Table : Partially limiting design|palmerah.implantgigi.com

author (y)	material used for fabrication of the template	radiographic marker used	imaging system used	conversion process	indication/ advantages
Engelman et al⁹	auto polymerizing acrylic resin	metal bearings	panoramic radiography	remove lingual surface, leaving only facial surface of the teeth in the proposed implant site	inexpensive, easy, improved visibility, external irrigation
Adrian et al10	auto polymerizing acrylic resin	leaf foil over the maxillary and mandibular incisors, left mandibular occlusal plane, intaglio surface of mandibular trial denture	lateral cephalography	determine implant trajectory and location using radiopaque images use cephalometric tracing paper, protractor, and surveyor to reproduce these data in a resin plane joining maxilla and mandible;	Guides implant position and trajectory, serves as a bite-block, retracts the tongue and flap, lessens chance of titanium contamination
Tarlow11	acrylic resin duplicate denture vacuum-formed thermoplastic matrix (0.02 inch) adapted over duplicate denture			remove anterior lingual portion of matrix; remove anterior labial portion of duplicate denture;	indicated in anterior edentulous mandible; matrix dictates implant location and angulation, with minimal interference to surgical access
Espinosa Marino et al	heat polymerizing acrylic resin	dual-curing composite resin mixed with colored chalk	CT	trim buccal side of the template	indicated in partially edentulous patient
Stellino et al 13	acrylic resin provisional FPD	gutta-percha	CT	remove gutta-percha from channels in the pontic	alternative for removable radiologic template where a provisional FPD bridges the implant site
Pesun and Gardner14	vacuum-formed thermoplastic matrix adapt over diagnostic cast and on the duplicate cast of diagnostic wax-up fill orthodontic resin in the space between these 2 matrices	gutta-percha	CT	reduce vertical height of the guide; remove gutta-percha	indicated in severely worn dentition
Takeshita et al15	denture base: auto polymerizing acrylic resin; teeth; mix powder consisting of 4; 1 ratio of resin polymer and barium sulfate with monomer	stainless steel tubes	panoramic radiography, CT	remove tube sprues	barium sulfate depicts outline of the predesigned superstructure stainless steel tubes represent location and inclination of the intended implant placement
Sicilia et al16	orthodontic wires and auto polymerizing acrylic resin	contrast blocks, gutta percha blocks	CT	using wire, create 2 profiles of the missing teeth - occlusal and gingival. Join these to acrylic resin block to make template solid and add self-retaining feature	profiles mark the vestibular and mesiodistal limit of the teethl the profile replaces buccal surface of the template
Minoretti et al17	vacuum-formed thermoplastic matrix or auto polymerizing acrylic resin	guide sleeve		insert Kirschner wires through mucosa/ bone using dental handpiece; fit guidance cylinders fitting trephine drill ( diameter = 3.5 mm, ITI Dental Implant system ) to the guide free	indicated in completely edentulous patient of in augmented alveolar ridges where template position after flap reflection is difficult. Improves precision of implant placement - improving guidance during drilling process
Ku and Shen18	vacuum-formed thermoplastic matrix filled with auto polymerizing resin acrylic resin	gutta-percha	CT	remove marker with carbide bur	single implant therapy or short-span implant-supported prostheses
Becker and Kaiser19 (Figure 2)	vacuum-formed thermoplastic matrix (0.020 inch) and orthodontic resin	5/32 and 3/16 inch brass tubes		attach 3/16 inch tube to the template 5/32 inch tube guides the pilot drill	precise surgical guide resulting in a functional and esthetically pleasing restoration
Cehreli et al20 (Figure 3)	vacuum-formed thermoplastic matrix (2.0 x 125 mm)	pins (1 mm diameter)	CT	fabricate 2 acrylic templates covering only residual ridges with guide channels of 2 diameters inner lamina: remove foil covering edentulous ridges, secure bur ends bilaterally - guides insertion of removable surgical acrylic resin template; outer lamina: remove palatal portion, prepare occlusal holes	posterior maxillary region with poor bone density; outer lamina contains radiopaque markers for radiographic evaluation and verify alignment of implants; inner lamina accepts 2 removable surgical guides bilaterally
Almog et al9.	Vertical lead strip guide; custom tray material/ auto polymerizing resin with vacuum-formed thermoplastic matrix (0.02 inch);	lead strip (2 mm) vertically on the lingual/ palatal wall of the buccal access groove;	CT	remove lead strip	surgical osteotomy but more error in the buccolingual placement
Almog et al9. Gutta-percha guide (figure 4);	custom tray material/ auto polymerizing resin with vacuum-formed thermoplastic matrix (0.02 inch);	gutta-percha	CT	remove gutta-percha	surgical osteotomy allowing for some surgical latitude in preparation of the osteotomy sites
Almog et al9 Metal sleeve guide (figure 5);	custom tray material or auto polymerizing resin	metal guide sleeves	CT		precise surgical osteotomy guide
Cehreli et al21	auto polymerizing acrylic resin	pins (1 mm diameter)	CT	attach internally stacked stainless steel guides	place implants in low-density bone; dual-purpose guide incorporating 3 drill guides
Alsa et al22	auto polymerizing acrylic resin	-	used when CT is not required for evaluation of buccolingual angulation of available bone; construct 4-mm thick flat horizontal plane	construct perpendicular resin plane on lingual side of the flat plane; prepare guide channels; transfer mesiodistal reference axis to the perpendicular partially	indicated in posterior edentulous mandible; reference axis on the perpendicular plane guides mesiodistal implant angulation; retracts the mucoperiosteal flap lingually improves site visualization
McArdle23	vacuum-formed thermoplastic matrix, light cured restorative material			restorative material forms guide core; prepare center guide channels	single tooth implant-supported restorations; flexible material
Koyanagi24 (Figure 6)	auto polymerizing acrylic resin	Orthodontic wire, stainless steel ball, gutta-percha point	conventional tomography	\| Laser weld orthodontic round tube to the front cap of a latch type contra-angle handpiece	template guides the head of the contra-angle handpiece, preventing the drill from contacting the template; allows objective assessment and determination of implant location, inclination, and depth for individual treatment cases
Kopp et al25 (Figure 7)	auto polymerizing acrylic resin	barium sulfate liquid coat, thin orthodontic wire (0.014-0.016 mm) glued to the buccal aspect	CT	modify surveyor table using a protractor secure 22-mm diameter milled cylinders in the template	cylinders guide pilot drill Buccal guide wire guides all future drills in the buccolingual and mesiodistal direction
Tsuchida et al26 (Figure 8)	auto polymerizing acrylic resin	silicone impression material	CT	remove silicone markers; remove buccal/ lingual portion of the surgical template	silicone markers: clear radiopaque markers that do not create artifacts in CT scanning
Windhorn27 (Figure 9)	light polymerizing custom tray material			use wooden stick as reference for molding resin around handpiece head	wooden stick simulate implant location and angulation 2-piece implant placement guide
Al-Harbi and Verrett28 (Figure 10)	auto polymerizing acrylic resin		CT of arch prior to extraction treatment planning using SimPlant software	; transfer planning data to surgical guide using milling machine; trim occlusal surgace and buccal flanges; maintain 5-mm coronal-apical thickness of resin;	for immediate implant placement following complete arch odontectomy; stable guide following staged tooth extraction
Arfai and Kiat-Amnuary29 (Figure 11)	auto polymerizing acrylic resin	brass rod (3/52 inch);	periapical radiography	remove the rods	placement of multiple implants in adequate osseous structure; dental surveyor improves accuracy
Wat et al30 (Figure 12)	auto polymerizing acrylic resin mixed with barium sulfate (ratio of 4:1)	barium sulfate cylindrical channels drilled at proposed implant sites in radiographic template	CT	remove non-salvageable teeth to modify guide; place guide on the mounted cast; connect to the record base fabricated on the opposing arch, using embedded stainless rods and tubes	convenient, economical, less traumatic, stable for edentulous arch opposing a partially edentulous arch, compatible with all implant systems
Oh and Saglik33	auto polymerizing acrylic resin (DPRD); attach vacuum-forming thermoplastic matrix (1 mm) to the DPRD using acrylic resin			trim buccal and lingual denture base extensions; prepare guide channels in the middle of acrylic resin teeth with buccal windows	thermoplastic sheet engages the remaining dentition, assists in an accurate orientation, and maintains the DPRD to serve as a surgical template; permits stable intraoral placement of denture for successful implant placement
Annibali et al32	auto polymerizing acrylic resin	stainless steel or titanium cylindrical	panoramic and periapical radiography, lateral cephalography, CT	cylindrical marker guides the pilot drill	uses silicone matrix that depicts the emergence profile and the ideal loading center of the proposed restoration

Table : Partially limiting design

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