The present systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that orthodontic mini implants are associated with a significantly lower anchorage loss at the first upper molars compared to conventional anchorage devices for en-masse retraction in the maxilla. However, the ideal implant location (anterior palate versus alveolar ridge) and the most beneficial concept (direct or indirect anchorage) need to be further evaluated. The heterogeneity was high among the included studies, control groups were not always homogenous, and two included studies were judged of high risk of bias. Further high-quality prospective, randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the anchorage efficacy of orthodontic mini implants in comparison to conventional techniques.