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Table 5 Bacterial and fu...

Patient M. salivarium V. parvula S. aureus P. gingivalis P. micra T. forsythia Fungal organisms 1 7.05E + 01 7.00E + 01 - ...

Table 4 Bacterial and fu...

Patient M. salivarium V. parvula S. aureus P. gingivalis P. micra T. forsythia Fungal organisms 1 - 2.26E + 03 - 1...

Table 3 Bacterial and fu...

Patient Severity M. salivarium V. parvula S. aureus P. gingivalis P. micra T. forsythia Fungal organisms 1 i-m - 7.96E + 04 ...

Table 2 Overview of fung...

Species Gene Primer/probe Sequences (5′-3′) Aspergillus spp. plus ITS2 aspe-F CTG TCC GAG CGT CAT TG Penicillium spp.   pen1-F ...

Table 1 Overview of bact...

Species Gene Primer/probe Sequences (5′-3′) Mycoplasma salivarium rpoB msali-F CCG TCA AAT GAT TTC GAT TGC    msali-R GAA CTG CTT GAC GTT GCA TGT T ...

About this article : Real-time PCR analysis of fun...

Schwarz, F., Becker, K., Rahn, S. et al. Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organisms and bacterial species at peri-implantitis sites. Int J Implant Dent 1, 9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-015-0010-6 Download citation Received: 16 January 2015 Accepted: 11 March 2015 Published: 21 April 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-015-0010-6

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Frank Schwarz, Kathrin Becker, Sebastian Rahn, Andrea Hegewald, Klaus Pfeffer, and Birgit Henrich declare that they have no competing interests. FS, BH, and KP have made substantial contributions to study conception and design, analysis, and interpretation of data as well as manuscript preparation. KB performed the statistical analysis. AH and SR were involved in data acquisition. All authors rea...

Author information : Real-time PCR analysis of fun...

Department of Oral Surgery, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany Frank Schwarz & Andrea Hegewald Department of Orthodontics, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany Kathrin Becker Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University, Univer...

Acknowledgements : Real-time PCR analysis of funga...

We kindly appreciate the skills and commitment of Ms. Dana Belick (Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf) in the DNA preparation and bacterial analysis and the Jürgen Manchot Foundation for financial support.

References : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

Hultin M, Gustafsson A, Hallstrom H, Johansson LA, Ekfeldt A, Klinge B. Microbiological findings and host response in patients with peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13:349–58. Engel LD, Kenny GE. Mycoplasma salivarium in human gingival sulci. J Periodontal Res. 1970;5:163–71. Jarvensivu A, Hietanen J, Rautemaa R, Sorsa T, Richardson M. Candida yeasts in chronic periodontitis ti...

References : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

McDonald RR, Antonishyn NA, Hansen T, Snook LA, Nagle E, Mulvey MR, et al. Development of a triplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin genes in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:6147–9. Morillo JM, Lau L, Sanz M, Herrera D, Martin C, Silva A. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction based on si...

References : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

Lindhe J, Meyle J, Group DoEWoP. Peri-implant diseases: consensus report of the sixth European workshop on periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:282–5. Mombelli A, Decaillet F. The characteristics of biofilms in peri-implant disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38 Suppl 11:203–13. Heitz-Mayfield LJ. Peri-implant diseases: diagnosis and risk indicators. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:292–30...

Abbreviations : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal o...

Bleeding on probing Mycoplasma salivarium Porphyromonas gingivalis Parvimonas micra Probing pocket depth Staphylococcus aureus Tannerella forsythia Veillonella parvula

Conclusions : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal org...

Within the limitations of the present analysis, it was concluded that Candida spp. and other fungal organisms were frequently identified at peri-implantitis as well as healthy implant sites and co-colonized with P. micra and T. forsythia.

Discussion : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

Furthermore, the present analysis failed to identify any significant correlation of either fungal organisms or disease severity with opportunistic bacteria, such as M. salivarium, V. parvula, and S. aureus. At tooth sites, M. salivarium was mainly isolated from the sulcus area and associated with gingivitis lesions [27]. Interestingly, S. aureus has only been identified at one single peri-implanti...

Discussion : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

The present study aimed at analyzing and correlating fungal organisms with several periodontopathogenic and opportunistic bacterial species at peri-implantitis sites using real-time PCR. These outcomes were compared with those noted at healthy implant sites as well as teeth with a history of periodontitis. Basically, the present analysis has pointed to a high prevalence of fungal organisms in sub...

Results : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

The Kendall-Tau-b coefficients failed to reveal any significant correlations between the presence of fungal organisms and the proportions of M. salivarium (0.25), V. parvula (0.34), P. gingivalis (0.60), P. micra (0.32), T. forsythia (0.12), and S. aureus (0.66) (P > 0.05, respectively).

Results : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

According to the given definition, the present analysis was based on a total of n = 13 initial to moderate and n = 6 advanced peri-implantitis lesions (n = 19 patients), 10 healthy implant sites (n = 10 patients), as well as 10 teeth with a history of periodontitis (n = 10 out of 19 patients suffering from peri-implantitis). The analysis of fungal organisms as well as of M. sa...

Methods : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

The statistical analysis was performed using a commercially available software program (SPSS Statistics 22.0, IBM Corp., Ehningen, Germany). Kendall-Tau-b correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the dependence between fungal organisms, bacterial species as well as disease severity (i.e., initial to moderate and advanced sites). Results were considered statistically significant at P 

Methods : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

In the peri-implantitis group, one additional subgingival plaque sample was obtained from partially edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis (n = 10) and obtained at a tooth exhibiting the highest PD but no signs of acute periodontal disease (i.e., BOP/no suppuration). None of these teeth were located adjacent to the sampled implant sites. The control samples were also prepared for ...

Methods : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

A total of 29 partially or fully edentulous patients were consecutively recruited from the Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, between April 2013 and July 2014. Nineteen patients (7 men and 13 women; mean age 58.8 ± 12.6 years) suffered from initial to moderate or advanced peri-implantitis, while ten patients (6 men and 4 women; mean age 55.2 ± 1...

Background : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

There is considerable evidence supporting the view that peri-implant diseases are infectious in nature and mainly linked to an uncontrolled accumulation of bacterial plaque biofilms [1]. Basically, diseased implant sites are dominated by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and therefore feature microbiological characteristics similar to those noted for chronic periodontal infections [2]. Even though ...

Abstract : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organi...

The potential role of fungal organisms and their co-aggregation with either periodontopathogens or opportunistic pathogens at peri-implantitis sites is unknown. The aim of the present study was to qualitatively/quantitatively analyze and correlate fungal organisms and bacterial species at peri-implantitis sites. In a total of 29 patients, submucosal/subgingival plaque samples were collected at pe...