
Following the examination of X cut areas after the adhesive tape removal; the adhesion was rated to be 5A, as no peeling or coat removal occurred along the incisions' length or at their intersection.
Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O with weak sharp absorption peak bands at 742, 821, and 1048 cm−1, a strong broad absorption band at 1354 cm-1, and a strong shoulder absorption band at 1455 cm−1. A wide broad absorption band peak appears at 3442 cm−1 due to the presence of water. Figure 3 shows the FT-IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from CpTi specimens; the band a...
The coating was scrapped from Ti specimen's surface and investigated for its chemical structure using FT-IR spectroscopy. The powder was investigated by double-beam dispersive IR spectrometer (Nicolet iS10, Thermo Electron Corporation, UK) which utilized the selected range of 400 to 4000 wave numbers (cm−1) at 4 cm−1 resolution and averaging of 100 scans. Two milligrams of scrapped powder was...
Commercially pure Ti (CpTi) grade II specimens were cut down into plates with dimensions 10 × 10 × 2 mm and used as substrates (cathode material) for depositing HA and Zn. CpTi specimens were polished with successive grades of silicon carbide papers, ultra-sonicated in acetone (99.5%, EM Science), rinsed in distilled water, and then air dried at room temperature, before they were used f...
The aim of the present work was to develop well-adhered and uniform hydroxyapatite-zinc coatings on titanium metal substrate, through an in vitro electro-chemical deposition method. The coating was characterized for functional chemical group, surface morphology, surface chemical analysis, surface roughness, and coat adhesive bonding by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning elec...
Titanium metal is one of the most widely used biomedical orthopedic materials because of its decent mechanical properties [1]. However, as an inert material, it cannot induce osteogenesis and has no antibacterial properties [2]. In order to improve surface bioactivity of titanium substrates, numerous methods have been proposed to cover it with bio-ceramic coatings [1]. Various clinical studies ...
Titanium is an inert metal that does not induce osteogenesis and has no antibacterial properties; it is proposed that hydroxyapatite coating can enhance its bioactivity, while zinc can contribute to antibacterial properties and improve osseointegration.
A nano-sized hydroxyapatite-zinc coating was deposited on commercially pure titanium using an electro-chemical process, in order to increase its ...
Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp titanium specimen
Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp titanium specimen
Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn
Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn
Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×20,000
Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×20,000
Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×10,000
Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×10,000
Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp Titanium specimen at X 5,000
Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp Titanium specimen at X 5,000
Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at ×20,000
Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at ×20,000
Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at X10,000
Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at X10,000
Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with nano HA- Zn at ×5000
Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with nano HA- Zn at ×5000
Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from coated titanium specimen
Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from coated titanium specimen
Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepared from a natural source (CB)
Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepared from a natural source (CB)
Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemical-deposition coating process’ equipment
Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemical-deposition coating process’ equipment
Number of specimens
Mean ± (SD)
Standard error mean
F value
P value
Control
7...
El-Wassefy, N.A., Reicha, F.M. & Aref, N.S. Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydroxyapatite-zinc coating on titanium metal substrate.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0095-1
Download citation
Received: 20 March 2017
Accepted: 28 July 2017
Published: 13 August 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0095-1
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
El-Wassefy N, Aref N, and Reicha F declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt
N. A. El-Wassefy & N. S. Aref
Physics Department, Faculty of science, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt
F. M. Reicha
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in
...
The authors would like to express their gratitude for Dr. Sherif Kishk, Professor of Communication and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, for his help in photographing and analyzing the coating for adhesion test.
Kuo MC, Yen SK. The process of electrochemical deposited hydroxyapatite coatings on biomedical titanium at room temperature. Mater Sci Eng C. 2002;20:153–60.
Suchanek W, Yoshimura M. Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants. J Mater Res. 1998;13:94–117.
Kohli S, Batra U, Kapoor S. Influence of zinc substitution on physicochemi...
Hosea HJ, Taylor CG, Wood T, Mollard R, Weiler HA. Zinc-deficient rats have more limited bone recovery during repletion than diet-restricted rats. Exp Biol Med. 2004;299:303–11.
Tsai M-T, Chang Y-Y, Huang H-L, Hsu J-T, Chen Y-C, Wu AY-J. Characterization and antibacterial performance of bioactive Ti–Zn–O coatings deposited on titanium implants. Thin Solid Films. 2013;528:143–50.
Hu H, Zh...
Brunette DM, Tengvall P, Textor M TP, Textor M, Thomsen P. Titanium in medicine: material science, surface science, engineering, biological responses and medical applications. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. p.13–24.
Heydenrijk K, Meijer HJA, van der Reijden WA, Vissink A, Raghoebar GM, Stegenga B. Microbiota around root-formed endosseous implants. A review of the literature. October. ...
The electro-chemical method can be employed for HA-Zn coating deposition on titanium metal, where Ca source was a recycled cuttlebone fish to precipitate HA phases. Using a Zn anode on a low-sustained voltage was able to induce an even coat thickness of HA-Zn precipitation and increase the surface roughness significantly.
Yang et al. prepared a Zn-HA coating on Ti plates by an electrochemical process, and the SEM examination showed irregularly shaped rod-like crystals with hexagonal cross-section; this corresponded well with the current study results. They also concluded that a Zn-HA coating improves proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and would enhance implant osseointegration [11].
Ceramic coatings ...
Metallic orthopedic prosthesis is most commonly used due to its good mechanical properties, but its failure mostly occurs due to the lack of proper bone bonding and/or the occurrence of post-operative infections. Hydroxyapatite is commonly used as a bone filler biomaterial or as a coat for titanium prosthesis due to its decent biocompatibility, osseoconductivity, and bioactivity [26]. However, as ...
Following the examination of X cut areas after the adhesive tape removal; the adhesion was rated to be 5A, as no peeling or coat removal occurred along the incisions' length or at their intersection.
Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O with weak sharp absorption peak bands at 742, 821, and 1048 cm−1, a strong broad absorption band at 1354 cm-1, and a strong shoulder absorption band at 1455 cm−1. A wide broad absorption band peak appears at 3442 cm−1 due to the presence of water. Figure 3 shows the FT-IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from CpTi specimens; the band a...
The coating was scrapped from Ti specimen's surface and investigated for its chemical structure using FT-IR spectroscopy. The powder was investigated by double-beam dispersive IR spectrometer (Nicolet iS10, Thermo Electron Corporation, UK) which utilized the selected range of 400 to 4000 wave numbers (cm−1) at 4 cm−1 resolution and averaging of 100 scans. Two milligrams of scrapped powder was...
Commercially pure Ti (CpTi) grade II specimens were cut down into plates with dimensions 10 × 10 × 2 mm and used as substrates (cathode material) for depositing HA and Zn. CpTi specimens were polished with successive grades of silicon carbide papers, ultra-sonicated in acetone (99.5%, EM Science), rinsed in distilled water, and then air dried at room temperature, before they were used f...
The aim of the present work was to develop well-adhered and uniform hydroxyapatite-zinc coatings on titanium metal substrate, through an in vitro electro-chemical deposition method. The coating was characterized for functional chemical group, surface morphology, surface chemical analysis, surface roughness, and coat adhesive bonding by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning elec...
The aim of the present work was to develop well-adhered and uniform hydroxyapatite-zinc coatings on titanium metal substrate, through an in vitro electro-chemical deposition method. The coating was characterized for functional chemical group, surface morphology, surface chemical analysis, surface roughness, and coat adhesive bonding by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning elec...
Titanium metal is one of the most widely used biomedical orthopedic materials because of its decent mechanical properties [1]. However, as an inert material, it cannot induce osteogenesis and has no antibacterial properties [2]. In order to improve surface bioactivity of titanium substrates, numerous methods have been proposed to cover it with bio-ceramic coatings [1]. Various clinical studies ...
Titanium is an inert metal that does not induce osteogenesis and has no antibacterial properties; it is proposed that hydroxyapatite coating can enhance its bioactivity, while zinc can contribute to antibacterial properties and improve osseointegration.
A nano-sized hydroxyapatite-zinc coating was deposited on commercially pure titanium using an electro-chemical process, in order to increase its ...