Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown
Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown
Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory
Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory
Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view
Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view
Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)
Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)
Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment
Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment
Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J.M., Cabaña-Muñoz, M.E., Merino, J.J. et al. Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the replacement of upper molars. Int J Implant Dent 3, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2
Download citation
Received: 13 October 2016
Accepted: 22 December 2016
Published: 20 February 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Periodontics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia (Spain), Murcia, Spain
Arturo Sánchez-Pérez
Clínica CIROM, Murcia, 30001, Spain
José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz & José Joaquín Merino
Clínica Odontologíca Universitaria, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/ Marqués de los Vélez s/n, Murcia, 30008, Spain
Arturo Sánchez-...
Bormann K-H, Gellrich N-C, Kniha H, Dard M, Wieland M, Gahlert M. Biomechanical evaluation of a microstructured zirconia implant by a removal torque comparison with a standard Ti-SLA implant. Clin oral implants res. 2012;23:1210–6.
Oliva J, Oliva X, Oliva JD. One-year follow-up of first consecutive 100 zirconia dental implants in humans: a comparison of 2 different rough surfaces. Int j oral ma...
Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand j plast reconstr surg suppl. 1977;16:1–132.
Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM. TécnicaAtraumática en Implantología. Rev esp odontoestomatológica implant. 11:30–5.
Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Cabaña-Mu...
Zirconia implants with PEEK restorations can be considered a good alternative for replacing natural teeth. Their biocompatibility and biostability make them a promising material for those patients who suffer from allergies and sensitivity to metal alloys.
PEEK restorations are a valid and alternative recommendation when using zirconia implants because of their cushioning effect and elastic modulu...
In addition to PEEK, new coatings based on PMMA or composite materials (Anaxblent®Anaxdent®, Nexco®Ivoclar®, Solidex®Shofu®, Novo.lign®Bredent®, etc.) which incorporate ceramic fillings have been developed. Due to their molecular structure, these materials have excellent density and homogeneity [24]. The micro filling integrated into the polymer matrix increases abrasion resistance, at the...
In terms of the load-cushioning capacity of the prosthetic elements, the use of PEEK as a prosthetic structure on implants has increased in recent years [14]. PEEK is a high-density thermoplastic polymer with a linear aromatic semi-crystalline structure that has exceptional physical and chemical properties as regards toughness, hardness and elasticity. Also, its low molecular weight, combined with...
Fifteen days after surgery, the appearance of the soft tissue was excellent, with no signs of inflammation in the mucosa. The patient mentioned the absence of bleeding and pain during the post-operation period. At the same time, we made a clinical and radiological evaluation. Three months after surgery, the stumps of the implants were carved to improve their parallelism with a special diamond dril...
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years previously.
Clinica...
In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium [1], which are still the most popular.
The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials.
An example of this is zirconia-based dental i...
One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties.
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record of interest with a longitudinal fracture i...
Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially
Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially
Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially
Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially
Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces of epoxy resin adjacent to mini implants
Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces of epoxy resin adjacent to mini implants
Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two mini implants.
Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two mini implants.
Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants
Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. a Standard, b short-wide, and c single-piece mini implants
Crown
Implant type
Axial
Off-axial
P-value
Mean
SD
...
Axial
Off-axial
P value
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
...
Lava Ultimate
crowns
Metal
crowns
P value
Mean
SD
Mean
...
Load
Crown type
Standard
Short-wide
Double mini
P value
...
Standard
Short-wide
Double mini
P value
Mean
SD
Mean
...
Elfadaly, L.S., Khairallah, L.S. & Al Agroudy, M.A. Peri-implant biomechanical responses to standard, short-wide, and double mini implants replacing missing molar supporting hybrid ceramic or full-metal crowns under axial and off-axial loading: an in vitro study.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 31 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0094-2
Download citation
Received: 14 Februar...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
The authors L.S.Elfadaly, L.S.Kheirallah, and M.A.Alagroudy state that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Lamiaa Said Elfadaly, Lamiaa Sayed Khairallah & Mona Atteya Al Agroudy
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
LSE have...
Gracis S, Nicholls J, Chalupnik J, Yuodelis R. Shock-absorbing behavior of five restorative materials used on implants. Int J Prosthodont. 1990;4:282–91.
Skalak R. Biomechanical considerations in osseointegrated prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;49:843–8.
Misch C. Clinical biomechanics in implant dentistry, Contemporary Implant Dentistry. 3rd ed. 2008. p. 543–56. mosby,inc.
Lundgren D, La...
Himmlova L, Dostalova T, Kacovsky A, Konvickova S. Influence of implant length and diameter on stress distribution: a finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;91(1):20–5.
Shetty S, Puthukkat N, Bhat S, Shenoy K. Short implants: a new dimension in rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla and mandible. Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry. 2014;4(2):66.
Misch C, Bidez M. Contemporary implant d...
Barbier L, Vander SJ, Krzesinski G, Schepers E, Van der Perre G. Finite element analysis of non-axial versus axial loading of oral implants in the mandible of the dog. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25(11):847–58.
Saime S, Murat C, Emine Y. The influence of functional forces on the biomechanics of implant-supported prostheses—a review. J Dent. 2002;30:271–82.
Balshi T, Hernandez R, Pryszlak M, Range...
Mazor Z, Lorean A, Mijiritsky E, Levin L. Replacement of a molar with 2 narrow diameter dental implants. Implant Dent. 2012;21(1):36–8.
Atwood D. Postextraction changes in the adult mandible as illustrated by micrographs of midsagittal sections and serial cephalometric roentgenograms. J Prosthet Dent. 1963;13:810–24.
Felice P, Pellegrino G, Checchi L, Pistilli R, Esposito M. Vertical augment...
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the following conclusions could be drawn:
Implant design, superstructure material, and load direction significantly affect peri-implant microstrains.
The recorded compressive and tensile microstrains for the tested designs were within the physiologic loading range, as they did not exceed the compressive or tensile strength of the bone-implant interf...
Regarding the effect of superstructure material on induced microstrains, generally, different implant designs supporting Lava Ultimate crowns showed higher mean microstrain values(1927.3 ± 1536.6 μɛ), in comparison with those supporting metal crowns (1313.7 ± 973.1 μɛ).Theoretical considerations [44, 45] and in vitro experiments [46,47,48,49] suggest that an occlusal material with ...
Regarding the effect of direction of loading on induced microstrains, it was shown that changing the position of occlusal loading had a considerable effect on the amount of distribution of stresses where axial loading generated even distribution of load around the implant in comparison to off-axial loading where stresses were more pronounced in the area of load application. This might be due to th...
Previous studies have shown that direct correlations exist between microstrain magnitudes and bone stability/instability conditions. This has been summarized by Frost, when bone is loaded below about 2000 microstrains, bone can easily repair what little microdamage occurs. Yet, when pathologic overloading occurs (over 4000 microstrains), stress and strain gradients exceed the physiologic tolerance...
To replace a missing lower molar in compromised ridge, different treatment options were suggested, using either a standard size implant with surgical procedures, short-wide implant, or two mini implants. Concerning the use of mini implant, splinted multiple implants increase the surface area that interfaces with the bone to lessen the per square millimeters of force borne by the bone [11]. The imp...
Results revealed that standard implant showed the statistically significantly highest mean microstrain values (3362.4 ± 757.4 μɛ). Double mini implant showed statistically significantly lower mean microstrain values (801.6 ± 251.4 μɛ), while short-wide implant showed the statistically significantly lowest mean microstrain values (697.6 ± 79.7 μɛ), with a P value
Data were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) values. Data were explored for normality by checking data distribution and histograms, calculating mean and median values, and finally using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality. Stress data showed non-parametric distribution, so the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare between the types of implants. The Mann-Whitney U te...
Each crown was cemented to its corresponding implant-abutment assembly using temporary cement (Cavex Temporary Cement, Cavex, Holland).
Each implant received 4 strain gauges (Kowa strain gages, Japan) placed on the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of the epoxy resin adjacent to the implants. At these selected sites, the thickness of the epoxy resin surrounding each implant was reduced...
In the present study, the following materials were used: titanium root form endosseous implants of standard diameter and length (4-mm platform, 3.8-mm diameter,12-mm length, fixture bevel 0.2 mm, Super Line System, Dentium, USA), short-wide implant (7-mm platform, 5.8-mm diameter, 7-mm length, Super Line System, Dentium, Seoul, Korea) with 1.5-mm machined surface and 5.5-mm threaded surface that ...
There are several factors that affect force magnitudes in peri-implant bone. The application of functional forces induces stresses and strains within the implant prosthesis complex and affect the bone remodeling process around implants [8, 9].
While there are several methods of measuring strain, the most common is with a strain gauge, a device whose electrical resistance varies in proportion to t...
The molars are one of the first teeth to be lost over lifetime; thus, their replacement is frequently needed. Implantation is generally the preferred choice to replace a missing single tooth avoiding vital teeth preparation and bridge fabrication [1].
The mandibular bone loss occurs as knife-edge residual ridge where there is marked narrowing of the labiolingual diameter of the crest of the ridge...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical response of the peri-implant bone to standard, short-wide, and double mini implants replacing missing molar supporting either hybrid ceramic crowns (Lava Ultimate restorative) or full-metal crowns under two different loading conditions (axial and off-axial loading) using strain gauge analysis.
Three single-molar implant designs, (1) single, ...
Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J.M., Cabaña-Muñoz, M.E., Merino, J.J. et al. Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the replacement of upper molars.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2
Download citation
Received: 13 October 2016
Accepted: 22 December 2016
Published: 20 February 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Periodontics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia (Spain), Murcia, Spain
Arturo Sánchez-Pérez
Clínica CIROM, Murcia, 30001, Spain
José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz & José Joaquín Merino
Clínica Odontologíca Universitaria, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/ Marqués de los Vélez s/n, Murcia, 30008, Spain
Arturo Sánchez-...
Bormann K-H, Gellrich N-C, Kniha H, Dard M, Wieland M, Gahlert M. Biomechanical evaluation of a microstructured zirconia implant by a removal torque comparison with a standard Ti-SLA implant. Clin oral implants res. 2012;23:1210–6.
Oliva J, Oliva X, Oliva JD. One-year follow-up of first consecutive 100 zirconia dental implants in humans: a comparison of 2 different rough surfaces. Int j oral ma...
Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand j plast reconstr surg suppl. 1977;16:1–132.
Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM. TécnicaAtraumática en Implantología. Rev esp odontoestomatológica implant. 11:30–5.
Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Cabaña-Mu...
Zirconia implants with PEEK restorations can be considered a good alternative for replacing natural teeth. Their biocompatibility and biostability make them a promising material for those patients who suffer from allergies and sensitivity to metal alloys.
PEEK restorations are a valid and alternative recommendation when using zirconia implants because of their cushioning effect and elastic modulu...
In addition to PEEK, new coatings based on PMMA or composite materials (Anaxblent®Anaxdent®, Nexco®Ivoclar®, Solidex®Shofu®, Novo.lign®Bredent®, etc.) which incorporate ceramic fillings have been developed. Due to their molecular structure, these materials have excellent density and homogeneity [24]. The micro filling integrated into the polymer matrix increases abrasion resistance, at the...
In terms of the load-cushioning capacity of the prosthetic elements, the use of PEEK as a prosthetic structure on implants has increased in recent years [14]. PEEK is a high-density thermoplastic polymer with a linear aromatic semi-crystalline structure that has exceptional physical and chemical properties as regards toughness, hardness and elasticity. Also, its low molecular weight, combined with...
Fifteen days after surgery, the appearance of the soft tissue was excellent, with no signs of inflammation in the mucosa. The patient mentioned the absence of bleeding and pain during the post-operation period. At the same time, we made a clinical and radiological evaluation. Three months after surgery, the stumps of the implants were carved to improve their parallelism with a special diamond dril...
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years previously.
Clinica...
In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium [1], which are still the most popular.
The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials.
An example of this is zirconia-based dental i...
One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties.
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record of interest with a longitudinal fracture i...
Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially
Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially
Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially
Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially
Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces of epoxy resin adjacent to mini implants
Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces of epoxy resin adjacent to mini implants
Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two mini implants.
Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two mini implants.
Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants
Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants
Fig. 1. a Standard, b short-wide, and c single-piece mini implants
Crown
Implant type
Axial
Off-axial
P-value
Mean
SD
...
Axial
Off-axial
P value
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
...
Lava Ultimate
crowns
Metal
crowns
P value
Mean
SD
Mean
...
Load
Crown type
Standard
Short-wide
Double mini
P value
...
Standard
Short-wide
Double mini
P value
Mean
SD
Mean
...
Elfadaly, L.S., Khairallah, L.S. & Al Agroudy, M.A. Peri-implant biomechanical responses to standard, short-wide, and double mini implants replacing missing molar supporting hybrid ceramic or full-metal crowns under axial and off-axial loading: an in vitro study.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 31 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0094-2
Download citation
Received: 14 Februar...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
The authors L.S.Elfadaly, L.S.Kheirallah, and M.A.Alagroudy state that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Lamiaa Said Elfadaly, Lamiaa Sayed Khairallah & Mona Atteya Al Agroudy
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
LSE have...
Gracis S, Nicholls J, Chalupnik J, Yuodelis R. Shock-absorbing behavior of five restorative materials used on implants. Int J Prosthodont. 1990;4:282–91.
Skalak R. Biomechanical considerations in osseointegrated prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;49:843–8.
Misch C. Clinical biomechanics in implant dentistry, Contemporary Implant Dentistry. 3rd ed. 2008. p. 543–56. mosby,inc.
Lundgren D, La...
Himmlova L, Dostalova T, Kacovsky A, Konvickova S. Influence of implant length and diameter on stress distribution: a finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;91(1):20–5.
Shetty S, Puthukkat N, Bhat S, Shenoy K. Short implants: a new dimension in rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla and mandible. Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry. 2014;4(2):66.
Misch C, Bidez M. Contemporary implant d...
Barbier L, Vander SJ, Krzesinski G, Schepers E, Van der Perre G. Finite element analysis of non-axial versus axial loading of oral implants in the mandible of the dog. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25(11):847–58.
Saime S, Murat C, Emine Y. The influence of functional forces on the biomechanics of implant-supported prostheses—a review. J Dent. 2002;30:271–82.
Balshi T, Hernandez R, Pryszlak M, Range...
Mazor Z, Lorean A, Mijiritsky E, Levin L. Replacement of a molar with 2 narrow diameter dental implants. Implant Dent. 2012;21(1):36–8.
Atwood D. Postextraction changes in the adult mandible as illustrated by micrographs of midsagittal sections and serial cephalometric roentgenograms. J Prosthet Dent. 1963;13:810–24.
Felice P, Pellegrino G, Checchi L, Pistilli R, Esposito M. Vertical augment...
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the following conclusions could be drawn:
Implant design, superstructure material, and load direction significantly affect peri-implant microstrains.
The recorded compressive and tensile microstrains for the tested designs were within the physiologic loading range, as they did not exceed the compressive or tensile strength of the bone-implant interf...
Regarding the effect of superstructure material on induced microstrains, generally, different implant designs supporting Lava Ultimate crowns showed higher mean microstrain values(1927.3 ± 1536.6 μɛ), in comparison with those supporting metal crowns (1313.7 ± 973.1 μɛ).Theoretical considerations [44, 45] and in vitro experiments [46,47,48,49] suggest that an occlusal material with ...
Regarding the effect of direction of loading on induced microstrains, it was shown that changing the position of occlusal loading had a considerable effect on the amount of distribution of stresses where axial loading generated even distribution of load around the implant in comparison to off-axial loading where stresses were more pronounced in the area of load application. This might be due to th...
Previous studies have shown that direct correlations exist between microstrain magnitudes and bone stability/instability conditions. This has been summarized by Frost, when bone is loaded below about 2000 microstrains, bone can easily repair what little microdamage occurs. Yet, when pathologic overloading occurs (over 4000 microstrains), stress and strain gradients exceed the physiologic tolerance...
To replace a missing lower molar in compromised ridge, different treatment options were suggested, using either a standard size implant with surgical procedures, short-wide implant, or two mini implants. Concerning the use of mini implant, splinted multiple implants increase the surface area that interfaces with the bone to lessen the per square millimeters of force borne by the bone [11]. The imp...
Results revealed that standard implant showed the statistically significantly highest mean microstrain values (3362.4 ± 757.4 μɛ). Double mini implant showed statistically significantly lower mean microstrain values (801.6 ± 251.4 μɛ), while short-wide implant showed the statistically significantly lowest mean microstrain values (697.6 ± 79.7 μɛ), with a P value
Data were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) values. Data were explored for normality by checking data distribution and histograms, calculating mean and median values, and finally using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality. Stress data showed non-parametric distribution, so the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare between the types of implants. The Mann-Whitney U te...
Each crown was cemented to its corresponding implant-abutment assembly using temporary cement (Cavex Temporary Cement, Cavex, Holland).
Each implant received 4 strain gauges (Kowa strain gages, Japan) placed on the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of the epoxy resin adjacent to the implants. At these selected sites, the thickness of the epoxy resin surrounding each implant was reduced...
In the present study, the following materials were used: titanium root form endosseous implants of standard diameter and length (4-mm platform, 3.8-mm diameter,12-mm length, fixture bevel 0.2 mm, Super Line System, Dentium, USA), short-wide implant (7-mm platform, 5.8-mm diameter, 7-mm length, Super Line System, Dentium, Seoul, Korea) with 1.5-mm machined surface and 5.5-mm threaded surface that ...
There are several factors that affect force magnitudes in peri-implant bone. The application of functional forces induces stresses and strains within the implant prosthesis complex and affect the bone remodeling process around implants [8, 9].
While there are several methods of measuring strain, the most common is with a strain gauge, a device whose electrical resistance varies in proportion to t...
The molars are one of the first teeth to be lost over lifetime; thus, their replacement is frequently needed. Implantation is generally the preferred choice to replace a missing single tooth avoiding vital teeth preparation and bridge fabrication [1].
The mandibular bone loss occurs as knife-edge residual ridge where there is marked narrowing of the labiolingual diameter of the crest of the ridge...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical response of the peri-implant bone to standard, short-wide, and double mini implants replacing missing molar supporting either hybrid ceramic crowns (Lava Ultimate restorative) or full-metal crowns under two different loading conditions (axial and off-axial loading) using strain gauge analysis.
Three single-molar implant designs, (1) single, ...
Fig. 5. SEM images of the mesial margin of abrasion under topography contrast (a) and material contrast (b)
Fig. 5. SEM images of the mesial margin of abrasion under topography contrast (a) and material contrast (b)
Fig. 4. Luting agent located mostly in the crown (a) and only sparsely on the implant (b). A crown fragment is remaining on the implant
Fig. 4. Luting agent located mostly in the crown (a) and only sparsely on the implant (b). A crown fragment is remaining on the implant
Fig. 3. Area of abrasion (yellow surface) and maximum vertical wear (arrow)
Fig. 3. Area of abrasion (yellow surface) and maximum vertical wear (arrow)
Fig. 2. Four replicas on specimen stubs and foam pellets in the sample holder of the Micro-CT
Fig. 2. Four replicas on specimen stubs and foam pellets in the sample holder of the Micro-CT
Fig. 1. Luted crown on embedded implant before chewing simulation
Fig. 1. Luted crown on embedded implant before chewing simulation
ANOVA results
Pull-out forces
Maximum wear
Volume wear
F (df)
0.02 (3, 16)
...
CS round (n)
Pull-out forces
Maximum wear
Volume wear
#1 (5)
319.6 (75.4)
...
Voltage
60 kV
Amperage
167 μA
Filter
No filter
...
Baumgart, P., Kirsten, H., Haak, R. et al. Biomechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated ceramic crowns on one-piece zirconia implants after long-term chewing simulation.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 16 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0127-5
Download citation
Received: 16 November 2017
Accepted: 20 March 2018
Published: 23 May 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s4072...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Not applicable
Not applicable
Pia Baumgart, Holger Kirsten, Rainer Haak, and Constanze Olms declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Department of Dental Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, Haus 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
Pia Baumgart
Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Haertelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
Holger Kirsten
LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, ...
The authors would like to thank T. Meißner for the lab support.
Not applicable
The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available. Availability of data and materials by the corresponding author: constanze.olms@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
Coldea A, Swain MV, Thiel N. Mechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials. Dent Mater. 2013;29:419–26.
Dirxen C, Blunck U, Preissner S. Clinical performance of a new biomimetic double network material. Open Dent J. 2013;7:118–22.
Della Bona A, Corazza PH, Zhang Y. Characterization of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material. Dent Mater. 2014;30:564–9.
Keul ...
Guess PR, Att W, Strub JR. Zirconia in Fixed Implant Prosthodontics. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14:633-45
Wilson TG Jr. The Positive Relationship Between Excess Cement and Peri-Implant Disease: A prospective Clinical Endoscopic Study. J Periodontol. 2009;80:1388–92.
Schwenter J, Schmidli F, Weiger R, Fischer J. Adhesive bonding to polymer infiltrated ceramic. Dent Mater J. 2016;35:796...
Three-dimensional space
Analysis of variance
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing
confidence interval (exact) according to Clopper-Pearson
Chewing simulation
degrees of freedom
Et alii/et aliae/et alia
F test
Mean
X-ray micro-computed tomography
Number
p value
Polymer-infiltrated ceramic network
Standard deviation
Scanning electron microscope
Vita Enamic
The present study demonstrates that elastic PICN crowns on rigid one-piece zirconia implants seem to be a promising material combination for clinical practice. Though the crowns suffered major wear after CS, the stability was not affected, and no catastrophic failure occurred. However, clinical trials are essential to examine the behavior of the material combination, especially in comparison to ot...
The missing comparison to other PICN materials can be considered a limitation of the study. Since VE is a unicum in the family of PICN materials, it is difficult to find an appropriate material of comparison, especially since Lava Ultimate (3M Espe), a resin nanoceramic, is no longer indicated as a crown material due to a high rate of loosening. The review of Mainjot et al. reported that the loose...
In the study of Naumova et al., volume and vertical wear of PICN crowns, compared to other materials such as a nanoceramic resin and a lithium silicate reinforced ceramic after CS, were tested [11]. They used the same settings of CS as in the present study, but the crowns were luted to extracted molars instead of implants and extracted molars as antagonists were used as well. Concerning volume and...
To the best of our knowledge, it was the first time that the biomechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated ceramic crowns on one-piece zirconia implants after long-term chewing simulation were examined. The present in vitro study investigated the biomechanical properties concerning surface wear and bond strength. No fractures occurred during long-term chewing simulation, and the abrasion of the ...
No failure occurred as none of the tested crowns or implants was fractured or loosened during or after CS.
The tested crowns showed a maximum wear depth of M = 0.31 ± 0.04 mm (mean ± SD) and volume wear of M = 0.74 ± 0.23 mm3 (mean ± SD). Table 2 shows the mean and standard deviation of assessed parameters (pull-out forces, maximum wear, volume wear) of each round o...
For volume assessment of abrasion, each 3D data set was segmented before and after CS in CTAn (CTAnalyzer V.1.15.4.0, Bruker microCT). Both data sets were overlapped, and the remaining volume of abrasion quantified in pixels and converted into cubic millimeters.
The maximum wear depth was determined by “blowing up” virtual bullets within the surface of abrasion. The diameter of the most massi...
The specimens attached to the parallelometer were perpendicularly recessed until only the upper coils of the implants were on view.
To produce replicas of the specimens from the experimental group, the crowns’ occlusal was cast using VPS Hydro Putty und VPS Hydro Light Body (Henry Schein Inc., New York, USA) before and after CS. The impression was grouted with Stycast 1266 (Loctite Henkel Elect...
Twenty-five PICN crowns (Vita Enamic, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) for premolars were produced using CAD/CAM technology and polished with the Vita Enamic Polishing Set Technical (Vita Zahnfabrik) as recommended by the manufacturer. All crowns were bonded to identical one-piece zirconia testing implants. The implants were turned from pre-sintered zirconia blocks (VITA In-Ceram® 2000 ...
The demand for tooth-colored dental restorations has increased rapidly within the last few years. Ceramic restorations can often meet these requirements. In dental implantology, zirconia especially—due to its esthetical advantage as well as high flexural strength and outstanding biocompatibility—has gained importance [1]. On the other hand, one-piece zirconia implants are not yet commonly use...
Implant and superstructure provide a complex system, which has to withstand oral conditions. Concerning the brittleness of many ceramics, fractures are a greatly feared issue. Therefore, polymer-infiltrated ceramic networks (PICNs) were developed. Because of its high elastic modulus, the PICN crown on a one-piece zirconia implant might absorb forces to prevent the system from fracturing in order ...
Fig. 6. Roughness (Sa) box plot
Fig. 6. Roughness (Sa) box plot
Fig. 5. 3D profile
Fig. 5. 3D profile
Fig. 4. CLSM
Fig. 4. CLSM
Fig. 3. SEM for localization of EDX analysis
Fig. 3. SEM for localization of EDX analysis
Fig. 2. SEM. White arrow (→) exemplary mark the droplet like shape of surface as described in the text
Fig. 2. SEM. White arrow (→) exemplary mark the droplet like shape of surface as described in the text
Fig. 1. Diagram of different implant areas used for sampling. 1) Machined (untreated) area. 2) rough (treated) area
Fig. 1. Diagram of different implant areas used for sampling. 1) Machined (untreated) area. 2) rough (treated) area
Amplitude parameters
Group
Name
Sa (μm)
Machined area
WhiteSKY
...
Element composition/semi-quantitative evaluation
Location
Type
Zr at %min–at %max
Hf at %
Y at %min–at %max...
NoneTable 1 Five commercially available ceramic implants and surface characteristics
Beger, B., Goetz, H., Morlock, M. et al. In vitro surface characteristics and impurity analysis of five different commercially available dental zirconia implants.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0124-8
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Received: 11 December 2017
Accepted: 08 February 2018
Published: 26 April 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
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Beger B, Goetz H, Morlock M, Schiegnitz E, and Al-Nawas B declare that they have no competing interests.
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Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
B. Beger, M. Morlock, E. Schiegnitz & B. Al-Nawas
Biomaterials in Medicine (BioAPP), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
H. Goetz
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Papanagiotou HP, Morgano SM, Giordano RA, Pober R. In vitro evaluation of low-temperature aging effects and finishing procedures on the flexural strength and structural stability of Y-TZP dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;96(3):154–64.
Ewais OH, Al Abbassy F, Ghoneim MM, Aboushelib MN. Novel zirconia surface treatments for enhanced osseointegration: laboratory characterization. Int J Dent....
Ong JL, Carnes DL, Cardenas HL, Cavin R. Surface roughness of titanium on bone morphogenetic protein-2 treated osteoblast cells in vitro. Implant Dent. 1997;6(1):19–24.
Schwartz Z, Kieswetter K, Dean DD, Boyan BD. Underlying mechanisms at the bone-surface interface during regeneration. J Periodontal Res. 1997;32(1 Pt 2):166–71.
Al-Nawas B, Gotz H. Three-dimensional topographic and metrologic...
Jacobi-Gresser E, Huesker K, Schutt S. Genetic and immunological markers predict titanium implant failure: a retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42(4):537–43.
Wenz HJ, Bartsch J, Wolfart S, Kern M. Osseointegration and clinical success of zirconia dental implants: a systematic review. Int J Prosthodont. 2008;21(1):27–36.
Shulte W. The intra-osseous Al2O3 (Frialit) Tuebingen...
Aluminum oxide
Ceramic injection molding
Confocal laser scanning microscopy
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Hot isostatic pressing
Implant
Kilovolt
Millibar
Megapascal
Nanometer
Area roughness parameter
Scanning electron microscopy
Sandblasted, Large-grit, Acid-etched
Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystalline
Micrometer
New ceramic implants are showing a variety of surface characteristics due to different manufacturing processes as shown by other groups [2, 28]. The surface structures of the investigated implants are close to titanium implants. If the surface characteristics really have a high influence on osseointegration, ceramic implants cannot yet compare to the long experience with titanium. However, there a...
The semi-quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) can be used to further analyze the components of the implant surface. None of the implants showed any impurity or unexpected results. Implants 4 and 5 showed yttrium under the detection limit in the EDX analysis. This could be caused by the lower dosage of yttrium endowment in the stabilization processing in comparison to other impla...
The surface shape (droplet-like surface), which was observed in the SEM samples, can be caused due to the sintering process in which ceramic powder was melted and then formed. Different particle, immersion, and droplet sizes can also change due to possible reasons like usage of various types and dosages of acid for the etching process and change of exposure time to acid effect. A longer exposure t...
Implant surface characteristics are of ongoing scientific interest. Implants made from titanium are still the most common to be used. Titanium implants are made from alpha-beta alloy which consists of 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V). These materials have low density, high strength, and resistance to fatigue and corrosion, and their modulus of elasticity is closer to the bone than any other...
Implant 2 (Sa 1.27 μm ± 0.24) and implant 5 (Sa 1.22 μm ± 0.36) show the highest roughness values (Sa) of all tested implants: Straumann’s pure ceramic implant was blasted and etched and shows the overall highest Sa value in the rough area. Implant 3 (vitaclinical) shows correspondingly lower Sa around 1.05 μm (± 0.17) (Table 3). The lowest Sa value could be found in implant ...
SEM micrographs presented in Fig. 2 demonstrate the dissimilarity of the sample surface microstructure. Implant 1 shows an overall smoother surface and a slaty-like surface without evidence of a typical etching process. The surface shows sparse roughness. Implants 2–4 show deep markings from their brand’s specific etching and sandblasting processes. In × 10,000 magnification, immersions ca...
Subsequently, the depth map images are imported in the SPIP™ 4.2.6 (Image Metrology) software for roughness and texture evaluation. According to the ISO 25178-2 reference, all surface roughness parameters implemented in SPIP™ are evaluated and classified as amplitude, hybrid, functional, and spatial parameters. Selected values are shown in Table 3.
Analysis of the element composition of the implant surfaces by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was performed with an INCA Energy 350 system (Oxford Instruments, Wiesbaden, Germany) coupled with the SEM Quanta 200 FEG (Fig. 2). Similar to the micro-morphological presentation, each implant was divided into comparable sites of interest. Typical areas were selected and evaluated (...
The following five commercially available dental zirconia implants were used in this study (Table 1). Bredent whiteSKY™ implant (I1) is made from unground Brezirkon™, an yttrium oxide (Y2O3)-stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconium oxide and is sandblasted. Zirconium oxide is endowed with 3 mol% yttrium oxide to gain a rectangle and room temperature stable structure [17]. Straumann® ...
Dental implants have become a well-established treatment method for oral rehabilitation after tooth loss. Pure titanium is still the material of choice when it comes to dental intraosseous implants and has been used for decades. However, titanium implants have esthetic limitations, especially in the front aspect of the maxillary jaw. The recession of the gingiva can lead to visible implant necks. ...
The aim of this study was to assess surface characteristics, element composition, and surface roughness of five different commercially available dental zirconia implants.
Five zirconia implants (Bredent whiteSKY™ (I1), Straumann® PURE Ceramic (I2), ceramic.implant vitaclinical (I3), Zeramex® (I4), Ceralog Monobloc M10 (I5)) were evaluated.
The evaluation was performed by means of scanning el...
Figure 4. Bone implant contact of different test groups
Figure 3. a Stained histomorphometric section demonstrating bone implant contact of uncoated zirconia implant. b Stained histomorphometric section demonstrating bone implant contact of HA–hybrid–zirconia surface. c Stained histomorphometric section demonstrating bone implant contact of PRP–hybrid–zirconia surface
Figure 3. a Stained histomorphometric section demonstrating bone...
Figure 2. a SEM image, ×10,000, demonstrating the characteristic porous surface of selective infiltration etching surface of zirconia. b SEM image, ×500, demonstrating deposition of PRP coat and complete filling of the porous surface. c SEM image, ×500, demonstrating filling of the porous surface with particles of HA
Figure 2. a SEM image, ×10,000, demonstrating the characteristic...
Figure 1. a Mercury porosimetry and the average pore diameter of the prepared implants. b EDX analysis of hybrid–zirconia surface showing peaks of zirconia, calcium, and phosphate. Ca/P ratio is 1.67. c XRD peaks of uncoated and bioactive implants showing characteristic peaks specific for tetragonal yttrium zirconium oxide crystal system represented by (101), (112), (200), and (211) a...
References
Pye AD, Lockhart DEA, Dawson MP, et al. A review of dental implants and infection. J Hosp Infect. 2009;72:104–10.
Heydecke G, Thomason JM, Lund JP, Feine JS. The impact of conventional and implant supported prostheses on social and sexual activities in edentulous adults: results from a randomized trial 2 months after treatment. J Dent. 2005;33:649–57.
Albrektsson T, Branema...
Discussion
Several techniques were previously tested for coating hydroxyl apatite particles in the surface of implants as the following: thermal (plasma) spraying, dipping coating, electrochemical deposition, sputter coating, pulsed laser deposition, and sol-gel technique. Many parameters determined the performance of HA coating both in vitro and in vivo, including chemical composition, crystal...
Results
Mercury porosimetry revealed comparable (F = 0.047, P
Methods
Preparation of zirconia implants
CAD/CAM zirconia milling blocks (NobelBiocare, Göteborg, Sweden) were used for preparation of zirconia implants (cylinders 3.7 mm × 8 mm). The milled implants were sintered according to manufacturer recommendations (1350 °C for 6 h). To produce a nano-porous surface, all specimens were subjected to selective infiltration etching (SIE) techniq...
Background
Dental implants became one of the most reliable techniques used to restore missing teeth. Material composition and surface topography play a fundamental role in osseointegration. Therefore, various chemical and physical surface modifications have been developed to improve osseous healing around the inserted implants. Two main approaches have been suggested to improve surface properti...
Bioactive–hybrid–zirconia implant surface for enhancing osseointegration: an in vivo study
Abstract
Background
Zirconia is characterized by a hard, dense, and chemically inert surface which requires additional surface treatments in order to enhance osseointegration. The proposed hypothesis of the study was that combination of a nano-porous surface infiltrated with a bioactive material may...
Figure 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown
Figure 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory
Figure 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view
Figure 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)
Figure 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment
To avoid exceeding the adaptive limits of the bone and maintain the proper stimulation of mechanical stress that will keep the bone vital, PEEK components seem a viable alternative to obtaining a similar modulus to that of cortical bone. In this way, bone could be stimulated, favouring remodelling without overload. It would concentrate the load by absorbing and distributing the same. Its cap...
Discussion
Intraoral conditions (saliva pH, acidic drinks, bacterial plaque, etc.) interact with metals, increasing corrosion, a phenomenon that also affects titanium implants. Amongst other reasons, this is whereby patients increasingly request the use of materials free of metallic alloys. In response to this growing demand, zirconia implants are considered an alternative, due to their low...
Case presentation
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years...
Background
In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium, which are still the most popular.
The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials.
An example of this is zirconia-based...
Abstract
Background
One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties.
Case presentation
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record...
Figure 6. Figure 6. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on bone. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively. The stress concentration occurred in the cortical bone around the neck of the implant. Groups L-M and ZL-M were quite similar and reduced stress
Figure 5. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on abutment. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively. Von Mises stresses were relatively similar and concentrated at the coronal part of the abutment in all groups
Figure 5. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on abutment. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively. Von Mises stresses were relatively similar and concentrated ...
Figure 4. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on implant. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively
Figure 4. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on implant. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively
Figure 3. a–d Maximum principal stress distribution on crown restoration. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively
Figure 3. a–d Maximum principal stress distribution on crown restoration. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively
Figure 2. The graph of the interaction of the materials and restoration design
Group
N
Mean (N)
Standard deviation
Minimum
Maximum
L-M
12
2891.88a
410.12
2079.74
3486.96
L-V
12
2077.37bc
356.59
1220.96
2493.39
ZL-M
12
1750.28c
314.96
1084.36
2163.95
ZL-V
12
2202.55b
503.14
1292.20
2912.81
Material
Young’s modulus (GPa)
Poisson ratio
Reference
E.max CAD
95
0.20
[1]
Vita Suprinity
65
0.23
[2]
Vita VM 11
65
0.23
*
E.max Ceram
64
0.23
[4]
Implant and abutment
114
0.34
[5]
Cortical bone
13.7
0.3
[5]
Spongious bone
1
0.3
[5]
Figure 1. Crown restoration design
Groups
N
Materials
L-M
12
IPS e-max CADIPS e.max CAD glaze
L-V
12
IPS e-max CADe.max Ceram DentinIPS e.max Ceram Glaze
ZL-M
12
Vita SuprinityVita Akzent Plus
ZL-V
12
Vita SuprinityVM-11Vita Akzent Plus
Material
Chemical composition (%)
Coefficient of thermal expansion (10−6 K−1)
Flexural strength (MPa)
Manufacturer
IPS e.max CAD; lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDS)
SiO2 (57–80), Li2O (11–19), K2O (0–13), P2O5 (0–11), ZrO2 (0–8), ZnO (0–8), Al2O3 (0–5), MgO (0–5), coloring oxides (0–8)
10.2
360
Ivoclar Vivadent
IPS e.max Ceram; low-fusing nan...
Conclusions
Within the limitation of the present study, it can be concluded that the restoration design affected the failure load of ceramics. Monolithic design had a statistically significant effect on the failure load of two different ceramics (LDS > ZLS). Veneer application had opposite effects on two different ceramics which increased the failure load of ZLS and reduced it for LDS witho...
Zheng et al. compared the stress distribution of the same veneering ceramic on different cores and concluded that the zirconia core was clearly different from other materials with higher tensile stresses at the veneer core interface because the increasing differences between the elasticity modulus of the core and the veneer transmitted higher stress concentrations to the cores. Con...
Veneer application provided additional strength to the ZLS crowns in contrast to the LDS crowns. The higher failure load of the veneered ZLS crowns (2202.55 N; group L-V 2077.37 N) may be associated with the higher flexural strength of the veneering porcelain VM-11 (100 MPa; emax Ceram 90 MPa). These veneered groups had a statistically significant difference from the monoli...
Similar results were presented in a study of Traini et al. as it was concluded that ZLS was comparable to that of existing zirconia-based ceramics and was suitable for oral function even in the posterior regions. In the literature, there have been few studies on this ceramic and a limited number of them include the failure load of the material. In one of these studi...
In literature, it has been stated that the failure load of LDS crowns was higher than veneered zirconia and could be comparable with metal ceramic systems. Doğan et al. evaluated the fracture strength of different CAD/CAM-manufactured crowns and concluded that the monolithic LDS crowns had the highest fracture resistance. Present study confirmed as monolithic LDS crowns demonstrated so satisfying...
Discussion
Implant-supported restorations have been accepted as an alternative treatment for the rehabilitation of edentulous spaces. Despite the high success rates, implant failures are inevitable and classified as early or late implant failures. Late implant failures are observed after prosthetic restoration which is primarily related to biomechanical complications. Since occlusal loads are t...
Results
Descriptive analysis (mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum, maximum) of the groups is presented in Table 4.
Group L-M exhibited the highest failure load values (2891.88 N ± 410.12 N), and the lowest values were observed in group ZL-M (1750.28 N ± 314.96 N). Two-way ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference between materials and veneering technique (p = 0.00 < ...
Statistical analysis
The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 24.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test was used to evaluate whether the data distribution of the groups was normal. The homogeneity of the variances was analyzed by Levene’s test. Since test results indicated that data distribution of the groups was normal and the variances were homogenous,...
All crowns were subjected to a combination firing that included crystallization and glaze firing according to each manufacturer’s guidelines in the ceramic furnace (Vita Vacumat 6000 M, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany).
For veneered restorations, the design mode was changed to “split,” and the core was constructed in 0.6-mm thickness. In group L-V (n = 12), e.max ...
Methods
Preparation of test groups
This study tested the current glass ceramic ZLS by comparing LDS with monolithic and conventional veneering techniques in implant-supported crowns: group L-M: lithium disilicate ceramic (monolithic), group L-V: lithium disilicate ceramic (conventional veneering), group ZL-M: zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (monolithic), group ZL-V: zirconia-reinf...
Background
Implants have been successfully used to replace missing teeth for many years. Notwithstanding the high success rates, complications such as screw loosening and/or fracture, prosthesis fracture, and even implant fracture are inevitable. The reasons of the complication may be related to decreased proprioception and low tactile sensitivity which makes implant-supported crowns more susc...
Abstract
Background
Present study compared the failure load of CAD/CAM-manufactured implant-supported crowns and the stress distribution on the prosthesis-implant-bone complex with different restoration techniques.
Methods
The materials were divided into four groups: group L-M: lithium disilicate ceramic (LDS, monolithic), group L-V: LDS ceramic (veneering), group ZL-M: zirconia-reinforced l...
Biopsi jaringan peri-implant diambil dari 15 pasien (berusia 34 hingga 88 tahun, enam laki-laki / sembilan perempuan) dengan peri-implantitis parah (delapan implant keramik, tujuh implant titanium) (lihat Tabel S1 dalam Jurnal Periodontologi online). Keberadaan makrofag, Limfosit-B, Limfosit-T, dan sel plasma diidentifikasi dalam semua sampel. Mikrograf yang menggambarkan lesi peri-implantitis unt...
n
p50
Mean
SD
Min.
Max.
Titanium
CD3
7
928
2,483
2,395
34
6,215
CD20
7
179
477
634
2
1,663
CD68
7
431
489
435
5
1,032
CD138
7
2,663
4,612
7,985
11
22,340
Ceramic
CD3
8
2,915
3,755
2,241
2,324
8,980
CD20
8
533
1,165
1,212
340
3,283
CD68
8
519
529
25...
Gambar 4. Plot tumpuk (stacked plot) menunjukkan respon kekebalan spesifik pasien. Sebaran persentase sel diwarnai dengan CD3, CD20, CD68, dan CD138 untuk setiap pasien (pasien 1 sampai 15)
Figure 4. Stacked plot demonstrated a patient‐specific immune response. Percentage distribution of cells stained with CD3, CD20, CD68, and CD138 for each patient (patients 1 to 15)
Figure 3. Biopsies derived from tissue around ceramic and titanium implants demonstrated the same numerical distribution of cell population (CD3, CD20, CD68, CD138). Cell count of each antibody in peri‐implantitis around ceramic (blue) and titanium (green) implants
Figure 2. Biopsies retrieved from peri‐implantitis tissue around titanium and ceramic implants.
Figure 2. Biopsies retrieved from peri‐implantitis tissue around titanium and ceramic implants. Staining was performed using hematoxylin and immunostaining against CD3, CD20, CD68, and CD138. Magnification ×5 and ×40, respectively.
Figure 1. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in 20 randomly selected ROIs (Region of Interests).
Figure 1. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in 20 randomly selected ROIs (Region of Interests). The ROIs comprised a size of 500 × 800 µm at magnification of ×15.5. Pictures of the ROIs were taken and positive cells in the ROIs were counted using ImageJ. The results were evaluated by...
Furthermore, the host‐response and interaction between lymphocyte‐ and monocyte‐macrophage lineage as well as the influence of nano‐ and microparticles on the microbial biofilm and cytokine release in peri‐implant inflammation is not elucidated and future studies could shed more light on the etiological discussion.
Within this study, the first histological comparison of human peri‐imp...
Since variations regarding cell‐type distribution on the patient level were detected, the present results may suggest an immune response associated with patient‐specific parameters like implant biofilm/oral microbiome composition, different implant surface characteristics, different anatomical features like bone quality and soft tissue condition, different and/or combined etiology pathways and...
The cellular composition of tissue with peri‐implantitis around zirconia‐based implants has never been explored before. The specific interaction of inflammatory cells in tissue with peri‐implantitis and their impact on peri‐implant osseous breakdown with regard to the implant material is still unknown. The present pilot study demonstrated that there is a similar histological appearance of ...
Biopsies of the peri‐implant tissue were retrieved from 15 patients (aged 34 to 88 years, six males/nine females) with severe peri‐implantitis (eight ceramic implants, seven titanium implants) (see Table S1 in online Journal of Periodontology). The presence of macrophages, B‐Lymphocytes, T‐Lymphocytes, and plasma cells was identified in all samples. Micrographs illustratin...
2.4 Immunohistochemical analysis
Sections were de‐waxed and incubated in DIVA antigen retrieval solution at 60°C overnight. The sections were incubated with a primary antibody for 30 minutes followed by incubation with Envision HRP labeled polymer for 30 minutes. Positive cells were detected using DAB substrate. The chosen antibodies were CD3 1:200 (T‐l...
The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany (Ethik‐Kommission Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität, Freiburg) No 337/04. This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013 and with EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) guidelines. Before en...
Oral implants enlarge the treatment options to replace missing teeth and have been proven to be successful as shown in systematic reviews with long‐term follow‐up. Although survival rates appear convincing, peri‐implantitis around dental implants is a challenge in daily practice, with a prevalence around 20%. The prevalence rate of peri‐implantitis is highly variable and seems to be affec...
Background
Aim of the pilot study was the histologic classification of the inflamed peri‐implant soft tissue around ceramic implants (CI) in comparison with titanium implants (TI).
Methods
Peri‐implant tissue were retrieved from 15 patients (aged 34 to 88 years, seven males/eight females) with severe peri‐implantitis (eight CI, seven TI). The peri‐implant soft tissue samples were retrie...