Table 1 Study characteristics and MINORS scores|palmerah.implantgigi.com

Author	Year of publication	Study design	Outcome measure	Criteria—survival	Criteria—success	Quality assessment using the MINORS assessment tool	Head and neck cancer diagnosis	Patients age range	Follow-up period	Implant site	Implant system	Implant placement protocol	Prosthodontic rehabilitation
Studies with an average follow-up of 3 years or greater
Watzinger et al. [29]	1996	Retrospective observational	Implant survival in irradiated mandibles and Outcomes of Peri-implant bone	Not defined	N/A	7/16	SCC	Range = 41–79 years	Up to 3 years	Mandible	IMZ	Primary and secondary implant placement. Secondary placement 6 months after oncological reconstruction. Delayed loading of implants of at least 6 months.	Removable
Teoh et al. [26]	2005	Retrospective observational	Implant survival in the reconstructed mandible and prognostic factors.	Own—implant not removed then survived.	N/A	12/16	SCC, Osteogenic sarcoma, Benign tumours, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and other sarcomas	Mean = 42 years (range = 67–80.5 years)	Mean = 51.7 months (range = 1.3–138 months)	Mandible	Nobel and Osseotite	Delayed loading of implants 6 months after placement. Fixations screws removed prior to implant placement	Fixed and removable
Wu et al. [30]	2008	Retrospective observational	Clinical outcomes of dental implants placed in fibula free flaps for orofacial reconstruction	Own—implants still functioning with no mobility, pain or infection, but with peri-implant bone resorption more than 2 mm were classified as survived.	Albrektsson et al.1986	9/16	Benign and malignant head and neck tumours	Average 47.1 years	Average 47.8 months	Maxilla and mandible	ITI and Branemark	19 patients had primary implant placement 10 patients had secondary placement after oncological reconstruction. Delayed loading of implants of at least 3 months after placement.	Fixed and removable
Fenlon et al. [19]	2012	Retrospective observational	Implant survival	Poorly defined—implant osseointegrated and in situ then survived (usefulness of implant assessed using own 4-point index)	N/A	12/16	Cancer	Unknown	At least 3 years	Unknown	Nobel Biocare, Endopore, Astra and unknown implants	95 implants were primarily placed and 50 implants had secondary placement 3 months after oncological reconstruction.	Unknown
Ch’ng et al. [20]	2014	Retrospective observational	Implant survival, assess effect of risk factors associated with poor healing.	N/A	Own—implant success was defined as a painless and stable fixture without evidence of peri-implant infection or radiographic lack of osseointegration	12/16	SCC, recurrence, osteosarcoma, desmoid tumour, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma, MEC, hemangioma-endotheiloma	Median age = 59 years	Mean = 3.1 years	Unknown	Astra	Primary and secondary implant placement. Patients had implants placed prior to radiotherapy. Reconstruction plates and screws removed if hindering implant placement. Debulking of soft tissues and vestibuloplasty also carried out as required.	All removable
Shaw et al. [31]	2005	Retrospective observational	Implant survival and complications and surgical complications	N/A	Own—implant success was defined as remaining function, no mobility, pain or infection.	10/16	80% of patients SCC, other 20% unknown	Mean = 58 year (range = 15–80 years)	Mean = 3.5 years (range = 0.3/14 years)	Maxilla and mandible	Frialit II, IMZ, Branemark, and IMTEC	Secondary implant placement 1 year after oncological reconstruction. Delayed loading of implants of 3–6 months. Debulking of soft tissue and mucosal grafts carried out as required.	Fixed and removable
Wang et al. [21]	2015	Retrospective observational	Vertical bone Height—double barrel vs vertical distraction Osteogenesis in Fibula Free Flaps, Implant Survival and Success	Poorly defined - implant still in situ then survived.	Albrektsson et al.1986	12/16	Ameloblastoma and OKC	Range = 28–55 years	Mean = 42.5 months ± 4 months	Mandible	Straumann	Secondary implant placement after oncological reconstruction. Delayed loading of implants 3-5 months after placement. Distraction osteogenesis devices used as implants and restored.	All fixed
Yerit et al. [16]	2006	Retrospective observational	Implant survival in the mandible after radiotherapy and radical surgery in oral cancer patients.	N/A	Own - Implant Success when no complaints of the patient, no mobility, no peri-implant tissue inflammation and no peri-implant bone loss exceeding one-third of implant length was observed	10/16	Cancer of oral cavity (majority of the subjects having destructive oral squamous cell carcinomas stage T2–T4)	Range = 16–84.1 years	Mean = 5.42 years ± 3.21 years	Mandible	IMZ, Frialit II and Xive	Implant insertion at various intervals with the mean at 1.41 years after reconstruction. Delayed loading of implants of at least 6 months. Gingivoplasty and vestibuloplaty procedures carried out as required.	Removable
Linsen et al. [17]	2009	Retrospective observational	Survival of implants and implant-retained prostheses in patients after ablative surgery of oral cancer with or without adjunctive radiation therapy.	N/A	Kaplan et al. 1958	9/16	SCC, Ameloblastoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma, OKC, Carcinoma of other origins	Mean = 55.7 year (range = ± 16.25 years)	Mean = 47.99 months ± 134.31 months)	unknown	Branemark and Straumann	Delayed implant placement with an average of 41 months after oncological treatment. Delayed loading of implants of 4.9 months (average).	Fixed and removable
Studies with an average follow-up of less than 3 years or no average follow-up reported
Fierz et al. [25]	2013	Retrospective observational	Reports on surgical and prosthodontic rehabilitation after resection for oral oncology resection	Own—implant not removed then survived, those functioning given a ‘survival rating’	N/A	9/16	SCC, Adenocarcinoma and Others tumours	Mean = 57 year (range = ± 7.2 years)	Range = Less than 12 months up to 5 years	Maxilla and Mandible	Unknown	No described protocol.	Fixed and removable
Barrowman et al. [7]	2011	Retrospective observational	Audit experience of implant placement in jaws after oral cancer resection, Success of Prosthodontic Rehabilitation	Poorly defined - implant still in situ then survived	N/A	10/16	SCC, Verrucous Carcinoma, Osteosarcoma and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma	Range = 20–76 years	Up to 15 years	Maxilla and Mandible	Branemark	No described protocol.	Fixed and removable
Zou et al. [22]	2013	Retrospective observational	Long-term clinical outcomes on immediate or staged Implant Placement in iliac bone for restoring defects after tumour resection.	Own - Implants provided supportive function and were stable when torque tested	Albrektsson et al.1986	7/16	SCC, Ameloblastoma, OKC, Myxoma	Range = 24–61 years	Up to 12 years	Mandible	Nobel and Straumann	17 patients had primary implant placement 15 patients had secondary placement after oncological reconstruction. Delayed loading of implants of 5–6 months. Bone condensing was performed to enhance the bone density.	Fixed and removable
Schultes et al. [15]	2002	Retrospective observational	Stability of implants in microvascular free flaps	Poorly defined - implant still in situ then survived	N/A	8/16	Alveolar crest carcinoma T4	Average 58.2, 53.6 years	Up to 12 months	Mandible	SIS (Austria)	Implants placed 4 months after radiotherapy Delayed loading of implants of 4 months	All removable
Buddula et al. [24]	2010	Retrospective observational	Implant survival in irradiated bone	Own—implant present in oral cavity at time of data collection then deemed to have survived.	N/A	13/16	SCC, adenoid cystic carcinoma, BCC and unknown	Mean = 60.2 years	Up to 7 years	Maxilla and mandible	Unknown	Median time from ending radiotherapy to implant placement was 3.4 years.	Unknown
Klein et al. [32]	2009	Retrospective observational	Prognostic parameters for the rehabilitation of mandibular continuity defects with free autologous bone and dental implants for patients after intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma	N/A	Naert et al. 1992	11/16	SCC	Mean = 55.7 years	Not documented	Mandible	Unknown	Implants were principally placed into the following 4 tissue conditions: non-irradiated local bone, irradiated local bone, osteoplastic in non-irradiated tissue and osteoplastic in irradiated tissue.	Unknown
Burgess et al. [27]	2017	Retrospective observational	Implant survival in a variety of composite free flaps	Own—implant not removed then survived	N/A	10/16	Head and neck neoplasia	Average age at implantation was 51 years (range, 18–77 years)	At least 6 months follow-up	Maxilla and mandible	Neoss, Straumann Dentsply Sirona, South Africa - Head Office implants	Primary and secondary implant placement. The mean time to implant placement from reconstruction was 19 months (range, 0–141 months) with 2 patients (7 implants) having their implants placed into the fibula 6 weeks before harvesting.	Unknown
Chiapasco et al. [18]	2006	Retrospective observational	Fibula Free flap survival, implant survival	Albrektsson et al.1986	Albrektsson et al.1986	9/16	Rhabdomyosarcoma, sarcoma, SCC, osteosarcoma and ameloblastoma	Range = 13–66 years	Range = 24–106 months	Maxilla and mandible	Branemark, ITI and 3i	Placement using surgical guides. Secondary implant placement 3–12 months after oncological reconstruction. Implants immediately loaded in 2 patients. Delayed loading for the all other patients 3-6 months after placement.	Fixed and removable
Chiapasco et al. [23]	2008	Retrospective observational	Bone graft success, implant success, patient satisfaction	Own—similar to Albrektsson et al.1986 authors allow greater bone loss around implants.	Albrektsson et al.1986	7/16	Ameloblastoma, ossifying fibroma, cementoblastoma, myxoma, SCC, gigantocellular tumour, OKC and rhabdomyosarcoma.	Range = 17–54 years	Range = 48–132 months	Mandible	Straumann, Nobel biocare and Branemark	Placement using surgical guides. Secondary implant placement 4–7 months after oncological reconstruction. Delayed loading of implants 4-6 months after placement.	All fixed
Chiapasco et al. [33]	2000	Retrospective observational	Bone resorption of bone grafts, behaviour of bone around implants, implant failure	Albrektsson et al.1986	Albrektsson et al.1986	10/16	Ewing sarcoma, epidermoid carcinoma, cylindroma, desmoplastic fybroma, chondroblastic sarcoma, cementoblastoma, ameloblastoma, chondrosarcoma, ossifying fibroma, myxoma and giantocellular tumour	Range = 20–58 years	Range = 14–34 months	Maxilla and mandible	Branemark and ITI	Placement using surgical guides. Secondary implant placement 4–8 months after oncological reconstruction. Delayed loading of implants 4-6 months after placement.	Unknown
Hessling et al. [28]	2015	Retrospective observational	Implant survival, peri-implantitis	Poorly defined—implant still in situ then survived.	N/A	8/16	SCC and odontogenic tumours with malignant degeneration	Range = 18–77 years	Range = 3–82 months	Maxilla and mandible	Xive and templant	No described protocol.	Fixed and removable

Table 1 Study characteristics and MINORS scores

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