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Table 2 Clinical studies included : To what extent...

  Patients Intervention Follow-up Outcome Study Reference No. Agea No. of implants Position Supra-structure   Change Declarations (DAVIS et al. 1999) [17] 44 61.2 NG Symphyseal Fixed 6.6 Ya VBH (−.8 to +3.3 mm) – R (Powers et al. 1994) [32] 146 52 NG TMI Fixed 18–51 M BF (+2 to 9 mm) – R (Adell et al. 1981) [58] 410 53 276...

Table 1 Systematic search strategy : To what exten...

Focus question In patient with implant restoration, what is the chance of residual alveolar ridge preserving and bone formation in the adaptive remodeling and what are the features of this preservation? Search strategy  Population #1—edentulous patient  Intervention #2—implant OR overdenture OR fixed bridge OR transmandibular implant OR full rehabilitation  O...

About this article : To what extent residual alveo...

Khalifa, A.K., Wada, M., Ikebe, K. et al. To what extent residual alveolar ridge can be preserved by implant? A systematic review. Int J Implant Dent 2, 22 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0057-z Download citation Received: 21 May 2016 Accepted: 16 November 2016 Published: 23 November 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0057-z

Rights and permissions : To what extent residual a...

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Author information : To what extent residual alveo...

Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 68 ElGomhoria Street, ElMansoura, 35516, Egypt Ahmed Khalifa Khalifa Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan Ahmed Khalifa Khalifa, Masahiro Wada, Kazunori Ikebe & Yoshinobu Maeda You can also searc...

References : To what extent residual alveolar ridg...

Murphy WM, Williams KR, Gregory MC. Stress in bone adjacent to dental implants. J Oral Rehabil. 1995;22(12):897–903. Chou HY, Jagodnik JJ, Müftü S. Predictions of bone remodeling around dental implant systems. J Biomech. 2008;41(6):1365–73. Chang S-H, Huang S-R, Huang S-F, Lin C-L. Mechanical response comparison in an implant overdenture retained by ball attachments on conventional regular...

References : To what extent residual alveolar ridg...

Kremer U, Schindler S, Enkling N, Worni A, Katsoulis J, Mericske-Stern R. Bone resorption in different parts of the mandible in patients restored with an implant overdenture. A retrospective radiographic analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(3):267-72. von Wowern N, Gotfredsen K. Implant-supported overdentures, a prevention of bone loss in edentulous mandibles? A 5-year follow-up study. Clin ...

References : To what extent residual alveolar ridg...

de Jong MHM, Wright PS, Meijer HJA, Tymstra N. Posterior mandibular residual ridge resorption in patients with overdentures supported by two or four endosseous implants in a 10-year prospective comparative study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2010;25(6):1168–74. Jacobs R, Schotte A, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M, Naert I. Posterior jaw bone resorption in osseointegrated implant-supported over...

References : To what extent residual alveolar ridg...

Block MS, Kent JN, Finger IM. Use of the integral implant for overdenture stabilization. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;5(2):140–7. Norton MR, Gamble C. Bone classification: an objective scale of bone density using the computerized tomography scan. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001;12(1):79–84. de Oliveira RCG, Leles CR, Normanha LM, Lindh C, Ribeiro-Rotta RF. Assessments of trabecular bone...

References : To what extent residual alveolar ridg...

Cowin SC. Bone stress adaptation models. J Biomech Eng. 1993;115(4B):528. Byrne G. Fundamentals of implant dentistry. New Jersey: Wiley; 2014. 264 p. Traini T, Degidi M, Iezzi G, Artese L, Piattelli A. Comparative evaluation of the peri-implant bone tissue mineral density around unloaded titanium dental implants. J Dent. 2007;35(1):84–92. Hoshaw SJ, Brunski JB, Cochran GVB. Mechanical loading...

References : To what extent residual alveolar ridg...

Roberts WE, Helm FR, Marshall KJ, Gongloff RK. Rigid endosseous implants for orthodontic and orthopedic anchorage. Angle Orthod. 1989;59(4):247–56. Roberts WE, Smith RK, Zilberman Y, Mozsary PG, Smith RS. Osseous adaptation to continuous loading of rigid endosseous implants. Am J Orthod. 1984;86(2):95–111. Wyatt CCLL. The effect of prosthodontic treatment on alveolar bone loss: a review of t...

References : To what extent residual alveolar ridg...

Klemetti E, Kolmakow S. Morphology of the mandibular cortex on panoramic radiographs as an indicator of bone quality. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 1997;26(1):22–5. Ortman LF, McHenry K, Hausmann E. Relationship between alveolar bone measured by 125I absorptiometry with analysis of standardized radiographs: 2. Bjorn technique. J Periodontol. 1982;53(5):311–4. Davis WH, Lam PS, Marshall MW, Dorc...

References : To what extent residual alveolar ridg...

Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C. The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):661–9. Nowjack-Raymer RE, Sheiham A. Association of edentulism and diet and Nutrition in US adults. J Dent Res. 2003;82(2):123–6. Araújo MG, Lindhe J. Dimensional ridge alterations following tooth extraction. An experimental study in ...

Conclusions : To what extent residual alveolar rid...

Within the limitation of this review and based on previous studies, implant restoration has a noticeable residual alveolar ridge preservation which varies from reducing rate of physiologic resorption to bone apposition. However, the extension of this preservation from the implant to surrounding bony area, horizontally and vertically, is unknown. So, further studies are needed to elaborate the exte...

Review : To what extent residual alveolar ridge ca...

As most of the previous studies declared the favorable bone preservation of the residual alveolar ridge anteriorly around implants, biomechanically, and according to finite element analysis, bone modifying shows variations depending on the cancellous or cortical nature. Bone density is enhanced gradually from the third month to the end of the first year of loading coming stable after 30 months. W...

Review : To what extent residual alveolar ridge ca...

Despite age-related [71], local and/or systemic factors causing prolonged ridge resorption [9], authors reported the probability of preservative effect and overhaul to maintain the residual alveolar ridge with different restoration [70, 71]. In the previous study, bone formation was noticed with the distal implant in severely resorbed atrophied mandibular ridge [20]. Sennerby et al. [72] concluded...

Review : To what extent residual alveolar ridge ca...

Many procedures are used to recover denture foundation, but the majority is considered sophisticated techniques [51–53]. Observations tried to notify bone modifications with different types of implant-assisted restoration [23, 40, 54]. The clinical and radiographic investigations, detection of the altered mineral levels, or bone density within the bone may give a valuable data for the bony state...

Review : To what extent residual alveolar ridge ca...

Bone changes were reported after implant placement in three phases: healing, remodeling, and equilibrium. The remodeling phase is launched confronting the altered pattern of force transmission to the bone tissue. To withstand the applied functional load, continuous remodeling is conducted to reach a “steady state.” Mechanical stimulus is the primary bone modifier influenced by other in situ va...

Review : To what extent residual alveolar ridge ca...

Apparently, there is an enduring adaptive process surrounding the implant which sustains the rigid interface between alveolar bone and implant after non-destructive surgical and loading procedures. Like other body bones, and according to Wolff’s law, bone has the ability to differentiate with different stresses applied [22]. This reform is started from the time of surgical conduction of implant ...

Review : To what extent residual alveolar ridge ca...

The required documents were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid databases. For expanding the traces of researching, further readings for the bibliography of the relevant publications and hand searching for some denoted articles were done. The keywords, for intervention and outcome, used in research engines in databases as “implant overdenture,” “implant bone resorption,” “alv...

Review : To what extent residual alveolar ridge ca...

Edentulism is rated between 7 and 69% internationally [1]. Many biological and non-bilogical predisposing factors lead to the main result of edentulism [2]. Regardless the debate to understand the way of resorption [3], the loss of periodontal ligament by tooth extraction leaves alveolar bone without a chance of reformation which leads to bone resorption only. The resorption shows variation in rat...

Abstract : To what extent residual alveolar ridge ...

It has been reported that the load for (or to) implant-supported restoration may lead to bone remodeling as bone resorption and/or formation. While many authors supported the process of bone resorption, others elaborated bone apposition and increasing bone density close and remote to implant body (or fixture). This may suggest the role of the implant to reserve alveolar ridge from physiologic/path...

Radiographic height reduction

Figure 45. Radiographic height reduction The mean crestal height change as assessed on the radiographs was 1.53 mm.

Mean height reduction

  Figure 44. Mean height reduction   The mean reduction in height was approximately 1.7 mm.  

Mean width reduction

      Figure 43. Mean width reduction   The weighted means showed that the clinical loss in width is greater than the loss in height. The mean reduction in width of the alveolar ridge was calculated to be approximately 4 mm.  

Dimensional change in alveolar bone

Figure 42. Dimensional change in alveolar bone A recent systematic review evaluated the amount of change in height and width of the residual ridge after tooth extraction.

Ridge of edentulous site

Figure 20. Ridge of edentulous site The outer walls of the alveolar ridge consist of cortical bone. The buccal bone plate is comparatively thinner than the lingual or palatal plate. The cortical plates enclose trabecular bone that consists of bony trabeculae and marrow. As a rule, the ridge of an edentulous site in the maxilla contains comparatively more trabecular bone than a site in the man...

Alveolar ridge

Figure 19. Bone resorption forms alveolar ridge The term alveolar ridge refers to the alveolar bone following loss of teeth. After a tooth is extracted, the alveolar process heals with formation of bone within the socket and external resorption or shrinkage of the bone, forming the alveolar ridge. 

Cortical bone

Figure 14. Cortical bone The cortical bone is comprised of functional units called osteons that consist of concentric lamellae and canaliculi surrounding a central Haversian canal.

Outer cortical plate

Figure 13. Cortical plate   The cortical plates of the supporting bone are continuous with the alveolar bone proper lining the tooth sockets. The cortical plates are thicker in the mandible than in the maxilla, and they are thickest in the molar and premolar regions of the mandible.

Alveolar bone proper

Figure 10. Alveolar bone proper The gross anatomic term is alveolar bone proper, which is synonymous with the term cribriform plate, so-called because it is perforated by many minute openings for vascular and nervous components.

Bundle bone

Figure 9. Alveolar bone proper The histologic term for alveolar bone proper is bundle bone. In histologic sections, the alveolar bone proper appears as a thin lamella of cortical bone lined with bundle bone. Extrinsic collagen fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament known as Sharpey's fibers are embedded into the bundle bone. Their purpose is to connect the bundle bone with the root cementu...

Alveolar bone proper: Attachment apparatus

Figure 11. Attachment apparatus As shown in this histologic section, bundle bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum form an anatomic unit. When a tooth is extracted, the cementum and much of the periodontal ligament are removed. The bundle bone resorbs after tooth extraction.

Lamina dura

Figure 9. Lamina dura The radiographic term for alveolar bone proper is lamina dura. This structure appears more dense than adjacent bone on radiographs. Widening or disruption of the lamina dura may indicate periodontal pathology.

Different terms for the alveolar bone proper

Figure 8. Different terms for the alveolar bone proper There are several different terms used to describe the alveolar bone proper. The gross anatomic term is alveolar bone proper, which is synonymous with the term cribriform plate, so-called because it is perforated by many minute openings for vascular and nervous components. The histologic term is bundle bone. In histologic sections, the ...