Division of Oral Functional Science, Department of Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan

Masazumi Yoshitani & Atsuro Yokoyama

Removable Prosthodontics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido University, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan

Yoshiyuki Takayama

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MY designed the study, constructed FE models, performed final calculations, and wrote the manuscript. YT constructed FE models and programming for nonlinear FE models. AY constructed FE models. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Correspondence to Masazumi Yoshitani.