The connective tissue seal around the abutment is crucial for perimplant health. Several efforts have previously been made to optimize abutment surfaces, though without consensus on the ideal surface features. Blasquez et al. [11] have shown in their systematic review that different types of surface modifications for implant abutments may provide benefit to the surrounding connective tissue, which generally corroborate the results reported herein. It is noteworthy that different methodologies and cell types, together with different types of acid solutions, might lead to different outcomes compared to the present study.

Cao et al. [25] with the aim of investigating the effects of different decontamination treatments on the microstructure of titanium surfaces as well as the proliferation and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts showed that proliferation and adhesive strength were higher in the machined surfaces than on treated surfaces. These results led the group to conclude that proliferation and adhesion increases as surface roughness decreases.