This study followed the PRISMA statement guidelines and is registered at PROSPERO under registration code CRD42018093063. A review protocol does not exist.

The listed PICO question is used in the present systematic search strategy. The electronic data resources consulted were PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, including all published clinical studies until May 2018. The results were limited to studies written in English.

The following terms were imported in the search strategy on PubMed/MEDLINE: dental AND (implant OR implants OR implantation OR implantology) AND (surface OR surfaces) AND (periodontics OR periodontology OR periodontal disease). The following terms were used in the search strategy on the Cochrane Library: ((((dental AND (implant) OR implants) OR implantation) OR implantology)) AND ((((surface) OR surfaces) OR surface topography)) AND (((periodontics) OR periodontology) OR periodontal disease).

Eligibility criteria included human randomized and non-randomized controlled trials and prospective and retrospective cohort studies. All periodontally compromised patients studied should be successfully periodontally treated and enrolled in a high-quality maintenance care program after completion of active treatment. At least ten patients had to be examined. Only studies with a follow-up of at least 3 years were included. Studies with orthodontic implants, immediate placed and/or loaded implants, and implants placed in combination with sinus floor elevation were excluded. Also, case reports, technical reports, animal studies, cadaver studies, in vitro studies, and review papers were rejected.

Two reviewers (A.D. and A.T.) screened all identified titles and abstracts independently. In addition, the reference lists of the subsequently selected abstracts and the bibliographies of the systematic reviews were searched manually. For studies appearing to meet the inclusion criteria, or for which insufficient data in the title and abstract was available, the full text was obtained. Disagreements were solved through discussion between the authors. Finally, the full-text evaluation of the remaining publications was done using the above-listed inclusion and exclusion criteria.