2. Alloplastic grafts' attributes and range

Different approaches were taken in the development of alloplastic bone, from manufacturing to microstructure. OsteonTM (Genoss), a Korean-made alloplastic bone substance, is an illustration of their evolution. With pore sizes ranging from 300 to 500 μm, Osteon I (the original model of Osteon), which corresponds to the hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold created using the replica approach, demonstrated 77% porosity. This had little usage in particle form but shown great qualities in block form when released with a tricalcium phosphate (TCP) covering.

Osteon II changed into a reinforced microstructure with tiny pores (less than 250 μm) and interconnective porosity. The sacrificial template method was used to create this biphasic scaffold (HA-TCP), which contained 70% resorbable TCP. However, it was challenging to totally eliminate the contaminants in the production process; as a result, more development is required. The identical biphasic scaffold, Osteon III, was produced with enhanced bone production by a more straightforward air-bubble approach.