Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

Motohiro Otsuki, Masahiro Wada, Yoshinobu Maeda & Kazunori Ikebe

Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan

Masaya Yamaguchi & Shigetada Kawabata

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MO, MW, YM, and KI were responsible for the conceptualization. MO and MW had a role in data collection. MO, MW, MW, and KI analyzed collected data. MO and MW wrote the original draft. SK, YM, and KI were involved in the critical reading and review of the manuscript. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Correspondence to Masahiro Wada.