Open hour: senin - sabtu 09:00:00 - 20:00:00; minggu & tanggal merah tutup

Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification...

Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 30 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant (group A). Right side: laser-treated implant Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 30 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant ...

Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification...

Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 15 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant (group A). Right side: laser-treated implant Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 15 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant ...

Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement...

Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement in sheep iliac crest (left side). All implant groups were inserted in the same bone host Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement in sheep iliac crest (left side). All implant groups were inserted in the same bone host

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group C implant surface Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group C implant surface

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group B implant surface Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group B implant surface

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group A implant surface Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group A implant surface

Table 3 Mean BIC% value of each group after 30 d...

Group BIC% (mean ± SD) A 50.31 ± 13.44 B 56.53 ± 13.62 C 20.54 ± 11.06   Table 3 Mean BIC% value of each group after 30 days of healing

Table 2 Mean BIC% value of each group after 15 d...

Group BIC% (mean ± SD) A 39.08 ± 15.85 B 37.35 ± 15.76 C 25.28 ± 8.97   Table 2 Mean BIC% value of each group after 15 days of healing

Table 1 Implants details of both groups: screw pit...

 Group A implantsGroup B implantsGroup C implantsScrew pitch1.25 mm0.6 mm0.6 mmSmooth neck2.8 mm0.25 mm0.25 mmSurface treatmentLarge grit-blasted and acid-etched SLA surface, processed to a high degree of hydrophilicity (SLActive®)Laser surface characterized by a series of 20 μm diameter holes (7–10 μm deep) every 10 μm (Syntegra®)Machined surfaceSurface roughness (Ra)1.5...

About this article : Comparative evaluation among ...

De Tullio, I., Berardini, M., Di Iorio, D. et al. Comparative evaluation among laser-treated, machined, and sandblasted/acid-etched implant surfaces: an in vivo histologic analysis on sheep. Int J Implant Dent 6, 7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0204-4 Download citation Received: 30 August 2019 Accepted: 24 December 2019 Published: 19 February 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40...

Rights and permissions : Comparative evaluation am...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Comparative evaluation am...

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ethics declarations : Comparative evaluation among...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol, according to the guidelines established by the European Union Council Directive of February 2013 (R.D.53/2013) (protocol number 3809). The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the st...

Author information : Comparative evaluation among ...

Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy I. De Tullio, F. Perfetti & G. Perfetti Pescara, Italy M. Berardini Foggia, Italy D. Di Iorio You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You c...

Funding : Comparative evaluation among laser-treat...

No grants were received for the present study.

Acknowledgements : Comparative evaluation among la...

The authors wish to thank the company Geass s.r.l. for providing implants used in the present study.

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Piattelli A, Manzon L, Scarano A, Paolantonio M, Piattelli M. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis of the bone response to machined and sandblasted titanium implants: an experimental study in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:805–10. Lee JT, Cho SA. Biomechanical evaluation of laser-etched Ti implant surfaces vs. chemically modified SLA Ti implant surfaces: Removal torque an...

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Gaggl A, Schultes G, Muller WD, Karcher H. Scanning electron microscopical analysis of laser-treated titanium implant surfaces. A comparative study. Biomaterials. 2000;21(10):1067–73. Bonsignore LA, Colbrunn RW, Tatro JM, Messerschmitt PJ, Hernandez CJ, Goldberg VM, Stewart MC, Greenfield EM. Surface contaminants inhibit osseointegration in a novel murine model. Bone. 2011;49(5):923–30. Peng...

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(2):155–70. Puleo DA, Nanci A. Understanding and controlling the bone-implant interface. Biomaterials. 1999;20(23-24):2311–21. Huang MS, Chen LK, Ou KL, et al. Rapid osseointegration of titanium...

Availability of data and materials : Comparative e...

All data and materials are available at University Chieti-Pescara, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Conclusions : Comparative evaluation among laser-t...

Results from the present in vivo analysis revealed that both sandblasted and acid-etched titanium implants and laser-treated titanium implants, compared to the machined ones, have higher values of osseointegration in less healing time. Indeed, both groups A and B at 15 days had higher values of the BIC% if compared to group C and were able to significantly increase their BIC% in the passage fro...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Data showed by the present study suggest that laser and sandblasted and acid-etched surface treatments could enhance the osteogenic bone formation by “contact,” already observed by other authors [20, 21]. Another interesting emerging datum is the observation of BIC% changes between 15 and 30 days: it is possible to assume that between the fifteenth and the thirtieth day, most part of the pe...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

In the present study, the iliac crest of the sheep was chosen as a model because the site is characterized by a cancellous bone rich in marrow spaces, similar for quality to D4 density. This bone model appears superimposable to postero-lateral sectors of the human upper jaw that often represents a hard challenge for implant osseointegration due to low bone density. Bone quality, in fact, is a key...

Results : Comparative evaluation among laser-treat...

All implants resulted clinically integrated and stable into the bone tissue. No signs of tissue inflammation or infection were detected. At low magnification, all the samples appeared surrounded by new tissue. The distinction between native tissue and newly formed bone was not clear, likely due to the fact that the latter is still in an initial forming phase. In the machined samples (group C) bon...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

Measurement of the total length of the left half of the fixture; Measurement of the contact area between bone and implant in the left half of the fixture; Measurement of the total length of the right half of the fixture; and Measurement of the contact area between bone and implant in the right half of the fixture. Afterwards, the sum of parameters A and C represented the total length of the wh...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

Implant drilling procedures were carried out using the drill sequence recommended by the manufacturer. The drill speed was set at 700 rpm under continuous sterile saline solution irrigation (stored at + 4 °C). Implants were inserted with an insertion torque peak between 28 and 34 Ncm. Each animal received three implants of each group. The suture of deep muscle planes was performed with poly...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol, which followed guidelines established by the European Union Council Directive of February 2013 (R.D.53/2013). A total of 36 implants were used in the present study. Implants had different macro-geometries and surfaces and they were divided into three groups of...

Introduction : Comparative evaluation among laser-...

In addition, some animal studies [15, 16] found an increased removal torque in laser processed implants compared to machined surface implants inserted. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the osseointegration process, in terms of bone to implant contact percentage (BIC%), of three different implants surface (machined, sandblasted and acid-etched, and laser-treated) both after 15 and 30...

Introduction : Comparative evaluation among laser-...

Dental implant surfaces represent one of the key factors that could influence the osseointegration processes [1]. Puleo et al. [2] confirmed that the surface topography, as well as the chemical nature and the implant macro and micro geometry, is involved in creating a clinical and histological efficient bone-implant interface. It was demonstrated that different superficial treatments could affect ...

Abstract : Comparative evaluation among laser-trea...

The aim of the present in vivo analysis was to evaluate the osseointegration process of titanium implants with three different surfaces (machined, sandblasted and acid-etched, and laser-treated) after 15 and 30 days of healing period. Thirty-six implants with different surfaces were placed in the iliac crest of four Bergamasca sheep. The implant surfaces tested were sandblasted and acid-etched ...

Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification...

Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 30 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant (group A). Right side: laser-treated implant Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 30 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant ...

Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification...

Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 15 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant (group A). Right side: laser-treated implant Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 15 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant ...

Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement...

Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement in sheep iliac crest (left side). All implant groups were inserted in the same bone host Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement in sheep iliac crest (left side). All implant groups were inserted in the same bone host

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group C implant surface Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group C implant surface

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group B implant surface Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group B implant surface

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group A implant surface Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group A implant surface

Table 3 Mean BIC% value of each group after 30 d...

GroupBIC% (mean ± SD)A50.31 ± 13.44B56.53 ± 13.62C20.54 ± 11.06Table 3 Mean BIC% value of each group after 30 days of healing

Table 2 Mean BIC% value of each group after 15 d...

Group BIC% (mean ± SD) A 39.08 ± 15.85 B 37.35 ± 15.76 C 25.28 ± 8.97   Table 2 Mean BIC% value of each group after 15 days of healing

Table 1 Implants details of both groups: screw pit...

 Group A implantsGroup B implantsGroup C implantsScrew pitch1.25 mm0.6 mm0.6 mmSmooth neck2.8 mm0.25 mm0.25 mmSurface treatmentLarge grit-blasted and acid-etched SLA surface, processed to a high degree of hydrophilicity (SLActive®)Laser surface characterized by a series of 20 μm diameter holes (7–10 μm deep) every 10 μm (Syntegra®)Machined surfaceSurface roughness (Ra)1.5...

About this article : Comparative evaluation among ...

De Tullio, I., Berardini, M., Di Iorio, D. et al. Comparative evaluation among laser-treated, machined, and sandblasted/acid-etched implant surfaces: an in vivo histologic analysis on sheep. Int J Implant Dent 6, 7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0204-4 Download citation Received: 30 August 2019 Accepted: 24 December 2019 Published: 19 February 2020 DOI: https:...

Rights and permissions : Comparative evaluation am...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Comparative evaluation am...

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ethics declarations : Comparative evaluation among...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol, according to the guidelines established by the European Union Council Directive of February 2013 (R.D.53/2013) (protocol number 3809). The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the st...

Author information : Comparative evaluation among ...

Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy I. De Tullio, F. Perfetti & G. Perfetti Pescara, Italy M. Berardini Foggia, Italy D. Di Iorio You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You c...

Funding : Comparative evaluation among laser-treat...

No grants were received for the present study.

Acknowledgements : Comparative evaluation among la...

The authors wish to thank the company Geass s.r.l. for providing implants used in the present study.

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Piattelli A, Manzon L, Scarano A, Paolantonio M, Piattelli M. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis of the bone response to machined and sandblasted titanium implants: an experimental study in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:805–10. Lee JT, Cho SA. Biomechanical evaluation of laser-etched Ti implant surfaces vs. chemically modified SLA Ti implant surfaces: Removal torque an...

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Gaggl A, Schultes G, Muller WD, Karcher H. Scanning electron microscopical analysis of laser-treated titanium implant surfaces. A comparative study. Biomaterials. 2000;21(10):1067–73. Bonsignore LA, Colbrunn RW, Tatro JM, Messerschmitt PJ, Hernandez CJ, Goldberg VM, Stewart MC, Greenfield EM. Surface contaminants inhibit osseointegration in a novel murine model. Bone. 2011;49(5):923–30. Peng...

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(2):155–70. Puleo DA, Nanci A. Understanding and controlling the bone-implant interface. Biomaterials. 1999;20(23-24):2311–21. Huang MS, Chen LK, Ou KL, et al. Rapid osseointegration of titanium...

Availability of data and materials : Comparative e...

All data and materials are available at University Chieti-Pescara, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Conclusions : Comparative evaluation among laser-t...

Results from the present in vivo analysis revealed that both sandblasted and acid-etched titanium implants and laser-treated titanium implants, compared to the machined ones, have higher values of osseointegration in less healing time. Indeed, both groups A and B at 15 days had higher values of the BIC% if compared to group C and were able to significantly increase their BIC% in the passage fro...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Data showed by the present study suggest that laser and sandblasted and acid-etched surface treatments could enhance the osteogenic bone formation by “contact,” already observed by other authors [20, 21]. Another interesting emerging datum is the observation of BIC% changes between 15 and 30 days: it is possible to assume that between the fifteenth and the thirtieth day, most part of the pe...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

In the present study, the iliac crest of the sheep was chosen as a model because the site is characterized by a cancellous bone rich in marrow spaces, similar for quality to D4 density. This bone model appears superimposable to postero-lateral sectors of the human upper jaw that often represents a hard challenge for implant osseointegration due to low bone density. Bone quality, in fact, is a key...

Results : Comparative evaluation among laser-treat...

All implants resulted clinically integrated and stable into the bone tissue. No signs of tissue inflammation or infection were detected. At low magnification, all the samples appeared surrounded by new tissue. The distinction between native tissue and newly formed bone was not clear, likely due to the fact that the latter is still in an initial forming phase. In the machined samples (group C) bon...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

Measurement of the total length of the left half of the fixture; Measurement of the contact area between bone and implant in the left half of the fixture; Measurement of the total length of the right half of the fixture; and Measurement of the contact area between bone and implant in the right half of the fixture. Afterwards, the sum of parameters A and C represented the total length of the wh...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

Implant drilling procedures were carried out using the drill sequence recommended by the manufacturer. The drill speed was set at 700 rpm under continuous sterile saline solution irrigation (stored at + 4 °C). Implants were inserted with an insertion torque peak between 28 and 34 Ncm. Each animal received three implants of each group. The suture of deep muscle planes was performed with poly...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol, which followed guidelines established by the European Union Council Directive of February 2013 (R.D.53/2013). A total of 36 implants were used in the present study. Implants had different macro-geometries and surfaces and they were divided into three groups of...

Introduction : Comparative evaluation among laser-...

In addition, some animal studies [15, 16] found an increased removal torque in laser processed implants compared to machined surface implants inserted. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the osseointegration process, in terms of bone to implant contact percentage (BIC%), of three different implants surface (machined, sandblasted and acid-etched, and laser-treated) both after 15 and 30...

Introduction : Comparative evaluation among laser-...

Dental implant surfaces represent one of the key factors that could influence the osseointegration processes [1]. Puleo et al. [2] confirmed that the surface topography, as well as the chemical nature and the implant macro and micro geometry, is involved in creating a clinical and histological efficient bone-implant interface. It was demonstrated that different superficial treatments could affect ...

Abstract : Comparative evaluation among laser-trea...

The aim of the present in vivo analysis was to evaluate the osseointegration process of titanium implants with three different surfaces (machined, sandblasted and acid-etched, and laser-treated) after 15 and 30 days of healing period. Thirty-six implants with different surfaces were placed in the iliac crest of four Bergamasca sheep. The implant surfaces tested were sandblasted and acid-etched ...

Fig. 8. EDS 5 min : Achieving surface chemical an...

Fig. 8. EDS 5 min Fig. 8. EDS 5 min

Fig. 7. EDS 3 min : Achieving surface chemical an...

Fig. 7. EDS 3 min Fig. 7. EDS 3 min

Fig. 6. EDS 1 min : Achieving surface chemical an...

Fig. 6. EDS 1 min Fig. 6. EDS 1 min

Fig. 5. EDS control : Achieving surface chemical a...

Fig. 5. EDS control Fig. 5. EDS control

Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min : Achieving surface chemi...

Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min

Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min : Achieving surface chemi...

Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min

Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min : Achieving surface chemi...

Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min

Fig. 1. Group control : Achieving surface chemical...

Fig. 1. Group control Fig. 1. Group control

Table 9 Chemical analysis of surface (group 4 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 15.07 26.19 ...

Table 8 Chemical analysis of surface (group 4 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 10.43 23.42 ...

Table 7 Chemical analysis of surface (group 3 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 4.12 15.29 ...

Table 6 Chemical analysis of surface (group 3 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 4.79 18.86 ...

Table 5 Chemical analysis of surface (group 2 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 8.54 31.34 ...

Table 4 Chemical analysis of surface (group 2 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 4.47 19.93 ...

Table 3 Chemical analysis of surface (group 1 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 8.02 38.2 ...

Table 2 Chemical analysis of surface (group 1 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 8.22 37.21 ...

Table 1 Distribution of groups : Achieving surface...

Groups Plasma electrolytic oxidation—time (min) Voltage (V) Current (A) 1 – –   2 1 ΔU = 160 to 200 V ≅0.18 3 3 ΔU = 160 to 280 V ≅0.19 4 5 ΔU = 160 to 300 V ≅0.18   Table 1 Distribution of groups

About this article : Achieving surface chemical an...

Goularte, M.A.P.C., Barbosa, G.F., da Cruz, N.C. et al. Achieving surface chemical and morphologic alterations on tantalum by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Int J Implant Dent 2, 12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2 Download citation Received: 18 November 2015 Accepted: 12 April 2016 Published: 16 April 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2

Rights and permissions : Achieving surface chemica...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Achieving surface chemica...

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. MAPCG contributed to the concept/design, data collection, data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. GFB carried out the data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. NCC contributed to the dat...

Author information : Achieving surface chemical an...

Department of Prosthodontics, Implantology Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 06, Partenon, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Marcelo Augusto Pinto Cardoso Goularte Clinical Department, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Torres (ULBRA-TORRES), Rua Universitária, 1900, Parque do Balonismo, CEP 95560-000, Torres, RS, Brazil Gustavo Frain...

References : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

Yerokhin AL, Nie X, Leyland A, Matthews A, Dowey SJ. Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;122(2-3):73–93. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00441-7. Hosoki M, Nishigawa K, Miyamoto Y, Ohe G, Matsuka Y. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by titanium screws and dental implants. J Prosthodont Res. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.12.004. [Epub ahead of print]. Goutam M, Giri...

References : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

Gittens RA, Olivares-Navarrete R, Cheng A, Anderson DM, McLachlan T, Stephan I, et al. The roles of titanium surface micro/nanotopography and wettability on the differential response of human osteoblast lineage cells. Acta Biomater. 2013;9(4):6268–77. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.002. Epub 2012 Dec 8. Bauer S, Schmuki P, von der Mark K, et al. Engineering biocompatible implant surfaces part I: ...

Discussion and conclusions : Achieving surface che...

Thus, this study has examined the possibility of activating an alteration surface in tantalum using the anodizing process, which is effective in other metals like titanium. From our findings, it was possible to develop time exposure protocols in order to obtain conductive surface alterations similar to those already available from some of the largest manufacturers of oral implants. Scanning electr...

Discussion and conclusions : Achieving surface che...

The search for new biomaterials and biocompatible metals has always been a common objective of human rehabilitation research centers. In implant dentistry, titanium has successfully established itself as the material of choice for dental implants. However, several studies have reported cases of metal allergy caused by titanium-containing materials [15–17] and some immune dysfunctions in certain ...

Results : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

Tables 2 and 3 show similar rates among the chemical elements present on the non-treated tantalum surface—group 1 (Fig. 5). In Tables 4 and 5 (group 2), calcium (Ca) is included. The rates for the other chemical elements are similar to the rates in group 1 (Fig. 6). In Tables 6 and 7, group 3 sample shows the basic chemicals present in previous groups and similar rates (Fig. 7). Two chemic...

Results : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

The analysis of the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the changes on the surface of tantalum strips according to different exposure times. In Fig. 1, we can observe Ta surface with grooves resulting from the machining of the metal with no surface treatment. As the magnitude increases, the image shows the lines pattern with its peculiar characteristics from the manufacturin...

Methods : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

Within a 50-mL tank, the electrolytic solution as described above received a voltage variation of 160 V initial tension at zero time and a final tension at the preset end-time for each group of samples. There was a gradual increase in voltage due to the maintenance of a fairly constant current at around 0.15 to 0.25 A. The electrolytic solution was periodically changed to prevent solution satura...

Methods : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

We used 60 strip-shaped samples of tantalum with the following dimensions: 7 mm wide, 11 mm long, and 0.01 mm thick (Kurt J. Lesker Company—USA, 99.95 % purity). The samples were washed in distilled water and placed in an ultrasonic tank containing acetone (Ultra Sonic-1440 Plus—Odontobrás, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil) to remove residues. Then, they were divided into four groups: in group ...

Background : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

In this way and following the successful results already obtained with Titanium, this study aimed to develop an oxidized surface layer on Tantalum samples and, subsequently, analyze the samples’ topography and levels of salt deposition using an electronic microscope.

Background : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

The use of materials that come into direct contact with human tissues such as the bone requires maximum biological security. These materials remain for a long period of time or even indefinitely in the human body, and no negative reactions, like toxicity or carcinogenic effects, shall be acceptable. For this reason, biocompatibility of new materials has been widely studied, and only after a lot o...

Abstract : Achieving surface chemical and morpholo...

Search for materials that may either replace titanium dental implants or constitute an alternative as a new dental implant material has been widely studied. As well, the search for optimum biocompatible metal surfaces remains crucial. So, the aim of this work is to develop an oxidized surface layer on tantalum using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) similar to those existing on oral implants bee...

About this article : In vitro comparison of two ti...

Dhaliwal, J.S., Marulanda, J., Li, J. et al. In vitro comparison of two titanium dental implant surface treatments: 3M™ESPE™ MDIs versus Ankylos®. Int J Implant Dent 3, 27 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0083-5 Download citation Received: 19 January 2017 Accepted: 22 May 2017 Published: 27 June 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0083-5

Rights and permissions : In vitro comparison of tw...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : In vitro comparison of two ti...

Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal, Juliana Marulanda, Sharifa Alebrahim, Jocelyne Sheila Feine & Monzur Murshed PAPRSB, Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Jingjing Li & ...

Acknowledgements : In vitro comparison of two tita...

The authors would like to thank Prof. Georgios Romanos, School of Dental Medicine, Dept. of Periodontology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, for his contribution to the study. We would also like to thank 3M ESPE and Dentsply Friadent for providing the implant disks. This work is a part of the thesis submitted by JD for attaining a PhD degree at the Faculty of Dentistry, McGill Univers...

References : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T. Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20 Suppl 4:172–84. Download references

References : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

Sudo H, Kodama HA, Amagai Y, Yamamoto S, Kasai S. In vitro differentiation and calcification in a new clonal osteogenic cell line derived from newborn mouse calvaria. J Cell Biol. 1983;96(1):191–8. Novaes Jr AB, de Souza SL, de Barros RR, Pereira KK, Iezzi G, Piattelli A. Influence of implant surfaces on osseointegration. Braz Dent J. 2010;21(6):471–81. MacDonald DE, Markovic B, Allen M, Som...

References : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

Buser D, Nydegger T, Oxland T, Cochran DL, Schenk RK, Hirt HP, et al. Interface shear strength of titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface: a biomechanical study in the maxilla of miniature pigs. J Biomed Mater Res. 1999;45(2):75–83. Li D, Ferguson SJ, Beutler T, Cochran DL, Sittig C, Hirt HP, et al. Biomechanical comparison of the sandblasted and acid-etched and the machine...

References : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

Griffitts TM, Collins CP, Collins PC. Mini dental implants: an adjunct for retention, stability, and comfort for the edentulous patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;100(5):e81–4. Cooper LF, Zhou Y, Takebe J, Guo J, Abron A, Holmen A, et al. Fluoride modification effects on osteoblast behavior and bone formation at TiO2 grit-blasted c.p. titanium endosseous implants. B...

References : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

Branemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindstrom J, Hallen O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Suppl. 1977;16:1–132. Bulard RA, Vance JB. Multi-clinic evaluation using mini-dental implants for long-term denture stabilization: a preliminary biometric evaluation. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 20...

Conclusions : In vitro comparison of two titanium ...

Our results demonstrate that both implant surfaces are conducive for osteoblastic cell attachment, proliferation, and mineralization. However, 3M™ESPE™ MDI surface shows more pronounced effects on cell proliferation, which may in turn facilitate better osseointegration by enhancing ECM mineralization. Our ongoing research will provide further information on how implant surfaces may affect cell...

Discussion : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

ALPL is a late osteogenic marker, which is essential for normal bone mineralization. ALPL-deficient osteoblasts fail to mineralize in culture. Considering that there was no significant difference in the relative ALPL activity in cells grown on two surfaces, it is unlikely that the surface property of the disks affected cell differentiation. This observation does not support the findings of Davies ...

Discussion : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

MC3T3-E1 cells have been extensively used in numerous cell culture experiments as a model for osteoblasts [36]. Under differentiating conditions, e.g., in the presence of ascorbic acid and β-glycerol phosphate, these cells upregulate the osteogenic markers and, more importantly, promote the deposition of calcium phosphate minerals within and around the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). In...

Discussion : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

In the current study, we used an in vitro cell culture system to evaluate the biocompatibility of two implant materials with different surface topography. Our objective was to establish the osseointegration potential of MDIs versus an established regular implant. Disks prepared from the implant material were coated with gelatin to grow cells, and proliferation and osteogenic differentiation parame...

Results : In vitro comparison of two titanium dent...

Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were plated on each implant disk (40,000 cells/disk) and were differentiated with mineralization medium for 12 days. Quantification of cells after nuclear staining by H33258 revealed an increased number of cells on the 3M™ESPE™ MDI disks (Fig. 5a). Measurement of cell viability by the reduction of Alamar blue® after 3 days of culture of MC3T3-E1 cells furthe...

Results : In vitro comparison of two titanium dent...

The variable sizes of the implant disks obtained from two different manufacturers demanded an innovative culture system to ensure equal surface areas on both disks for the cell culture experiments. We achieved this by attaching constant diameter (5 mm) plastic cylinders to the disk surface. Disks were sterilized with absolute alcohol, and polystyrene cloning cylinders (Sigma) were attached onto t...

Methods : In vitro comparison of two titanium dent...

While performing the experiments, JM (first co-author) was not aware of the sources/manufacturers of the disks, which were identified by their size (small and large) only. At the end of the analyses, each disk’s manufacturer was revealed to her by JSD (first co-author).

Methods : In vitro comparison of two titanium dent...

Protein samples from the transfected cells were prepared in 1× SDS gel-loading buffer (Laemmli buffer) without adding β-mercaptoethanol and quantified using the Pierce™ Coomassie Plus Assay kit (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA). Without heat denaturation, equal amount of protein samples (50 μg) were loaded on a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel. After electrophoresis, the gel was incubated in N...

Methods : In vitro comparison of two titanium dent...

Titanium disks made up with the same materials and surface characteristics as those with the original implants were obtained from the respective manufacturers. Two types of disks were used; the small disks represented 3M™ESPE™ MDI implants, while the large disks represented Ankylos®, Dentsply Friadent implants. A total of 10 disks of each brand were used for the study. Disks were sterilized ...

Background : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

Despite the advantages of the MDI, evidence on their potential for osseointegration and long-term success is lacking. [15,16,17,18]. Newer implant systems entering the market must be studied first in vitro and then in vivo with animal models followed by human studies to demonstrate their osseointegration capability. Modifications of implant surface properties have been shown to have a positive in...

Background : In vitro comparison of two titanium d...

Prosthetic devices are often used as surrogates for missing skeletal and dental elements. These devices are in close contact with the surrounding tissues, and their functionality and stability are critically dependent on the successful integration within the tissue’s extracellular matrix (ECM). The surface of the implanted device directly interacts with cell and extracellular milieu and influenc...

Abstract : In vitro comparison of two titanium den...

An ideal implant should have a surface that is conducive to osseointegration. In vitro cell culture studies using disks made of same materials and surface as of implants may provide useful information on the events occurring at the implant-tissue interface. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that there is no difference in the proliferation and differentiation capacities of osteoblastic...

Fig. 6. Forest plot on differences in implant mean...

Fig. 6. Forest plot on differences in implant mean marginal bone loss between MS and RS groups in alle included RCT's Fig. 6. Forest plot on differences in implant mean marginal bone loss between MS and RS groups in alle included RCT's

Fig. 5. Forest plot on differences in implant surv...

Fig. 5. Forest plot on differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included RCT's Fig. 5. Forest plot on differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included RCT's

Fig. 4. Forest plot on differences in implant mean...

Fig. 4. Forest plot on differences in implant mean marginal bone loss between MS and RS groups in all included studies Fig. 4. Forest plot on differences in implant mean marginal bone loss between MS and RS groups in all included studies

Fig. 3. Forest plot on differences in implant surv...

Fig. 3. Forest plot on differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included studies Fig. 3. Forest plot on differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included studies

Fig. 2. a Presentation of risk of bias evaluation ...

Fig. 2. a Presentation of risk of bias evaluation for included RCTs according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. b Presentation of risk of bias evaluation for included non-RCTs according to the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale Fig. 2. a Presentation of risk of bias evaluation for included RCTs according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. b Presentation of risk of bias evaluation fo...

Fig. 1. Flowchart of the search strategy : Effect ...

Fig. 1. Flowchart of the search strategy Fig. 1. Flowchart of the search strategy

Table 1 Study characteristics and individual resul...

Study (first author and year of publication)   Design General health Perio health Perio status ...

About this article : Effect of dental implant surf...

Dank, A., Aartman, I.H.A., Wismeijer, D. et al. Effect of dental implant surface roughness in patients with a history of periodontal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Implant Dent 5, 12 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0156-8 Download citation Received: 14 August 2018 Accepted: 06 January 2019 Published: 13 February 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/...

Rights and permissions : Effect of dental implant ...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional files : Effect of dental implant surfac...

Conflict of interest form (PDF 569 kb) Conflict of interest form (PDF 1224 kb) Conflict of interest form (PDF 569 kb) Conflict of interest form (PDF 569 kb)

Ethics declarations : Effect of dental implant sur...

Not applicable. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Anton Dank, Irene H.A. Aartman, Daniël Wismeijer, and Ali Tahmaseb declare that they have no competing interests (Additional files 1, 2, 3 and 4). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Effect of dental implant surf...

Section of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Anton Dank, Daniël Wismeijer & Ali Tahmaseb Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Ams...

Acknowledgements : Effect of dental implant surfac...

The authors would like to thank Dr. Elena Nicu for providing missing information about her study. None. This paper is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the author gives appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Cr...

References : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

Jungner M, Legrell PE, Lundgren S. Follow-up study of implants with turned or oxidized surfaces placed after sinus augmentation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2014;29:1380–7. Esposito M, Ardebili Y, Worthington HV. Intervention for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;22:CD003815. Doornewaard R, Christiaens V, De Bruyn H, Jacobsson M, ...

References : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

Nemli SK, Güngör MB, Aydin C, Yilmaz H, Türkcan I, Demirköprülü H. Clinical evaluation of submerged and non-submerged implants for posterior single-tooth replacements: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;43:1484–92. Sánchez-Siles M, Munoz-Cámara D, Salazar-Sánchez N, Camacho-Alonso F, Calvo-Guirado JL. Crestal bone loss around submerged and non-sub...

References : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

Wennström JL, Ekestubbe A, Gröndahl K, Karlsson S, Lindhe J. Oral rehabilitation with implant-supported fixed partial dentures in periodontitis-susceptible subjects. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:713–24. Matarasso S, Rasperini G, Siciliano V, Salvi GE, Lang NP, Aglietta M. A 10-year retrospective analysis of radiographic bone-level changes of implants supporting single-unit crowns in periodonta...

References : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

Kumar A, Jaffin RA, Berman C. The effect of smoking on achieving osseointegration of surface-modified implants: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002;17:816–9. Albouy JP, Abrahamsson I, Persson LG, Berghlundh T. Spontaneous progression of peri-implantitis of different types of implants: an experimental study in dogs. I: clinical and radiographic observations. Clin Oral Implant...

References : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

Rosenberg ES, Dent HD, Cho S, Elian N, Jalbout ZN, Froum S. A comparison of characteristics of implant failure and survival in periodontally compromised and periodontally healthy patients: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19:873–9. Balshe AA, Eckert SE, Koka S, Assad DA, Weaver AL. The effects of smoking on the survival of smooth- and rough-surface dental implants. Int J ...

References : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

Quirynen M, Abarca M, Van Assche N, Nevins M, Van Steenberghe D. Impact of supportive periodontal therapy and implant surface roughness on implant outcome in patients with a history of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34:805–15. Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Oral implant surfaces: part 1–review focusing on topographic and chemical properties of different surfaces and in vivo responses t...

Abbreviations : Effect of dental implant surface r...

Acid-etched Anterior Fixed partial denture Fully edentulous Hydroxyl apatite Hybrid surface Mandible Maxilla Machined surface No data Not reported Non-smoking Partially edentulous Periodontally compromised patient Periodontally healthy patient Posterior Prospective Retrospective Rough surface Smoking Sandblasted acid-etched Titanium plasma sprayed

Conclusions : Effect of dental implant surface rou...

Due to lack of long-term data (> 5 years), the heterogeneity and variability in study designs and lack of reporting on confounding factors, definitive conclusions on differences in implant survival, and mean marginal bone loss between machined and moderate rough implants in periodontally compromised patients cannot be drawn. In order to understand whether or not machined surfaces are superior to...

Discussion : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

The heterogeneity and the variability in the study designs, together with the fact that most previous studies have not reported on confounding factors, make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. In addition, the broad confidence intervals provide an uncertain outcome. In spite of their relatively higher failure rate, machined implants have possible advantages on the long term, because they ...

Discussion : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

Bias is present in the included papers, and this can have a substantial impact on our findings. For example, in the studies by Wennström et al. and Nicu et al., smoking is a confounding factor, since both non-smokers and smokers have been combined [38, 40]. However, Cavalcanti et al. have performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study and have demonstrated almost twice as many implant failure...

Discussion : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

The current study reviews the literature on the effect of dental implant surfaces in patients with a history of periodontal disease. The six included papers comprised both retrospective and prospective studies [36,37,38,39,40,41]. The two prospective randomized clinical trials were analyzed separately [38, 40]. As demonstrated by equality of the risk ratios and on account of the limited amount of ...

Results : Effect of dental implant surface roughne...

Figure 3 illustrates a forest plot showing no significant differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included studies [36,37,38,39,40,41]. The implant mean marginal bone loss in the remaining group of six included studies containing 1342 implants ranged from 0.33 to 3.77 mm, with a minimum and maximum of − 0.74 and 5.20 mm, respectively [36,37,38,39,40,41]. The forest ...

Results : Effect of dental implant surface roughne...

There is some variation in the follow-up between the different studies. Two studies had a follow-up of 5 years (Sayardoust et al. and Wennström et al.), two had a follow-up of 10 years (Aglietta et al. and Matarasso et al.), and for two studies, it was 3 years (Nicu et al. and Gallego et al.) [36,37,38,39,40,41]. All included periodontally compromised patients participated in a regular periodo...

Results : Effect of dental implant surface roughne...

The initial electronic database search on PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane library resulted in 2411 titles. Thirteen articles were cited in both databases (duplicates). After screening the abstracts, 45 relevant titles were selected by two independent reviewers and 2353 were excluded for not being related to the topic. Following examination and discussion by the reviewers, 43 articles were selected for...

Methods : Effect of dental implant surface roughne...

Two reviewers independently extracted data from the included studies. Disagreements were again resolved through discussion. Corresponding authors were contacted when data were incomplete or unclear. With respect to the listed PICO question, data were sought for (P) periodontally compromised and patients without a history of periodontitis receiving dental implant placement, (I) machined surface den...

Methods : Effect of dental implant surface roughne...

This study followed the PRISMA statement guidelines and is registered at PROSPERO under registration code CRD42018093063. A review protocol does not exist. The listed PICO question is used in the present systematic search strategy. The electronic data resources consulted were PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, including all published clinical studies until May 2018. The results were limited to ...

Background : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

Several animal studies have suggested that the roughness of the implant surface influences the progression of peri-implantitis and the outcome of peri-implantitis treatment [27,28,29,30,31]. There is some evidence in men showing that machined implants are less prone to peri-implantitis compared with implants with rougher surfaces [32]. Moreover, implants with a rough surface have higher rates of l...

Background : Effect of dental implant surface roug...

Rough titanium implants are currently the standard treatment in implant dentistry [1]. They are roughly divided into three different types of surface roughness (Sa): machined/minimal (± 0.5 μm), moderate (1.0–2.0 μm), and rough (> 2.0 μm) [2]. Generally, rougher implant surfaces have greater bone-to-implant contact [3]. In a randomized controlled clinical trial, it has been demonstra...

Abstract : Effect of dental implant surface roughn...

To review the literature on the effect of dental implant surface roughness in patients with a history of periodontal disease. The present review addresses the following focus question: Is there a difference for implant survival, mean marginal bone loss, and the incidence of bleeding on probing in periodontally compromised patients receiving a machined dental implant or rough surface dental implant...

Fig. 1. Anatomical location of the control and Ca...

Fig. 1. Anatomical location of the control and Ca2+-modified dental implants Fig. 1. Anatomical location of the control and Ca2+-modified dental implants

Table 3 Outcomes of experimental and control group...

Variable Experimental Control P 

Table 2 Length and diameter of the dental implants...

  Diameter (mm) Total 4.25 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.25 ...

Table 1 Length and diameter of the dental implants...

  Diameter (mm) Total 4.25 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.25 ...

About this article : Early marginal bone stability...

Anitua, E., Piñas, L. & Alkhraisat, M.H. Early marginal bone stability of dental implants placed in a transalveolarly augmented maxillary sinus: a controlled retrospective study of surface modification with calcium ions. Int J Implant Dent 3, 49 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0111-5 Download citation Received: 04 September 2017 Accepted: 15 November 2017 Publi...

Rights and permissions : Early marginal bone stabi...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Early marginal bone stabilit...

An exemption from IRB approval of the study protocol was granted by the author’s institution as it was a retrospective study, and the evaluated medical device had already been approved for clinical use. This study was performed following the Helsinki declaration regarding the investigation with human subjects. Not applicable. Eduardo Anitua is the Scientific Director of BTI Biotechnology Insti...

Author information : Early marginal bone stability...

Private practice in oral implantology, Clínica Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain Eduardo Anitua University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain Eduardo Anitua & Mohammad Hamdan Alkhraisat BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain Eduardo Anitua & Mohammad Hamdan Alkhraisat Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madr...

Acknowledgements : Early marginal bone stability o...

Not applicable No funding was received for this study. The data will not be shared but are available upon request.

References : Early marginal bone stability of dent...

Schulze R, Krummenauer F, Schalldach F, d'Hoedt B. Precision and accuracy of measurements in digital panoramic radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2000;29:52–6. Download references

References : Early marginal bone stability of dent...

Jaffin RA, Berman CL. The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: a 5-year analysis. J Periodontol. 1991;62:2–4. Anitua E, Alkhraisat MH, Pinas L, Orive G. Efficacy of biologically guided implant site preparation to obtain adequate primary implant stability. Ann Anat. 2015;199:9–15. Anitua E, Alkhraist MH, Piñas L, Orive G. Association of transalveolar sinus floor elevation, p...

References : Early marginal bone stability of dent...

Moraschini V, Poubel LA, Ferreira VF, Barboza Edos S. Evaluation of survival and success rates of dental implants reported in longitudinal studies with a follow-up period of at least 10 years: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44:377–88. Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 200...

Abbreviations : Early marginal bone stability of d...

Plasma rich in growth factors Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology

Conclusions : Early marginal bone stability of den...

The modification of an acid-etched surface with calcium ions (UnicCa®) seems to enhance the marginal bone stability of dental implants, placed after transalveolar sinus floor elevation.

Results and discussion : Early marginal bone stabi...

Unlike Ca2+-modified dental implants, two early implant losses were observed for the same dental implants but without Ca2+. Moderately rough implant surface has enhanced implant osseointegration and has increased the implant secondary stability [2, 3, 19]. Hydrophilic moderately rough surfaces showed faster osseointegration compared to those with hydrophobic characteristics [20, 21]. Ca2+ ions hav...

Results and discussion : Early marginal bone stabi...

In this study, 51 patients participated with 65 dental implants. The mean age of the patients was 58 ± 11 years (range 38 to 72 years) at the time of surgery, and 28 were females. The experimental group had 34 Ca2+-modified dental implants, and the control group had 31 dental implants (without surface modification with calcium ions). Tables 1 and 2 show the diameters and lengths of the p...

Methods : Early marginal bone stability of dental ...

The plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) was prepared using the Endoret® system following the manufacturer instructions (BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain). The technique for transalveolar sinus floor elevation is explained elsewhere [15]. Briefly, conventional drills working at low speed (150 rpm) without irrigation was used to prepare the implant site. A frontal cutting drill was the...

Methods : Early marginal bone stability of dental ...

The manuscript was written following STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. All described data and treatments were obtained from a single dental clinic in Vitoria, Spain. The time period of the study was between December 2014 and April 2016. Patients’ records were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients that fulfilled the following inclusi...

Background : Early marginal bone stability of dent...

Dental implants are nowadays the treatment of choice to replace missing teeth due to their high predictability and long-term success [1]. This success is the outcome of several cellular and molecular events that take place at the implant-bone interface. Although the process of osseointegration is not fully understood, research is ongoing to enhance and accelerate this process. Moderately rough imp...

Abstract : Early marginal bone stability of dental...

Recently, components of the extracellular cellular matrix have been assessed to enhance the biological response to dental implants. This study aims to assess the effect of surface modification with calcium ions on the early marginal bone loss of dental implants placed in a transalveolarly augmented maxillary sinus. A retrospective study of transalveolar sinus floor augmentation was conducted in a...

Fig. 6. Roughness (Sa) box plot : In vitro surface...

Fig. 6. Roughness (Sa) box plot Fig. 6. Roughness (Sa) box plot

Fig. 5. 3D profile : In vitro surface characterist...

Fig. 5. 3D profile Fig. 5. 3D profile

Fig. 4. CLSM : In vitro surface characteristics an...

Fig. 4. CLSM Fig. 4. CLSM

Fig. 3. SEM for localization of EDX analysis : In ...

Fig. 3. SEM for localization of EDX analysis Fig. 3. SEM for localization of EDX analysis

Fig. 2. SEM. White arrow (→) exemplary mark the ...

Fig. 2. SEM. White arrow (→) exemplary mark the droplet like shape of surface as described in the text Fig. 2. SEM. White arrow (→) exemplary mark the droplet like shape of surface as described in the text

Fig. 1. Diagram of different implant areas used fo...

Fig. 1. Diagram of different implant areas used for sampling. 1) Machined (untreated) area. 2) rough (treated) area Fig. 1. Diagram of different implant areas used for sampling. 1) Machined (untreated) area. 2) rough (treated) area

Table 3 Roughness analysis : In vitro surface char...

   Amplitude parameters Group Name Sa (μm) Machined area WhiteSKY ...

Table 2 EDX : In vitro surface characteristics and...

Element composition/semi-quantitative evaluation Location Type Zr at %min–at %max Hf at % Y at %min–at %max...

Table 1 Five commercially available ceramic implan...

NoneTable 1 Five commercially available ceramic implants and surface characteristics

About this article : In vitro surface characterist...

Beger, B., Goetz, H., Morlock, M. et al. In vitro surface characteristics and impurity analysis of five different commercially available dental zirconia implants. Int J Implant Dent 4, 13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0124-8 Download citation Received: 11 December 2017 Accepted: 08 February 2018 Published: 26 April 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018...

Rights and permissions : In vitro surface characte...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : In vitro surface characteris...

Not applicable. Not applicable. Beger B, Goetz H, Morlock M, Schiegnitz E, and Al-Nawas B declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : In vitro surface characterist...

Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany B. Beger, M. Morlock, E. Schiegnitz & B. Al-Nawas Biomaterials in Medicine (BioAPP), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany H. Goetz You can also search for this author in Pub...

References : In vitro surface characteristics and ...

Papanagiotou HP, Morgano SM, Giordano RA, Pober R. In vitro evaluation of low-temperature aging effects and finishing procedures on the flexural strength and structural stability of Y-TZP dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;96(3):154–64. Ewais OH, Al Abbassy F, Ghoneim MM, Aboushelib MN. Novel zirconia surface treatments for enhanced osseointegration: laboratory characterization. Int J Dent....

References : In vitro surface characteristics and ...

Ong JL, Carnes DL, Cardenas HL, Cavin R. Surface roughness of titanium on bone morphogenetic protein-2 treated osteoblast cells in vitro. Implant Dent. 1997;6(1):19–24. Schwartz Z, Kieswetter K, Dean DD, Boyan BD. Underlying mechanisms at the bone-surface interface during regeneration. J Periodontal Res. 1997;32(1 Pt 2):166–71. Al-Nawas B, Gotz H. Three-dimensional topographic and metrologic...

References : In vitro surface characteristics and ...

Jacobi-Gresser E, Huesker K, Schutt S. Genetic and immunological markers predict titanium implant failure: a retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42(4):537–43. Wenz HJ, Bartsch J, Wolfart S, Kern M. Osseointegration and clinical success of zirconia dental implants: a systematic review. Int J Prosthodont. 2008;21(1):27–36. Shulte W. The intra-osseous Al2O3 (Frialit) Tuebingen...

Abbreviations : In vitro surface characteristics a...

Aluminum oxide Ceramic injection molding Confocal laser scanning microscopy Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Hot isostatic pressing Implant Kilovolt Millibar Megapascal Nanometer Area roughness parameter Scanning electron microscopy Sandblasted, Large-grit, Acid-etched Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystalline Micrometer

Conclusions : In vitro surface characteristics and...

New ceramic implants are showing a variety of surface characteristics due to different manufacturing processes as shown by other groups [2, 28]. The surface structures of the investigated implants are close to titanium implants. If the surface characteristics really have a high influence on osseointegration, ceramic implants cannot yet compare to the long experience with titanium. However, there a...

Discussion : In vitro surface characteristics and ...

The semi-quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) can be used to further analyze the components of the implant surface. None of the implants showed any impurity or unexpected results. Implants 4 and 5 showed yttrium under the detection limit in the EDX analysis. This could be caused by the lower dosage of yttrium endowment in the stabilization processing in comparison to other impla...

Discussion : In vitro surface characteristics and ...

The surface shape (droplet-like surface), which was observed in the SEM samples, can be caused due to the sintering process in which ceramic powder was melted and then formed. Different particle, immersion, and droplet sizes can also change due to possible reasons like usage of various types and dosages of acid for the etching process and change of exposure time to acid effect. A longer exposure t...

Discussion : In vitro surface characteristics and ...

Implant surface characteristics are of ongoing scientific interest. Implants made from titanium are still the most common to be used. Titanium implants are made from alpha-beta alloy which consists of 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V). These materials have low density, high strength, and resistance to fatigue and corrosion, and their modulus of elasticity is closer to the bone than any other...

Results : In vitro surface characteristics and imp...

Implant 2 (Sa 1.27 μm ± 0.24) and implant 5 (Sa 1.22 μm ± 0.36) show the highest roughness values (Sa) of all tested implants: Straumann’s pure ceramic implant was blasted and etched and shows the overall highest Sa value in the rough area. Implant 3 (vitaclinical) shows correspondingly lower Sa around 1.05 μm (± 0.17) (Table 3). The lowest Sa value could be found in implant ...

Results : In vitro surface characteristics and imp...

SEM micrographs presented in Fig. 2 demonstrate the dissimilarity of the sample surface microstructure. Implant 1 shows an overall smoother surface and a slaty-like surface without evidence of a typical etching process. The surface shows sparse roughness. Implants 2–4 show deep markings from their brand’s specific etching and sandblasting processes. In × 10,000 magnification, immersions ca...

Methods : In vitro surface characteristics and imp...

Subsequently, the depth map images are imported in the SPIP™ 4.2.6 (Image Metrology) software for roughness and texture evaluation. According to the ISO 25178-2 reference, all surface roughness parameters implemented in SPIP™ are evaluated and classified as amplitude, hybrid, functional, and spatial parameters. Selected values are shown in Table 3.

Methods : In vitro surface characteristics and imp...

Analysis of the element composition of the implant surfaces by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was performed with an INCA Energy 350 system (Oxford Instruments, Wiesbaden, Germany) coupled with the SEM Quanta 200 FEG (Fig. 2). Similar to the micro-morphological presentation, each implant was divided into comparable sites of interest. Typical areas were selected and evaluated (...

Methods : In vitro surface characteristics and imp...

The following five commercially available dental zirconia implants were used in this study (Table 1). Bredent whiteSKY™ implant (I1) is made from unground Brezirkon™, an yttrium oxide (Y2O3)-stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconium oxide and is sandblasted. Zirconium oxide is endowed with 3 mol% yttrium oxide to gain a rectangle and room temperature stable structure [17]. Straumann® ...

Background : In vitro surface characteristics and ...

Dental implants have become a well-established treatment method for oral rehabilitation after tooth loss. Pure titanium is still the material of choice when it comes to dental intraosseous implants and has been used for decades. However, titanium implants have esthetic limitations, especially in the front aspect of the maxillary jaw. The recession of the gingiva can lead to visible implant necks. ...

Abstract : In vitro surface characteristics and im...

The aim of this study was to assess surface characteristics, element composition, and surface roughness of five different commercially available dental zirconia implants. Five zirconia implants (Bredent whiteSKY™ (I1), Straumann® PURE Ceramic (I2), ceramic.implant vitaclinical (I3), Zeramex® (I4), Ceralog Monobloc M10 (I5)) were evaluated. The evaluation was performed by means of scanning el...

Figure 5. Florescence microscopy

  Figure 5. a Florescence microscopy showing H33258-stained MC3T3-E1 cells on Ankylos® and 3M™ESPE™ MDI disks. Although equal numbers of cells were plated, after 12 days of culture, more cells were detected on the 3M™ESPE™ MDI disks. b Increased Alamar blue® reduction in MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on 3M™ESPE™ MDI disks when compared to cells cultured on Ankylos®. c Increase...

Figure 4. a C2C12 cells (control) and pBMP-2-tran...

  Figure 4. a C2C12 cells (control) and pBMP-2-transfected C2C12 cells were seeded on a 24-well plate (50,000 cell/well) and cultured in DMEM medium for 48 h. ALPL assay showing upregulated ALPL activity in the BMP-2-transfected C2C12 cells. b Cell extracts of C2C12 cells and pBMP-2-transfected cells were run on a 10% SDS-PAGE under non-denaturing conditions. The gel was then stained with ...

Figure 3. Increased proliferation of C2C12 cells g...

  Figure 3. Increased proliferation of C2C12 cells grown on 3M™ESPE™ MDI disks in comparison to the cells grown on the Ankylos® disks untreated and treated with bone morphogenetic protein-BMP-2

Figure 2. Implant surface characterization under S...

    Figure 2. Implant surface characterization under SEM. Increased surface roughness in the 3M™ESPE™ MDI dental implants when compared to Ankylos® implants

Figure 1. Preparation of specimens

  Figure 1. Preparation of specimens. Small disks represent 3M™ESPE™ MDI implants, and large disks represent Ankylos® implants. Note that the attachment of polystyrene rings ensures the area of culture remains constant regardless of the disk size

Discussion : Comparison of two titanium dental imp...

MacDonald et al. have shown that wettability, i.e., hydrophilic surfaces support cell interactions and biological fluids better than the hydrophobic surfaces. It has also been shown that roughening the titanium surface improves hydrophilicity. In addition, many authors have stated that rougher surfaces promote differentiation, growth and attachment of bone cells, and higher production of gro...

Discussion : Comparison of two titanium dental imp...

Because of their pluripotency, these cells have been considered as a type of mesenchymal stem cells. It has been shown that when treated with BMPs, these cells readily upregulate many key osteoblast markers including RUNX2, OSX, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALPL). In the current study, we used C2C12 cells that were treated with BMP-2 or stably transfected with a BMP-2 expression v...

Discussion : Comparison of two titanium dental imp...

Discussion In the current study, we used an in vitro cell culture system to evaluate the biocompatibility of two implant materials with different surface topography. Our objective was to establish the osseointegration potential of MDIs versus an established regular implant. Disks prepared from the implant material were coated with gelatin to grow cells, and proliferation and osteogenic diff...

Methods : Comparison of two titanium dental implan...

  Alkaline phosphatase immunostaining and assay BMP-2-transfected C2C12 cells were fixed in 4% PFA for 15 min, and then blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (Fisher, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) in Tris buffered saline-0.025%Triton for 30 min at room temperature, followed by overnight incubation with an anti-mouse alkaline phosphatase antibody (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Detection was done by ...

Methods : Comparison of two titanium dental implan...

The reduction of Alamar blue was measured at 560 nm (reference wavelength 610 nm) after 5-h incubation at 37 °C using a microplate reader (Infinite 200, Tecan). Generation of BMP2 expressing C2C12 cells C2C12 cells were electroporated together with 0.4 μg of a BMP-2 expression vector (a kind gift from Dr. Katagiri) and 0.1 μg of pCMV-Tag, which expresses a neomycin-resistance gene. Culture...

Results : Comparison of two titanium dental implan...

Results Ring culture technique The variable sizes of the implant disks obtained from two different manufacturers demanded an innovative culture system to ensure equal surface areas on both disks for the cell culture experiments. We achieved this by attaching constant diameter (5 mm) plastic cylinders to the disk surface. Disks were sterilized with absolute alcohol, and polystyrene cloning cyli...

Methods : Comparison of two titanium dental implan...

Methods Implant disks Titanium disks made up with the same materials and surface characteristics as those with the original implants were obtained from the respective manufacturers. Two types of disks were used; the small disks represented 3M™ESPE™ MDI implants, while the large disks represented Ankylos®, Dentsply Friadent implants. A total of 10 disks of each brand were used for the stud...

Background : Comparison of two titanium dental imp...

Background Prosthetic devices are often used as surrogates for missing skeletal and dental elements. These devices are in close contact with the surrounding tissues, and their functionality and stability are critically dependent on the successful integration within the tissue’s extracellular matrix (ECM). The surface of the implanted device directly interacts with cell and extracellular milie...

In vitro comparison of two titanium dental implant...

In vitro comparison of two titanium dental implant surface treatments: 3M™ESPE™ MDIs versus Ankylos® Abstract Background An ideal implant should have a surface that is conducive to osseointegration. In vitro cell culture studies using disks made of same materials and surface as of implants may provide useful information on the events occurring at the implant-tissue interface. In the curr...