3. Limitations and clinical uses of alloplastic graft

Because alloplastic grafts lack osteoinductivity, their use has historically been restricted to minor or confined abnormalities. It is necessary to ascertain the long-term effects of functional bone formation. In an alloplastic graft, the particle size is particularly significant. The absorption of the surrounding tissue during the modeling phase may be impacted if the size is too tiny. The most appropriate size was determined to be between 0.5 and 1 mm. The size of the alloplastic graft was restricted to 0.5 to 1 mm, and it was made using pig collagen, which may be absorbed in as little as two weeks, due to its disadvantage of moldability when compared to other bone replacements. Given its exceptional moldability and volumetric stability, contouring augmentation may be a sign of an alloplastic bone graft for a suitable volume. Numerous studies have documented excellent outcomes for sinus transplant and socket preservation using an alloplastic graft. The benefits of bioabsorption and long-term replacement with autogenous bone have led to the ongoing use of alloplastic grafts.

There are two approaches to contouring augmentation: covering with a collagen membrane and applying directly to the graft sites without hydrating them. The process was primarily carried out without a membrane in the past, but in recent years, the membrane has been widely used to stabilize wounds. Every graft, even an alloplastic one, had unique benefits based on its makeup. Compared to particulate bone with a certain shape, collagen-composited bone showed a greater rate of bone development. Thus, the newly suggested procedure was to cover the grafts with a membrane and apply Osteon III to the first layer next to the implant beneath the contour augmentation using Osteon III collagen. The collagen-enriched bone exhibited outstanding volumetric stability but sluggish osteogenesis—roughly 1.5 times slower. The use of alloplastic bone grafts has been expanding. One example is ridge augmentation, which involves using an implant fixture to create a tenting effect with a lengthy healing period to build up the collagen-enriched bone covering the membrane.