Fig. 9. Comparison of the CBD medians in the immediate implant and the control groups
Fig. 9. Comparison of the CBD medians in the immediate implant and the control groups
Fig. 8. Comparison of the CBD means in the immediate implant and the control groups
Fig. 8. Comparison of the CBD means in the immediate implant and the control groups
Fig. 7. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years for the control group
Fig. 7. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years for the control group
Fig. 6. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years for the immediate implant group
Fig. 6. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years for the immediate implant group
Fig. 5. Measurement specifications: clinical realization [6]
Fig. 5. Measurement specifications: clinical realization [6]
Fig. 4. Measurement specifications: outline [6]
Fig. 4. Measurement specifications: outline [6]
Fig. 3. Number of implants in the respective region (anterior region ranging from 13 to 23 and 33 to 43, and posterior region ranging from 18 to 14, 24 to 28, 38 to 34, and 44 to 48)
Fig. 3. Number of implants in the respective region (anterior region ranging from 13 to 23 and 33 to 43, and posterior region ranging from 18 to 14, 24 to 28, 38 to 34, and 44 to 48)
Fig. 2. Prosthodontic indications
Fig. 2. Prosthodontic indications
Fig. 1. On the left, the Tübingen ceramic implant; on the right, the Frialit stepped-screw implant. The transgingival part with the cervical groove of the Tübingen implant has been removed in the Frialit implant; this part is now replaced by a mirror-polished transgingival portion of the Frialit abutment; all the intraosseous portion of the implant has now a thread and is shaped like the origi...
IM vs. CG
Insertion
Prosthetic treatment
1st year after prosthetic treatment
2nd year after prosthetic treatment
...
Implant diameter and length
Formula for the calculation of the CBD
(CBD = coronal bone defect)
(DD = defect depth)
3.8 × 13 mm
CBD = DD + 5 mm
3.8 × 15 mm
CBD = DD + 7 mm
All other diameters
CBD = DD + 3.2 mm
Table 3 Formula for the CBD
Length (mm)
Diameter
10
13
15
3.8 mm
0
...
Age (year)
Gender
15–20
21–40
41–60
61–75
Fe...
Gomez-Roman, G., Launer, S. Peri-implant bone changes in immediate and non-immediate root-analog stepped implants—a matched comparative prospective study up to 10 years.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 15 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0048-0
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Received: 03 November 2015
Accepted: 14 May 2016
Published: 23 May 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen, D-72076, Germanyᅟ
German Gomez-Roman & Steffen Launer
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Correspondence to
German Gomez-Roman.
The study was supported by the German Society of Research, Special research project 175, Implantology (DFG—Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Sonderforschungsbereich 175, Implantologie). The authors of this study express their appreciation to Dr. Detlef Axmann for the expert advice in statistics.
GG-R conceived of the study and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the m...
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coronal bone defect (part of the implant that has no contact to the bone; a calculated value)
control group
defect depth visible in the radiographs
dots per inch
immediate implant group
interquartile range
The examination and comparison of the peri-implant bone situation in immediate implants and a control group of non-immediate implants that were matched following specific criteria over a long period of time (10 years) has shown statistically significant differences only at the time of insertion and for the Wilcoxon hypothesis in the second year after prosthetic treatment. In our study, immediate ...
When Quirynen et al. did their review on how the time difference between extraction or tooth loss and implantation affects the success of the implant, no significant difference could be found [27]. They as well as Ortega-Martínez et al. clearly demand more studies evaluating the bone situation for the future [28]. This question was the motivation for our study.
Studies that evaluate the peri-implant bone situation specifically in the Frialit 2 implant system were, among others, conducted by Krennmair et al. and Ricci et al. Krennmair et al. found a bone resorption of 1.4 ± 1.2 mm over their follow-up period [24], which compares to the results found in this study. Ricci et al. found a higher bone resorption of the crestal bone after a 5-year follow-...
The fact that the used measurement protocol is reliable has been proven in former studies [7, 8].
The use of intraoral radiographs as well as panoramic radiographs is an accepted method for the peri-implant bone evaluation [11–13]. The radiographic distortions present in panoramic imaging are well known; however, according to several studies, panoramic images are suitable to assess the crestal ...
The primary objective of this study was the assessment of the peri-implant bone situation in immediate implants over a long-term period up to 10 years and to compare it to the situation found in matched non-immediate implants because there are no similar studies published. The hypothesis was that both the immediate implantation and the implantation after a healing period using the Frialit 2 impla...
Comparing the medians (Fig. 9) of the IM and CG, a difference of 0.7 mm at the time of insertion is visible. The respective values were 0 mm for the CG and 0.7 mm for the IM group. While at the time the patients received their definite restorations, a difference of only 0.3 mm was recorded (0.9 mm for IM and 0.6 mm for CG).
Over the years after definite restorations were emplaced, the medi...
The corresponding group of non-immediate implants was named the control group (CG) and analyzed the same way, and the results are shown in Fig. 7.
Like the immediate implant group, the mean values for the CG mainly stayed stable. At the time of insertion, a value of 0.6 mm was found, which was a little smaller than the value found at the time of the prosthetic treatment (1.0 mm). The maximum v...
For the evaluation of the received data, immediate and non-immediate implants were first examined separately.
The immediate implant (IM) group and its CBD plotted against the time, starting at the time of insertion, is shown in Fig. 6. One can see that the data are quite homogeneous.
The arithmetic means of the CBD range from 1.0 to 1.9 mm, most of them lying between 1.1 and 1.5 mm. The lowes...
After this, the data set was imported into the Excel program (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA 980526399, USA) for further breakdown. For the final examination of the observed values, the mesial and distal CBD was compared. Since there were no larger differences of the values, the mesial and distal CBD were averaged and this was used for further assessment. The gained results were visualized usi...
The protocol used for measuring the distances in every radiograph was described by the author [6] and is outlined in Figs. 4 and 5. Crucial is the determination of a reliable reference line for every implant type. Rather than measuring only the bone level, the “coronal bone defect,” described by the author in 1995 [6], is assessed, which is the extent to which the part of the implant that is ...
One hundred and thirty-three patients receiving 174 implants were selected: 87 immediate implants (IM) and as a matched group 87 implants that were inserted in healed bone (control group (CG)).
The mean age of the patients in this study was 42 years, the youngest patient being 15 years old and the oldest 75 years at the time they received their implant. A gender and age distribution of all ins...
All patients within this study were treated at the Dental School of the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen between the 22nd of February in 1991 and the 24th of October in 2005. Every patient received at least one Frialit implant. The study protocol of the study was approved by the German Society of Research (Sonderforschungsbereich 175 Implantologie). Informed consent was obtained from all pat...
The present study was designed as a retrospective long-term study which compares the peri-implant bone situation of immediate implants and non-immediate implants as a control group (matched with specific criteria) using reliable measurement specifications [6–8]. The hypothesis was that both the immediate implantation and the implantation after a healing period using the Frialit 2 implant system ...
The success of dental implants has become more and more predictable since Brånemark first observed what he later called osseointegration, in 1960 [1], meaning the direct structural and functional interlocking of the natural bone and titanium implant surfaces. With implantation becoming a predictable treatment for dental restorations, patients also have become more critical towards the esthetic ou...
The purpose of this retrospective long-term study was to evaluate the peri-implant bone changes in immediate implants and matched non-immediate implants as a control group using a specific and proven measurement protocol over a 10-year period, because there are no similar studies published.
One hundred and thirty-three patients received 174 implants (immediate implants (IM) n = 87; control gr...