Acknowledgements : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up
The authors thank the Department of Hydraulic Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany, for helping with the computerised simulations.
Nothing to declare
The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available at the repository of the University Medical Centre Mainz, Germany, and can be provided on request.
PK had substantial contribution to both conception and study design and acquisition of data and played a leading role in coordinating and drafting the manuscript. DT participated in both the statistical analysis and interpretation of data and played a major role in drafting the manuscript. AA helped to draft the manuscript by critically revising it for intellectual content. WG participated in the acquisition of data and helped to draft the manuscript. BR was involved in drafting the manuscript by revising it critically for intellectual content. A-NB and KM have made substantial contribution to conception and study design and played a leading role in drafting the manuscript by revising it critically for intellectual content. KM has given final approval of the version to be published. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors Kämmerer P.W., Thiem D.G.E., Alshihri A., Wittstock G.H., Bader R., Al-Nawas B. and Klein M.O. declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Serial posts:
- Background : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [1]
- Background : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [2]
- Methods : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [1]
- Methods : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [2]
- Results : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [1]
- Results : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [2]
- Discussion : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [1]
- Discussion : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [2]
- Discussion : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [3]
- Conclusions : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up
- Abbreviations : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up
- References : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [1]
- References : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [2]
- References : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [3]
- References : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [4]
- Acknowledgements : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up
- Author information : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [1]
- Author information : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up [2]
- Rights and permissions : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up
- About this article : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up
- Table 1 Listing of the single components of the flow chamber together with manufacturers’ data : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up
- Table 2 Listing of the culture media and additives together with manufacturers’ data : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant surfaces—establishment of a novel experimental set up
- Fig. 1. Three-dimensional illustration (a–e) and photography (f) of the experimental setup with the components marked numerical. a1 Lower petri dish (s’ bottom serving as the lower plate); 2 Rotating glass panel [60 mm diameter (cell bearing)]; 3 Titanium axis. b4 Liquid medium (red). c5 Reversed upper petri dish. d6 Gearwheel with set screw. e7 Closing; 8 Electronic motor device and adjusting ring with additional set screw : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant
- Fig. 2. Side view of a computerized simulation, showing the flow chambers’ lower compartment and the flow profile in between the two plates; shearing gap and bottom plate are shown on the left side; rotation speed = 200 rpm; colour code bar (left edge) showing shear force values [Pa] [1 Pa = 10 dyn/cm2]; flow direction presented by arrows : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant
- Fig. 3. Diagram for visualisation of the calculation of shear stress rates taking into account the centrifugal force and the glass plates’ dimensions. For example, at a distance of 25 mm from the centre of the upper plate, the shear forces’ value is 8.33 dyn/cm2, together with an additional centrifugal force that has a value of 0.55 dyn/cm2 : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant
- Fig. 4. Randomly orientated osteoblasts without influence of rotation (phallacidin fluorescence staining). On the left side with 200× and on the right side with 400× magnification. The white X on the coloured circle marks the location upon the plate where the osteoblasts were located. The red X marks the centre of the plate : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant
- Fig. 5. Osteoblasts with an orientation tendency after 24 h of rotation (phallacidin fluorescence staining). On the left side with 200× and on the right side with 400× magnification. The yellow arrows show the orientation of the cells. The red arched arrow within the coloured circle shows the direction of rotation. The dashed white line oriented to the right stands for the resulting centrifugal force. The dashed white line pointing upwards shows the direction of the resulting flow resistance. The solid white arrow stands for the vectorial sum of the abovementioned forces : Cellular fluid shear stress on implant