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Fig. 3. Quantification of type I collagen via ELIS...

Fig. 3. Quantification of type I collagen via ELISA. Data representative of the experiment run in triplicate. Values are expressed as mean (± SD). The asterisk symbol indicates a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05)

Fig. 2. a Cell proliferation in gingival fibroblas...

Fig. 2. a Cell proliferation in gingival fibroblasts at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The line chart represents the means and standard deviations from three separate experiments. b Cell viability assay in gingival fibroblast at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The line chart represents the means and standard deviations from three separate experiments. The values are expressed in means (± SD). The as...

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy and laser int...

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy and laser interferometry. a, d Machined surface. b, e 20-min acid treatment. c, f 60-min acid treatment. Original magnification, × 15,000

About this article : Viability and collagen secret...

de Souza, V.Z., Manfro, R., Joly, J.C. et al. Viability and collagen secretion by fibroblasts on titanium surfaces with different acid-etching protocols. Int J Implant Dent 5, 41 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0192-4 Download citation Received: 09 August 2019 Accepted: 24 October 2019 Published: 21 November 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0192-4

Rights and permissions : Viability and collagen se...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Viability and collagen se...

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Ethics declarations : Viability and collagen secre...

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas/SP (protocol No. 59866216.6.0000.5374). Not applicable. Vilton Zimmermann de Souza, Rafael Manfro, Júlio César Joly, Carlos Nelson Elias, Daiane Cristina Peruzzo, Marcelo Henrique Napimoga, and Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez state that they have no conflicts of interest.

Author information : Viability and collagen secret...

VZS and EFM interpreted and analyzed the data collected, contributed to the drafting of the paper and revised it critically, and were major contributors in writing the manuscript. RM, JCJ, and CNE contributed to the concept/design of the study and the final manuscript. DCP and MHN critically revised and contributed to the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version to be publ...

Author information : Viability and collagen secret...

Division of Implantology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil Vilton Zimmermann de Souza, Júlio César Joly & Daiane Cristina Peruzzo Division of Implantology, SOEBRÁS, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil Rafael Manfro Materials Science Department, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Carlos Nelson Elias Division of Immunology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic,...

Funding : Viability and collagen secretion by fibr...

The funding received for this study was from the researcher himself.

Acknowledgements : Viability and collagen secretio...

The authors wish to thank Mrs. Pollyanna Tombini Montaldi for her excellent technical expertise and assistance.

References : Viability and collagen secretion by f...

Velasco-Ortega E, Alfonso-Rodríguez CA, Monsalve-Guil L, España-López A, Jiménez-Guerra A, Garzón I, Alaminos M, Gil FJ. Relevant aspects in the surface properties in titanium dental implants for the cellular viability. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;64:1–10. Cao J, Wang T, Pu Y, Tang Z, Meng H. Influence on proliferation and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts from different tit...

References : Viability and collagen secretion by f...

Martinez EF, Araújo VC. In vitro immunoexpression of extracellular matrix proteins in dental pulpal and gingival human fibroblasts. Int Endod J. 2004;37(11):749–55. Lee HJ, Lee J, Lee JT, Hong JS, Lim BS, Park HJ, Kim YK, Kim TI. Microgrooves on titanium surface affect peri-implant cell adhesion and soft tissue sealing; an in vitro and in vivo study. J Periodontal Implant Sci. ...

References : Viability and collagen secretion by f...

Chai WL, Moharamzadeh K, Brook IM, Van Noort R. A review of histomorphometric analysis techniques for assessing implant-soft tissue interface. Biotech Histochem. 2011;86(4):242–54. Buser D, Weber HP, Donath K, Fiorellini JP, Paquette DW, Williams RC. Soft tissue reactions to non-submerged unloaded titanium implants in beagle dogs. J Periodontol. 1992;63(3):225–35. Schierano G, Ramieri G, Cor...

Availability of data and materials : Viability and...

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Conclusions : Viability and collagen secretion by ...

Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that the acid treatments used did not compromise cell growth nor collagen synthesis by gingival fibroblasts compared to machined titanium. The cost-benefit of manufacturing prosthetic abutments with treated surfaces should however be considered. In addition, in vitro studies using human keratinocytes and histological studies in vivo should be pe...

Discussion : Viability and collagen secretion by f...

The connective tissue seal around the abutment is crucial for perimplant health. Several efforts have previously been made to optimize abutment surfaces, though without consensus on the ideal surface features. Blasquez et al. [11] have shown in their systematic review that different types of surface modifications for implant abutments may provide benefit to the surrounding connective tissue, which...

Discussion : Viability and collagen secretion by f...

The results showed that, regardless of the treatment used, there was no difference in the values of cell proliferation in the different times of analysis. Similarly, cell viability values did not differ, especially after 24 h and 72 h. Corroborating the results of this study, Baltriukiene et al. [17] used grade 2 titanium disks with different surface treatments and demonstrated that the modifi...

Discussion : Viability and collagen secretion by f...

Implant dentistry has for years focused on studying the interface between the bone and implant, searching for a suitable seal to prevent the advance of perimplant disease. Long-term prognosis of dental implants, however, depends not only on osseointegration, but also on the quality of the seal between the mucosa and the implant abutment [13]. The seal provided by the contact between mucosal tissu...

Results : Viability and collagen secretion by fibr...

The results showed that acid treatment of the titanium surfaces for 20 or 60 min did not affect cell proliferation, either after 24 h (p = 0.484), 48 h (p = 0.698), or 72 h (p = 0.287) (Fig. 2a). For the cell viability test, loss of viability was observed for the machined surface after 48 h of culture compared to the groups submitted to acid treatment for 20 or 60 min, which did not...

Material and methods : Viability and collagen secr...

The experiments were repeated three times, under the same conditions, to ensure accuracy. Quantification of secreted type I collagen by fibroblast cultures on to the different surfaces was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 336g for 10 min. Type I collagen quantification was carried out using the Human Type I Collagen kit (R&...

Material and methods : Viability and collagen secr...

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas/SP (protocol No. 59866216.6.0000.5374). Titanium disks were commercially pure, grade 4 (n = 108), measuring 6 mm in diameter by 2 mm in thickness, provided by the company Conexão Sistemas de Próteses (Arujá, São Paulo). For the treatment of titanium disk surfaces, sulfuric, ni...

Introduction : Viability and collagen secretion by...

Consolidation of surface treatments for dental implants and knowledge on the cellular mechanisms of osseointegration has propelled research on the sealing capacity of bone to implant surfaces. Although osseointegration is extremely important for implant success, biological sealing of the perimplantar connective tissue is crucial to maintain success in the long-term because it acts as a first barri...

Fig. 8. EDS 5 min : Achieving surface chemical an...

Fig. 8. EDS 5 min Fig. 8. EDS 5 min

Fig. 7. EDS 3 min : Achieving surface chemical an...

Fig. 7. EDS 3 min Fig. 7. EDS 3 min

Fig. 6. EDS 1 min : Achieving surface chemical an...

Fig. 6. EDS 1 min Fig. 6. EDS 1 min

Fig. 5. EDS control : Achieving surface chemical a...

Fig. 5. EDS control Fig. 5. EDS control

Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min : Achieving surface chemi...

Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min

Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min : Achieving surface chemi...

Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min

Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min : Achieving surface chemi...

Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min

Fig. 1. Group control : Achieving surface chemical...

Fig. 1. Group control Fig. 1. Group control

Table 9 Chemical analysis of surface (group 4 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 15.07 26.19 ...

Table 8 Chemical analysis of surface (group 4 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 10.43 23.42 ...

Table 7 Chemical analysis of surface (group 3 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 4.12 15.29 ...

Table 6 Chemical analysis of surface (group 3 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 4.79 18.86 ...

Table 5 Chemical analysis of surface (group 2 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 8.54 31.34 ...

Table 4 Chemical analysis of surface (group 2 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 4.47 19.93 ...

Table 3 Chemical analysis of surface (group 1 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 8.02 38.2 ...

Table 2 Chemical analysis of surface (group 1 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 8.22 37.21 ...

Table 1 Distribution of groups : Achieving surface...

Groups Plasma electrolytic oxidation—time (min) Voltage (V) Current (A) 1 – –   2 1 ΔU = 160 to 200 V ≅0.18 3 3 ΔU = 160 to 280 V ≅0.19 4 5 ΔU = 160 to 300 V ≅0.18   Table 1 Distribution of groups

About this article : Achieving surface chemical an...

Goularte, M.A.P.C., Barbosa, G.F., da Cruz, N.C. et al. Achieving surface chemical and morphologic alterations on tantalum by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Int J Implant Dent 2, 12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2 Download citation Received: 18 November 2015 Accepted: 12 April 2016 Published: 16 April 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2

Rights and permissions : Achieving surface chemica...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Achieving surface chemica...

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. MAPCG contributed to the concept/design, data collection, data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. GFB carried out the data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. NCC contributed to the dat...

Author information : Achieving surface chemical an...

Department of Prosthodontics, Implantology Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 06, Partenon, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Marcelo Augusto Pinto Cardoso Goularte Clinical Department, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Torres (ULBRA-TORRES), Rua Universitária, 1900, Parque do Balonismo, CEP 95560-000, Torres, RS, Brazil Gustavo Frain...

References : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

Yerokhin AL, Nie X, Leyland A, Matthews A, Dowey SJ. Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;122(2-3):73–93. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00441-7. Hosoki M, Nishigawa K, Miyamoto Y, Ohe G, Matsuka Y. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by titanium screws and dental implants. J Prosthodont Res. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.12.004. [Epub ahead of print]. Goutam M, Giri...

References : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

Gittens RA, Olivares-Navarrete R, Cheng A, Anderson DM, McLachlan T, Stephan I, et al. The roles of titanium surface micro/nanotopography and wettability on the differential response of human osteoblast lineage cells. Acta Biomater. 2013;9(4):6268–77. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.002. Epub 2012 Dec 8. Bauer S, Schmuki P, von der Mark K, et al. Engineering biocompatible implant surfaces part I: ...

Discussion and conclusions : Achieving surface che...

Thus, this study has examined the possibility of activating an alteration surface in tantalum using the anodizing process, which is effective in other metals like titanium. From our findings, it was possible to develop time exposure protocols in order to obtain conductive surface alterations similar to those already available from some of the largest manufacturers of oral implants. Scanning electr...

Discussion and conclusions : Achieving surface che...

The search for new biomaterials and biocompatible metals has always been a common objective of human rehabilitation research centers. In implant dentistry, titanium has successfully established itself as the material of choice for dental implants. However, several studies have reported cases of metal allergy caused by titanium-containing materials [15–17] and some immune dysfunctions in certain ...

Results : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

Tables 2 and 3 show similar rates among the chemical elements present on the non-treated tantalum surface—group 1 (Fig. 5). In Tables 4 and 5 (group 2), calcium (Ca) is included. The rates for the other chemical elements are similar to the rates in group 1 (Fig. 6). In Tables 6 and 7, group 3 sample shows the basic chemicals present in previous groups and similar rates (Fig. 7). Two chemic...

Results : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

The analysis of the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the changes on the surface of tantalum strips according to different exposure times. In Fig. 1, we can observe Ta surface with grooves resulting from the machining of the metal with no surface treatment. As the magnitude increases, the image shows the lines pattern with its peculiar characteristics from the manufacturin...

Methods : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

Within a 50-mL tank, the electrolytic solution as described above received a voltage variation of 160 V initial tension at zero time and a final tension at the preset end-time for each group of samples. There was a gradual increase in voltage due to the maintenance of a fairly constant current at around 0.15 to 0.25 A. The electrolytic solution was periodically changed to prevent solution satura...

Methods : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

We used 60 strip-shaped samples of tantalum with the following dimensions: 7 mm wide, 11 mm long, and 0.01 mm thick (Kurt J. Lesker Company—USA, 99.95 % purity). The samples were washed in distilled water and placed in an ultrasonic tank containing acetone (Ultra Sonic-1440 Plus—Odontobrás, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil) to remove residues. Then, they were divided into four groups: in group ...

Background : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

In this way and following the successful results already obtained with Titanium, this study aimed to develop an oxidized surface layer on Tantalum samples and, subsequently, analyze the samples’ topography and levels of salt deposition using an electronic microscope.

Background : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

The use of materials that come into direct contact with human tissues such as the bone requires maximum biological security. These materials remain for a long period of time or even indefinitely in the human body, and no negative reactions, like toxicity or carcinogenic effects, shall be acceptable. For this reason, biocompatibility of new materials has been widely studied, and only after a lot o...

Abstract : Achieving surface chemical and morpholo...

Search for materials that may either replace titanium dental implants or constitute an alternative as a new dental implant material has been widely studied. As well, the search for optimum biocompatible metal surfaces remains crucial. So, the aim of this work is to develop an oxidized surface layer on tantalum using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) similar to those existing on oral implants bee...