Introduction

Every dentist in the world does dental extractions on a regular basis. Estimates of the percentage of dental procedures that involve tooth extractions vary by nation and may be different in Western and non-Western nations. For instance, a survey of 17,784 Swiss patients between the ages of 15 and 74 revealed that extractions accounted for 5.4% of all dental procedures. According to a Brazilian study, dental extractions of permanent teeth accounted for 10.2% (n = 161,812,852) of all dental procedures performed between 1998 and 2012. Generally speaking, caries is regarded as the primary indication for extractions. There have also been reports of other indications, including periodontitis, endodontic issues, orthodontic considerations, eruption failure, dental trauma, aesthetics, and other medical justifications for treatment (e.g., removal of dental foci prior to immunotherapy or radiotherapy treatment). There are, however, no current summaries or estimations of the relative importance of the reasons or indications for extractions in general, as well as the reasons related to time, culture, and location.

Sometimes, for financial, religious, or cultural reasons, or out of dental anxiety, patients ask their dentist or oral (and maxillofacial) surgeon to extract their teeth. The pressure on the practitioner to comply with these requests might be great, even when they might not align with the "standard of care" offered by a good healthcare provider. Professional associations have created several codes of conduct to do this, but none of them particularly address choices about dental extractions (except from a third molar). One could also argue that since dental extraction is an irreversible procedure, it is crucial to closely adhere to the health care provider's decision-making process. Understanding how frequently these circumstances occur can aid in the creation of policies that assist oral surgeons and dentists in defining moral and legal dilemmas, assisting them in making decisions, and addressing requests for extractions.

The primary causes of adult permanent tooth extractions are evaluated in this systematic review. Accordingly, we seek to identify possible variations in the causes of extractions across time and investigate regional or cultural variations. Finding an estimate of the frequency of requests for dental extractions of permanent teeth on nondental and nonmedical grounds, as well as the percentage of such requests (such as patient requests) that were denied, is the second goal of the current study.