Fig. 6. Funnel plot for anchorage loss in the vertical dimension (MD mean difference, SE standard error)
Fig. 6. Funnel plot for anchorage loss in the vertical dimension (MD mean difference, SE standard error)
Fig. 5. Funnel plot for anchorage loss in the horizontal dimension (MD mean difference, SE standard error)
Fig. 5. Funnel plot for anchorage loss in the horizontal dimension (MD mean difference, SE standard error)
Fig. 4. Forest plot for anchorage loss in the vertical dimension
Fig. 4. Forest plot for anchorage loss in the vertical dimension
Fig. 3. Forest plot for anchorage loss in the horizontal dimension
Fig. 3. Forest plot for anchorage loss in the horizontal dimension
Fig. 2. Graphic visualization of the risk of bias judgements
Fig. 2. Graphic visualization of the risk of bias judgements
Fig. 1. PRISMA study flow diagram
Fig. 1. PRISMA study flow diagram
NoneTable 3 Risk of bias judgment according to the Cochrane Collaboration
Reference
Number of patients
Type of study (RCT/CCT/other)
Control intervention
Type of implant (length, material)
...
Reference
Reason for exclusion
Barros et al. (2017) [3]
Anchorage loss at first molar not specified
Borsos et al. (2012) [7]...
Becker, K., Pliska, A., Busch, C. et al. Efficacy of orthodontic mini implants for en masse retraction in the maxilla: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 35 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0144-4
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Received: 04 May 2018
Accepted: 27 August 2018
Published: 25 October 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0144-4
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
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Kathrin Becker, Annika Pliska, Caroline Busch, Benedict Wilmes, Michael Wolf, and Dieter Drescher declare that they have no competing interests.
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Correspondence to
Kathrin Becker.
Michael Wolf and Dieter Drescher contributed equally to this work.
Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
Kathrin Becker, Annika Pliska, Caroline Busch, Benedict Wilmes & Dieter Drescher
Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Michael Wolf
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We acknowledge the work of S. Moscarino, E. Burceck, and J. Bartz who assisted in the abstract screening and hand searching.
The study was self-funded by the authors.
The data extracted for the meta-analysis are available in the Additional file 1.
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The present systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that orthodontic mini implants are associated with a significantly lower anchorage loss at the first upper molars compared to conventional anchorage devices for en-masse retraction in the maxilla. However, the ideal implant location (anterior palate versus alveolar ridge) and the most beneficial concept (direct or indirect anchorage) need t...
Indirect anchorage through implants in the alveolar ridge was associated with mesial molar migration in all studies included in the present review [5, 9, 54, 57]. Nonetheless, anchorage loss with indirect anchorage was significantly lower compared to the conventional devices [5, 9, 57]. It has been suggested that the anchorage loss at indirectly anchored mid-palatal implants may be caused by a sli...
The present systematic review was conducted to address the following focused question: “In patients with a need for en masse retraction of the upper front teeth, what is the efficacy of orthodontic mini implants for anchorage control compared with conventional anchorage devices?”
The literature search revealed that efficacy of anchorage control of orthodontic mini implants in comparison to co...
Meta-analysis was performed on RCTs reporting on anchorage loss at the first molar.
Based on seven studies [1, 4, 11, 28, 49, 50, 52], the weighted mean differences (WMD) [95% CI, p] in horizontal anchorage loss between test and control groups amounted up to − 2.79 mm [− 3.56 to − 2.03 mm, p
The overall success rates of the orthodontic mini implants varied among the studies. A success rate of 95.7% with a loss of 2 from 46 implants was reported by Upadhyay et al. [48], and the implants could be replaced immediately. Two patients developed a peri-implant inflammation which was resolved through improved oral hygiene. A loss of 5 of 72 implants was reported by Upadhyay et al. [49], and i...
In detail, anchorage loss associated with indirect anchorage and a mid-palatal implant amounted to 1.5 ± 2.6 mm versus 3 ± 3.4 mm [5], 0.7 ± 0.4 (right molar) and 1.1 ± 0.3 mm (left molar) [54], 1.73 ± 0.39 mm (horseshoe), and 0.36 ± 0.11 mm (posterior reinforcement) versus 4.21 ± 1.17 mm [57]. An anchorage loss of 0.2 ± 0.35 mm versus 2.0 mm ± ...
The study samples considered for the qualitative synthesis consisted of females exhibiting Angle Class II,1 malocclusion with upper dental protrusion and an overjet of at least 7 mm [48], patients with a dental Class II, a need for extraction of the first upper premolars and front retraction [54], or Class III patients with a need for pre-surgical decompensation through premolar extraction and fr...
The search for the review was undertaken at December 31, 2017. A total of 2046 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found during the electronic and manual search (676 after duplicate removal) of which 99 titles were considered relevant for abstract screening. During the first stage of study selection, 58 publications were excluded based on the abstract. For the second phase, the complete...
When data were not available in the printed report, we calculated the missing information whenever possible (e.g., by subtracting pre- and post en masse retraction values). In cases where a zero variance (0.00 mm) was presented in the summary tables, these values were changed to 0.01 mm to enable meta-analysis. The corresponding authors of the published studies were contacted when needed.
Heter...
Inclusion of less than five patients
Lack of clinical data on anchorage loss
Measurement of anchorage loss not by superimposition of lateral cephalograms or superimposition of study casts
Previous orthodontic treatment
Treatment in control group not specified
Inclusion of diseased patients, e.g., patients with systemic diseases, periodontal disease, and syndromes
Other treatment than en mass...
AND (“anchorage loss” OR “anchorage quality” OR “quality of life” OR “benefit” or “harm” OR “efficacy” OR “side effects” OR “effect” OR “orthodontic anchorage procedures”[mh] OR “treatment outcome”[mh])
Search terms EMBASE (including EMTREE terms)
(“en-masse retraction” OR “incisor retraction” OR “front retraction” OR “orthodontic gap clo...
This systematic review was structured and conducted according to the preferred reporting items of the PRISMA statement [34].
The focused question serving for literature search was structured according to the PICO (Patients, Intervention, Control, Outcome) format: “In patients with a need for en masse retraction of the upper front teeth, what is the efficacy of orthodontic mini implants for anch...
Extraction of the permanent teeth for retraction of the protruded front teeth is a routine approach in orthodontics. Various techniques such as headgear, Nance button, and transpalatal arches (TPA) have been proposed to achieve sufficient anchorage [5, 8, 9, 12, 28, 31, 45]. Nevertheless, anchorage control turned out to be highly demanding as the conventional approaches were commonly associated wi...
Retraction of the upper incisors/canines requires maximum anchorage. The aim of the present study was to analyze the efficacy of mini implants in comparison to conventional devices in patients with need for en masse retraction of the front teeth in the upper jaw.
An electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE and hand searching were performed. Relevant articles were assessed, and data...