Fig. 8. EDS 5 min
Fig. 8. EDS 5 min
Fig. 7. EDS 3 min
Fig. 7. EDS 3 min
Fig. 6. EDS 1 min
Fig. 6. EDS 1 min
Fig. 5. EDS control
Fig. 5. EDS control
Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min
Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min
Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min
Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min
Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min
Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min
Fig. 1. Group control
Fig. 1. Group control
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
15.07
26.19
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
10.43
23.42
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
4.12
15.29
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
4.79
18.86
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
8.54
31.34
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
4.47
19.93
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
8.02
38.2
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
8.22
37.21
...
Groups
Plasma electrolytic oxidation—time (min)
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
1
–
–
2
1
ΔU = 160 to 200 V
≅0.18
3
3
ΔU = 160 to 280 V
≅0.19
4
5
ΔU = 160 to 300 V
≅0.18
Table 1 Distribution of groups
Goularte, M.A.P.C., Barbosa, G.F., da Cruz, N.C. et al. Achieving surface chemical and morphologic alterations on tantalum by plasma electrolytic oxidation.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2
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Received: 18 November 2015
Accepted: 12 April 2016
Published: 16 April 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
MAPCG contributed to the concept/design, data collection, data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. GFB carried out the data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. NCC contributed to the dat...
Department of Prosthodontics, Implantology Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 06, Partenon, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Marcelo Augusto Pinto Cardoso Goularte
Clinical Department, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Torres (ULBRA-TORRES), Rua Universitária, 1900, Parque do Balonismo, CEP 95560-000, Torres, RS, Brazil
Gustavo Frain...
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Bauer S, Schmuki P, von der Mark K, et al. Engineering biocompatible implant surfaces part I: ...
Thus, this study has examined the possibility of activating an alteration surface in tantalum using the anodizing process, which is effective in other metals like titanium. From our findings, it was possible to develop time exposure protocols in order to obtain conductive surface alterations similar to those already available from some of the largest manufacturers of oral implants. Scanning electr...
The search for new biomaterials and biocompatible metals has always been a common objective of human rehabilitation research centers. In implant dentistry, titanium has successfully established itself as the material of choice for dental implants. However, several studies have reported cases of metal allergy caused by titanium-containing materials [15–17] and some immune dysfunctions in certain ...
Tables 2 and 3 show similar rates among the chemical elements present on the non-treated tantalum surface—group 1 (Fig. 5). In Tables 4 and 5 (group 2), calcium (Ca) is included. The rates for the other chemical elements are similar to the rates in group 1 (Fig. 6). In Tables 6 and 7, group 3 sample shows the basic chemicals present in previous groups and similar rates (Fig. 7). Two chemic...
The analysis of the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the changes on the surface of tantalum strips according to different exposure times. In Fig. 1, we can observe Ta surface with grooves resulting from the machining of the metal with no surface treatment. As the magnitude increases, the image shows the lines pattern with its peculiar characteristics from the manufacturin...
Within a 50-mL tank, the electrolytic solution as described above received a voltage variation of 160 V initial tension at zero time and a final tension at the preset end-time for each group of samples. There was a gradual increase in voltage due to the maintenance of a fairly constant current at around 0.15 to 0.25 A. The electrolytic solution was periodically changed to prevent solution satura...
We used 60 strip-shaped samples of tantalum with the following dimensions: 7 mm wide, 11 mm long, and 0.01 mm thick (Kurt J. Lesker Company—USA, 99.95 % purity). The samples were washed in distilled water and placed in an ultrasonic tank containing acetone (Ultra Sonic-1440 Plus—Odontobrás, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil) to remove residues. Then, they were divided into four groups: in group ...
In this way and following the successful results already obtained with Titanium, this study aimed to develop an oxidized surface layer on Tantalum samples and, subsequently, analyze the samples’ topography and levels of salt deposition using an electronic microscope.
The use of materials that come into direct contact with human tissues such as the bone requires maximum biological security. These materials remain for a long period of time or even indefinitely in the human body, and no negative reactions, like toxicity or carcinogenic effects, shall be acceptable.
For this reason, biocompatibility of new materials has been widely studied, and only after a lot o...
Search for materials that may either replace titanium dental implants or constitute an alternative as a new dental implant material has been widely studied. As well, the search for optimum biocompatible metal surfaces remains crucial. So, the aim of this work is to develop an oxidized surface layer on tantalum using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) similar to those existing on oral implants bee...