Numerous techniques, including socket augmentation, onlay and inlay (veneer) bone grafts, ridge expansion osteotomy (REO), GBR, maxillary sinus floor elevation and bone grafting, and orthodontics, have been employed to enhance the amount of bone. Unfortunately, there is no prospective study on randomized material to quantify the value of different treatments, and all of these operations are technique-sensitive. It is challenging to compare the impact of various materials and approaches in clinical practice with regard to successful graft operation.

Although the geometry of each alveolar defect may be the most essential concern for clinicians, there are several things to consider before beginning treatment. Around the surgical fields, clinicians should be aware of potential interactions between these factors, including the origin of growth factors, the significance of extracellular matrix, the role of inflammatory cells, the behavioral science of osteoblasts, and the macro- and micro-structure of the bony substitutes to be used. In order to compare the variations and avoid unforeseen consequences following bone grafting treatments, clinicians should be more knowledgeable about histologic results rather than concentrating solely on clinical outcomes after surgery.