Fig. 3. Quantification of type I collagen via ELISA. Data representative of the experiment run in triplicate. Values are expressed as mean (± SD). The asterisk symbol indicates a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05)
Fig. 2. a Cell proliferation in gingival fibroblasts at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The line chart represents the means and standard deviations from three separate experiments. b Cell viability assay in gingival fibroblast at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The line chart represents the means and standard deviations from three separate experiments. The values are expressed in means (± SD). The as...
Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy and laser interferometry. a, d Machined surface. b, e 20-min acid treatment. c, f 60-min acid treatment. Original magnification, × 15,000
de Souza, V.Z., Manfro, R., Joly, J.C. et al. Viability and collagen secretion by fibroblasts on titanium surfaces with different acid-etching protocols.
Int J Implant Dent 5, 41 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0192-4
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Received: 09 August 2019
Accepted: 24 October 2019
Published: 21 November 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0192-4
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
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This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas/SP (protocol No. 59866216.6.0000.5374).
Not applicable.
Vilton Zimmermann de Souza, Rafael Manfro, Júlio César Joly, Carlos Nelson Elias, Daiane Cristina Peruzzo, Marcelo Henrique Napimoga, and Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez state that they have no conflicts of interest.
VZS and EFM interpreted and analyzed the data collected, contributed to the drafting of the paper and revised it critically, and were major contributors in writing the manuscript. RM, JCJ, and CNE contributed to the concept/design of the study and the final manuscript. DCP and MHN critically revised and contributed to the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version to be publ...
Division of Implantology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Vilton Zimmermann de Souza, Júlio César Joly & Daiane Cristina Peruzzo
Division of Implantology, SOEBRÁS, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
Rafael Manfro
Materials Science Department, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Carlos Nelson Elias
Division of Immunology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic,...
The funding received for this study was from the researcher himself.
The authors wish to thank Mrs. Pollyanna Tombini Montaldi for her excellent technical expertise and assistance.
Velasco-Ortega E, Alfonso-Rodríguez CA, Monsalve-Guil L, España-López A, Jiménez-Guerra A, Garzón I, Alaminos M, Gil FJ. Relevant aspects in the surface properties in titanium dental implants for the cellular viability. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;64:1–10.
Cao J, Wang T, Pu Y, Tang Z, Meng H. Influence on proliferation and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts from different tit...
Martinez EF, Araújo VC. In vitro immunoexpression of extracellular matrix proteins in dental pulpal and gingival human fibroblasts. Int Endod J. 2004;37(11):749–55.
Lee HJ, Lee J, Lee JT, Hong JS, Lim BS, Park HJ, Kim YK, Kim TI. Microgrooves on titanium surface affect peri-implant cell adhesion and soft tissue sealing; an in vitro and in vivo study. J Periodontal Implant Sci. ...
Chai WL, Moharamzadeh K, Brook IM, Van Noort R. A review of histomorphometric analysis techniques for assessing implant-soft tissue interface. Biotech Histochem. 2011;86(4):242–54.
Buser D, Weber HP, Donath K, Fiorellini JP, Paquette DW, Williams RC. Soft tissue reactions to non-submerged unloaded titanium implants in beagle dogs. J Periodontol. 1992;63(3):225–35.
Schierano G, Ramieri G, Cor...
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that the acid treatments used did not compromise cell growth nor collagen synthesis by gingival fibroblasts compared to machined titanium. The cost-benefit of manufacturing prosthetic abutments with treated surfaces should however be considered. In addition, in vitro studies using human keratinocytes and histological studies in vivo should be pe...
The connective tissue seal around the abutment is crucial for perimplant health. Several efforts have previously been made to optimize abutment surfaces, though without consensus on the ideal surface features. Blasquez et al. [11] have shown in their systematic review that different types of surface modifications for implant abutments may provide benefit to the surrounding connective tissue, which...
The results showed that, regardless of the treatment used, there was no difference in the values of cell proliferation in the different times of analysis. Similarly, cell viability values did not differ, especially after 24 h and 72 h. Corroborating the results of this study, Baltriukiene et al. [17] used grade 2 titanium disks with different surface treatments and demonstrated that the modifi...
Implant dentistry has for years focused on studying the interface between the bone and implant, searching for a suitable seal to prevent the advance of perimplant disease. Long-term prognosis of dental implants, however, depends not only on osseointegration, but also on the quality of the seal between the mucosa and the implant abutment [13].
The seal provided by the contact between mucosal tissu...
The results showed that acid treatment of the titanium surfaces for 20 or 60 min did not affect cell proliferation, either after 24 h (p = 0.484), 48 h (p = 0.698), or 72 h (p = 0.287) (Fig. 2a).
For the cell viability test, loss of viability was observed for the machined surface after 48 h of culture compared to the groups submitted to acid treatment for 20 or 60 min, which did not...
The experiments were repeated three times, under the same conditions, to ensure accuracy.
Quantification of secreted type I collagen by fibroblast cultures on to the different surfaces was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 336g for 10 min. Type I collagen quantification was carried out using the Human Type I Collagen kit (R&...
This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas/SP (protocol No. 59866216.6.0000.5374). Titanium disks were commercially pure, grade 4 (n = 108), measuring 6 mm in diameter by 2 mm in thickness, provided by the company Conexão Sistemas de Próteses (Arujá, São Paulo).
For the treatment of titanium disk surfaces, sulfuric, ni...
Consolidation of surface treatments for dental implants and knowledge on the cellular mechanisms of osseointegration has propelled research on the sealing capacity of bone to implant surfaces. Although osseointegration is extremely important for implant success, biological sealing of the perimplantar connective tissue is crucial to maintain success in the long-term because it acts as a first barri...
Fig. 8. EDS 5 min
Fig. 8. EDS 5 min
Fig. 7. EDS 3 min
Fig. 7. EDS 3 min
Fig. 6. EDS 1 min
Fig. 6. EDS 1 min
Fig. 5. EDS control
Fig. 5. EDS control
Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min
Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min
Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min
Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min
Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min
Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min
Fig. 1. Group control
Fig. 1. Group control
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
15.07
26.19
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
10.43
23.42
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
4.12
15.29
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
4.79
18.86
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
8.54
31.34
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
4.47
19.93
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
8.02
38.2
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
8.22
37.21
...
Groups
Plasma electrolytic oxidation—time (min)
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
1
–
–
2
1
ΔU = 160 to 200 V
≅0.18
3
3
ΔU = 160 to 280 V
≅0.19
4
5
ΔU = 160 to 300 V
≅0.18
Table 1 Distribution of groups
Goularte, M.A.P.C., Barbosa, G.F., da Cruz, N.C. et al. Achieving surface chemical and morphologic alterations on tantalum by plasma electrolytic oxidation.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2
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Received: 18 November 2015
Accepted: 12 April 2016
Published: 16 April 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
MAPCG contributed to the concept/design, data collection, data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. GFB carried out the data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. NCC contributed to the dat...
Department of Prosthodontics, Implantology Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 06, Partenon, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Marcelo Augusto Pinto Cardoso Goularte
Clinical Department, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Torres (ULBRA-TORRES), Rua Universitária, 1900, Parque do Balonismo, CEP 95560-000, Torres, RS, Brazil
Gustavo Frain...
Yerokhin AL, Nie X, Leyland A, Matthews A, Dowey SJ. Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;122(2-3):73–93. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00441-7.
Hosoki M, Nishigawa K, Miyamoto Y, Ohe G, Matsuka Y. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by titanium screws and dental implants. J Prosthodont Res. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.12.004. [Epub ahead of print].
Goutam M, Giri...
Gittens RA, Olivares-Navarrete R, Cheng A, Anderson DM, McLachlan T, Stephan I, et al. The roles of titanium surface micro/nanotopography and wettability on the differential response of human osteoblast lineage cells. Acta Biomater. 2013;9(4):6268–77. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.002. Epub 2012 Dec 8.
Bauer S, Schmuki P, von der Mark K, et al. Engineering biocompatible implant surfaces part I: ...
Thus, this study has examined the possibility of activating an alteration surface in tantalum using the anodizing process, which is effective in other metals like titanium. From our findings, it was possible to develop time exposure protocols in order to obtain conductive surface alterations similar to those already available from some of the largest manufacturers of oral implants. Scanning electr...
The search for new biomaterials and biocompatible metals has always been a common objective of human rehabilitation research centers. In implant dentistry, titanium has successfully established itself as the material of choice for dental implants. However, several studies have reported cases of metal allergy caused by titanium-containing materials [15–17] and some immune dysfunctions in certain ...
Tables 2 and 3 show similar rates among the chemical elements present on the non-treated tantalum surface—group 1 (Fig. 5). In Tables 4 and 5 (group 2), calcium (Ca) is included. The rates for the other chemical elements are similar to the rates in group 1 (Fig. 6). In Tables 6 and 7, group 3 sample shows the basic chemicals present in previous groups and similar rates (Fig. 7). Two chemic...
The analysis of the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the changes on the surface of tantalum strips according to different exposure times. In Fig. 1, we can observe Ta surface with grooves resulting from the machining of the metal with no surface treatment. As the magnitude increases, the image shows the lines pattern with its peculiar characteristics from the manufacturin...
Within a 50-mL tank, the electrolytic solution as described above received a voltage variation of 160 V initial tension at zero time and a final tension at the preset end-time for each group of samples. There was a gradual increase in voltage due to the maintenance of a fairly constant current at around 0.15 to 0.25 A. The electrolytic solution was periodically changed to prevent solution satura...
We used 60 strip-shaped samples of tantalum with the following dimensions: 7 mm wide, 11 mm long, and 0.01 mm thick (Kurt J. Lesker Company—USA, 99.95 % purity). The samples were washed in distilled water and placed in an ultrasonic tank containing acetone (Ultra Sonic-1440 Plus—Odontobrás, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil) to remove residues. Then, they were divided into four groups: in group ...
In this way and following the successful results already obtained with Titanium, this study aimed to develop an oxidized surface layer on Tantalum samples and, subsequently, analyze the samples’ topography and levels of salt deposition using an electronic microscope.
The use of materials that come into direct contact with human tissues such as the bone requires maximum biological security. These materials remain for a long period of time or even indefinitely in the human body, and no negative reactions, like toxicity or carcinogenic effects, shall be acceptable.
For this reason, biocompatibility of new materials has been widely studied, and only after a lot o...
Search for materials that may either replace titanium dental implants or constitute an alternative as a new dental implant material has been widely studied. As well, the search for optimum biocompatible metal surfaces remains crucial. So, the aim of this work is to develop an oxidized surface layer on tantalum using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) similar to those existing on oral implants bee...