In such designs, the first drill used for the osteotomy is directed using the surgical guide, and the remainder of the osteotomy and implant placement is then finished freehand by the surgeon.⁶ Techniques based on this design concept involve fabrication of a radiographic template, which is then converted into a surgical guide template following radiographic evaluation. Various authors have proposed different techniques involving modifications in the following stages of fabrication, namely, material used for the fabrication of the surgical template, radiographic marker used, type of imaging system used, and the conversion process involved in converting the radiographic template into a surgical template. These various techniques are discussed in the Table. Nonetheless, all of the aforementioned techniques failed to completely restrict the angulation of the surgical drills.

Table Partially limiting design