Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies (TPA transpalatal arch, RCT randomized controlled clinical trial, CCT controlled clinical trial) (Of: Efficacy of orthodontic mini implant)

author: Kathrin Becker, Annika Pliska, Caroline Busch, Benedict Wilmes, Michael Wolf, Dieter Drescher | publisher: drg. Andreas Tjandra, Sp. Perio, FISID

Reference	Number of patients	Type of study (RCT/CCT/other)	Control intervention	Type of implant (length, material)	Number of implants	Location of implant	Mode of anchorage (direct/indirect)
Al-Sibaie and Hajeer [1]	56 (28 implant, 28 non implant)	RCT	TPA	Self-drilling titanium mini implants (1.6 mm diameter and 7 mm length; Tuttlingen, Germany)	2	Between the maxillary second premolar and first molar	Direct
Basha et al. [4]	14 (7 implant, 7 non implant)	RCT	TPA	Surgical steel mini implants (1.3 mm diameter, 8 mm length; SK Surgical, Pune, India.)	2	Placed between the roots of second premolar and first molar in the maxilla	Direct
Benson et al. [5]	51 (23 implant; 24 non implant)	RCT	Headgear	Ortho implant, (6 mm length, Straumann, Waldenburg, Switzerland)	1	Midpalatal	Indirect
Chopra et al. [9]	50 (25 implant; 25 non implant)	RCT	Nance button; lingual arch	Self-drilling titanium ortho implants	4	Buccal alveolar bone between the second premolars and first molars in all the four quadrants	Indirect
Davoody et al. [11]	46 (23 implant, 23 non-implant group)	RCT	Intrusion arch and mushroom loops	1.8–2 mm in width, 8–9 mm in length	4	Placed between maxillary second premolars and first molars in all four quadrants	Direct
Liu et al. [28]	34	RCT	TPA	Self-tapping titanium mini-screw implants (8 mm length, 1.2 mm diameter, Cibei, Ningbo, China)	2	Between the roots of the first molar and the second premolar	Direct
Upadhyay et al. [49]	30 (15 implant, 15 non-implant)	RCT	Treatment in control group not specified: Nance holding arch, extraoral traction, banding of the second molars, and differential moments	Custom made at our institute by modifying conventional surgical screws, measuring 1.3 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length	2	Placed between the maxillary second premolar and first molar, preferably between the attached and movable mucosae	Direct
Upadhyay et al. [48]	23	Other (cohort study)	No control group	Titanium mini implants (1.3 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length)	2	Placed between the roots of the first molar and the second premolar in both upper quadrants	Direct
Upadhyay et al. [50]	40 (20 implant, 20 non implant)	RCT	Conventional methods such as headgears, transpalatal arches, banding of second molars, application of differential moments	Titanium mini implants (1.3 mm diameter, 8 mm length)	4	Between the roots of the first molar and second premolar in all four quadrants	Direct
Victor et al. [52]	20 (10 implant, 10 non-implant)	RCT	NiTi closed coil spring	Absoanchor—SH 1312-08; (1.3 mm diameter, 8 mm length)	4	Placed between the roots of second premolar and first molar in the upper arch, the screw insertion was angulated at 40° and 8 mm gingival to the archwire	Direct
Wehrbein et al. [54]	9	Other (cohort study)	No control group	Orthosystem (diameter 3.3 mm, lengths are 4 and 6 mm)	1	Midpalatal	Indirect
Wilmes et al. [57]	20 (10 in implant group of which 5 patients had additional transversal reinforcement and 5 did not, 10 in non-implant group)	CCT	TPA	2.0 × 10 mm, Dual Top™, Jeil Medical Corporation, Seoul, South Korea, or 2.0 × 11 mm, BENEFIT, Mondeal Medical Systems, Mühlheim a.d. Donau, Germany	1	Placed in the anterior palate	Indirect

Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies (TPA transpalatal arch, RCT randomized controlled clinical trial, CCT controlled clinical trial)

Serial posts: