Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown
Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown
Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory
Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory
Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view
Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view
Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)
Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)
Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment
Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment
Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J.M., Cabaña-Muñoz, M.E., Merino, J.J. et al. Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the replacement of upper molars. Int J Implant Dent 3, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2
Download citation
Received: 13 October 2016
Accepted: 22 December 2016
Published: 20 February 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Periodontics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia (Spain), Murcia, Spain
Arturo Sánchez-Pérez
Clínica CIROM, Murcia, 30001, Spain
José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz & José Joaquín Merino
Clínica Odontologíca Universitaria, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/ Marqués de los Vélez s/n, Murcia, 30008, Spain
Arturo Sánchez-...
Bormann K-H, Gellrich N-C, Kniha H, Dard M, Wieland M, Gahlert M. Biomechanical evaluation of a microstructured zirconia implant by a removal torque comparison with a standard Ti-SLA implant. Clin oral implants res. 2012;23:1210–6.
Oliva J, Oliva X, Oliva JD. One-year follow-up of first consecutive 100 zirconia dental implants in humans: a comparison of 2 different rough surfaces. Int j oral ma...
Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand j plast reconstr surg suppl. 1977;16:1–132.
Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM. TécnicaAtraumática en Implantología. Rev esp odontoestomatológica implant. 11:30–5.
Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Cabaña-Mu...
Zirconia implants with PEEK restorations can be considered a good alternative for replacing natural teeth. Their biocompatibility and biostability make them a promising material for those patients who suffer from allergies and sensitivity to metal alloys.
PEEK restorations are a valid and alternative recommendation when using zirconia implants because of their cushioning effect and elastic modulu...
In addition to PEEK, new coatings based on PMMA or composite materials (Anaxblent®Anaxdent®, Nexco®Ivoclar®, Solidex®Shofu®, Novo.lign®Bredent®, etc.) which incorporate ceramic fillings have been developed. Due to their molecular structure, these materials have excellent density and homogeneity [24]. The micro filling integrated into the polymer matrix increases abrasion resistance, at the...
In terms of the load-cushioning capacity of the prosthetic elements, the use of PEEK as a prosthetic structure on implants has increased in recent years [14]. PEEK is a high-density thermoplastic polymer with a linear aromatic semi-crystalline structure that has exceptional physical and chemical properties as regards toughness, hardness and elasticity. Also, its low molecular weight, combined with...
Fifteen days after surgery, the appearance of the soft tissue was excellent, with no signs of inflammation in the mucosa. The patient mentioned the absence of bleeding and pain during the post-operation period. At the same time, we made a clinical and radiological evaluation. Three months after surgery, the stumps of the implants were carved to improve their parallelism with a special diamond dril...
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years previously.
Clinica...
In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium [1], which are still the most popular.
The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials.
An example of this is zirconia-based dental i...
One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties.
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record of interest with a longitudinal fracture i...
Fig. 4. e. Margins between bone defect and scaffold are less demarcated due to new bone growth
Fig. 4. a Peri-apical X-ray of zirconia scaffold immediately placed in bone defect. Margins between scaffold and bone are clearly demarcated. b Peri-apical X-ray of zirconia scaffold after completion of healing time. Margins between bone defect and scaffold are less demarcated due to new bone growth
Fig. 3. hite arrow). Mineralized bone formation (black arrow) was less dense compared to HA-enriched scaffolds. b Histological section showing different sizes of pores present in porous zirconia scaffolds (Control specimen). Mineralization started by lining pore walls (white arrow). Unmineralized bone stained blue
Fig. 3. a Histological section demonstrating bone growth in control zirconia sc...
Fig. 2. zirconia scaffold (black arrow). Unmineralized bone stained blue. Almost entire surface porosity was filled with new dense bone. b Histological section demonstrating bone growth in HA-enriched zirconia scaffold starting from the periphery of the surgical wound (white arrow). Islands of entrapped HA particles were surrounded by mineralized boney matrix (black arrow) which were identified ...
Fig. 1. rating agglomeration of nano-hydroxyapatite particles filling the porous structure
Fig. 1. a SEM image, ×10,000, demonstrating internal porosity of the fabricated zirconia scaffolds. b SEM image, ×30,500, demonstrating agglomeration of nano-hydroxyapatite particles filling the porous structure
Aboushelib, M.N., Shawky, R. Osteogenesis ability of CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds enriched with nano-hydroxyapatite particles. Int J Implant Dent 3, 21 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0082-6
Download citation
Received: 15 November 2016
Accepted: 08 May 2017
Published: 19 May 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0082-6
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion st, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
Moustafa N. Aboushelib
Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Rehab Shawky
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Correspondence to Moustafa...
Part of this study was supported by STDF reintegration grant number 489 and was performed in collaboration with the Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.
MNA prepared the specimens and performed the characterization process. He participated in preparation of histological section, data collection and analysis, and in preparation of the manuscript. RS performe...
Naleway SE, Fickas KC, Maker YN, Meyers MA, McKittrick J. Reproducibility of ZrO2-based freeze casting for biomaterials. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;61:105–12.
Song YG, Cho IH. Characteristics and osteogenic effect of zirconia porous scaffold coated with beta-TCP/HA. J Adv Prosthodont. 2014;6:285–94.
Okano T, et al. Absorbed and effective doses from cone beam volumetric imaging for...
Chiapasco M, Casentini P, Zaniboni M. Bone augmentation procedures in implant dentistry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24:237–59.
Rocchietta I, Fontana F, Simion M. Clinical outcomes of vertical bone augmentation to enable dental implant placement: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:203–15.
Louis PJ, Gutta R, Said-Al-Naief N, Bartolucci AA. Reconstruction of the maxilla ...
Within the limitations of this study, hydroxyapatite enhanced osteogenesis ability of porous zirconia scaffolds.
Histomorphometric analysis revealed that bone growth start to develop as early as 6 weeks by lining pore cavity walls. Mineralized bone matrix was observed to penetrate 1–2 mm under the surface of the scaffolds thus providing mechanical stability of the inserted prosthesis. Healing continued by filling the entire pore volume (Fig. 2a, b). The presence of nano-hydroxyapatite particles enhanced...
Porous scaffolds are designed to allow ingrowth of the surrounding bone within the internal porosity of the solid matrix. Different types of bioactive materials were mixed with zirconia to enhance bone formation. Two sizes of pores were incorporated in the structure of the fabricated scaffolds. Micro-pores in range of 50 μm constituted the majority of the entire pore volume (50 wt.%) of the fabr...
Mercury porosimetery revealed comparable (F = 0.057, P
Six weeks after insertion of the scaffolds, the animals were given an over dose of an anesthetic injection and section blocks were obtained by cutting the mandible maintaining 10 mm of sound bone around the scaffolds. Cut sections were immediately fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde and dehydrated in graded ethanol solutions using a dehydration system under agitation and vacuum, and the specimens w...
Nano-hydroxyapatite particles were prepared using sol gel chemical precipitation method. The sol was thermally aged at low temperature at 50 °C for 2 h. Upon drying the sol particles agglomerated into a dry gel through van der Waals forces composed of 10–14-nm particles. A crystalline apatite is achieved after sintering at 450 °C resulting in a gained structure of 25–55 nm in diameter. T...
Zirconia powder (50 μm, 3 mol YTZP, E grade, Tosoh, Japan) was mixed with 50 wt.% resin beads (50 μm polymethyl methacrylate powder) added to create microscopic pore sizes. Thirty weight percent coarse sodium chloride particles (500–700 μm) were added to the mix to create large interconnected pores. The powder was mixed in a rotating cylinder for 24 h to insure homogenous powder distribu...
Modern radiographic imaging techniques in combination with advanced computer designing software could reconstruct a three-dimensional image of large boney defects [16]. Designing the shape of the required scaffold could easily be performed to accurately fit the available defect size using advanced imaging and designing software [17]. Finally, the required shape could be directly milled from differ...
Principles of tissue engineering are used today in an attempt to reconstruct damaged human tissue. In the dental field, several types of bone grafting materials are currently available which could be directly used to augment atrophic jaws before implant placement. However, the main drawback of these grafts is related to difficulty of preserving the required shape of the graft during the healing ti...
The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenesis ability of CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds enriched with hydroxy apatite used to augment large boney defects in a dog model.
Surgical defects were made bilaterally on the lower jaw of 12 Beagle dogs. Cone beam CT images were used to create three dimensional images of the healed defects. Porous zirconia scaffolds were fabricated by milling custo...
Aboushelib, M.N., Shawky, R. Osteogenesis ability of CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds enriched with nano-hydroxyapatite particles.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 21 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0082-6
Download citation
Received: 15 November 2016
Accepted: 08 May 2017
Published: 19 May 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0082-6
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion st, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
Moustafa N. Aboushelib
Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Rehab Shawky
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in
...
Part of this study was supported by STDF reintegration grant number 489 and was performed in collaboration with the Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.
MNA prepared the specimens and performed the characterization process. He participated in preparation of histological section, data collection and analysis, and in preparation of the manuscript. RS performe...
Naleway SE, Fickas KC, Maker YN, Meyers MA, McKittrick J. Reproducibility of ZrO2-based freeze casting for biomaterials. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;61:105–12.
Song YG, Cho IH. Characteristics and osteogenic effect of zirconia porous scaffold coated with beta-TCP/HA. J Adv Prosthodont. 2014;6:285–94.
Okano T, et al. Absorbed and effective doses from cone beam volumetric imaging for...
Chiapasco M, Casentini P, Zaniboni M. Bone augmentation procedures in implant dentistry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24:237–59.
Rocchietta I, Fontana F, Simion M. Clinical outcomes of vertical bone augmentation to enable dental implant placement: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:203–15.
Louis PJ, Gutta R, Said-Al-Naief N, Bartolucci AA. Reconstruction of the maxilla ...
Within the limitations of this study, hydroxyapatite enhanced osteogenesis ability of porous zirconia scaffolds.
Histomorphometric analysis revealed that bone growth start to develop as early as 6 weeks by lining pore cavity walls. Mineralized bone matrix was observed to penetrate 1–2 mm under the surface of the scaffolds thus providing mechanical stability of the inserted prosthesis. Healing continued by filling the entire pore volume (Fig. 2a, b). The presence of nano-hydroxyapatite particles enhanced...
Porous scaffolds are designed to allow ingrowth of the surrounding bone within the internal porosity of the solid matrix. Different types of bioactive materials were mixed with zirconia to enhance bone formation. Two sizes of pores were incorporated in the structure of the fabricated scaffolds. Micro-pores in range of 50 μm constituted the majority of the entire pore volume (50 wt.%) of the fabr...
Mercury porosimetery revealed comparable (F = 0.057, P
Six weeks after insertion of the scaffolds, the animals were given an over dose of an anesthetic injection and section blocks were obtained by cutting the mandible maintaining 10 mm of sound bone around the scaffolds. Cut sections were immediately fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde and dehydrated in graded ethanol solutions using a dehydration system under agitation and vacuum, and the specimens w...
Nano-hydroxyapatite particles were prepared using sol gel chemical precipitation method. The sol was thermally aged at low temperature at 50 °C for 2 h. Upon drying the sol particles agglomerated into a dry gel through van der Waals forces composed of 10–14-nm particles. A crystalline apatite is achieved after sintering at 450 °C resulting in a gained structure of 25–55 nm in diameter. T...
Zirconia powder (50 μm, 3 mol YTZP, E grade, Tosoh, Japan) was mixed with 50 wt.% resin beads (50 μm polymethyl methacrylate powder) added to create microscopic pore sizes. Thirty weight percent coarse sodium chloride particles (500–700 μm) were added to the mix to create large interconnected pores. The powder was mixed in a rotating cylinder for 24 h to insure homogenous powder distribu...
Modern radiographic imaging techniques in combination with advanced computer designing software could reconstruct a three-dimensional image of large boney defects [16]. Designing the shape of the required scaffold could easily be performed to accurately fit the available defect size using advanced imaging and designing software [17]. Finally, the required shape could be directly milled from differ...
Principles of tissue engineering are used today in an attempt to reconstruct damaged human tissue. In the dental field, several types of bone grafting materials are currently available which could be directly used to augment atrophic jaws before implant placement. However, the main drawback of these grafts is related to difficulty of preserving the required shape of the graft during the healing ti...
The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenesis ability of CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds enriched with hydroxy apatite used to augment large boney defects in a dog model.
Surgical defects were made bilaterally on the lower jaw of 12 Beagle dogs. Cone beam CT images were used to create three dimensional images of the healed defects. Porous zirconia scaffolds were fabricated by milling custo...
Fig. 4. Relative fluorescence intensities (rfi) of S. epidermidis (a) and S. sanguinis (b) on titanium and ceramic implant surfaces with different grades of roughness and hydrophobicity (means and standard deviations)
Fig. 4. Relative fluorescence intensities (rfi) of S. epidermidis (a) and S. sanguinis (b) on titanium and ceramic implant surfaces with different grades of roughness and hydrop...
Fig. 3. Relative fluorescence intensities (rfi) of S. epidermidis (a) and S. sanguinis (b) on titanium and ceramic implant surfaces with different grades of roughness (means and standard deviations)
Fig. 3. Relative fluorescence intensities (rfi) of S. epidermidis (a) and S. sanguinis (b) on titanium and ceramic implant surfaces with different grades of roughness (means and standard deviation...
tanium (TiSMOOTH); scan sizes are 30 μm in a and 1 μm in b
Fig. 2. Comparison of AFM surface profiles of rough ceramic (CeROUGH), smooth ceramic (CeSMOOTH), rough titanium (TiROUGH), and smooth titanium (TiSMOOTH); scan sizes are 30 μm in a and 1 μm in b
Fig. 1. AFM images for 30 μm × 30 μm (a–d) and 3 μm × 3 μm scan areas (e–h) of rough ceramic (a, e), smooth ceramic (b, f), rough titanium (c, g), and smooth titanium (d, h)
Fig. 1. AFM images for 30 μm × 30 μm (a–d) and 3 μm × 3 μm scan areas (e–h) of rough ceramic (a, e), smooth ceramic (b, f), rough titanium (c, g), and smooth titanium (d, h)
NoneTable 1 Arithmetic average of surface roughness R
a
(means and standard deviations [μm]) and wettability (means and standard deviations [°]) of the ten tested material
Wassmann, T., Kreis, S., Behr, M. et al. The influence of surface texture and wettability on initial bacterial adhesion on titanium and zirconium oxide dental implants.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 32 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0093-3
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Received: 07 March 2017
Accepted: 28 June 2017
Published: 17 July 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Ethical approval was not required.
The authors Torsten Wassmann, Stefan Kreis, Michael Behr, and Ralf Buergers declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Present address: Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
Torsten Wassmann & Ralf Buergers
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
Stefan Kreis, Michael Behr & Ralf Buergers
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The great support of Juri Allerdings and the skilled technical assistance of Gerlinde Held and Marlene Rosendahl are gratefully acknowledged.
The study has been funded solely by the institutions of the authors.
Drake DR, Paul J, Keller JC. Primary bacterial adhesion of implant surfaces. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:226–32.
Lim YJ, Oshida Y. Initial contact angle measurements on variously treated dental/medical titanium materials. Biomed Mater Eng. 2001;11:325–41.
Steinberg D, Sela MN, Klinger A, Kohavi D. Adhesion of periodontal bacteria to titanium and titanium alloy powders. Clin Oral ...
Quirynen M, De Soete M, van Steenberghe D. Infectious risks for oral implants: a review of the literature. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13:1–19.
Weerkamp AH, Uyen HM, Busscher HJ. Effect of zeta potential and surface energy on bacterial adhesion to uncoated and saliva-coated human enamel and dentin. J Dent Res. 1988;67:1483–7.
Barbour ME, O’Sullivan DJ, Jenkinson HF, Jagger DC. The effects...
Quirynen M, Bollen CM, Papaioannou W, Van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D. The influence of titanium abutment surface roughness on plaque accumulation and gingivitis: short-term observations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11:169–78.
Hannig M. Transmission electron microscopy of early plaque formation on dental materials in vivo. Eur J Oral Sci. 1999;107:55–64.
Quirynen M, van der Mei HC, ...
An YH, Friedman RJ. Concise review of mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to biomaterial surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998;43:338–48.
Palmquist A, Omar OM, Esposito M, Lausmaa J, Thomsen P. Titanium oral implants: surface characteristics, interface biology and clinical outcome. J R Soc Interface. 2010;7:515–27.
Hannig C, Hannig M. The oral cavity—a key system to understand substratum-depende...
Poon CY, Bhushan B. Comparison of surface roughness measurements by stylus profiler, AFM and non-contact profiler. Wear. 1995;190:76–88.
Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Bürgers R. Surface characterization of dental ceramics and initial streptococcal adhesion in vitro. Dent Mater. 2009;25:969–75.
Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Soft tissue response to plaque formation at different im...
Within the limitations of an in vitro study, our results indicate that surface roughness as well as wettability may influence the adhesion properties of bacteria on implant surfaces. Furthermore, the predominant factor for adhesion depends on the bacterial species itself. Zirconia implant material did not show any lower bacterial colonization potential than titanium. The influence of substratum ma...
In vivo biofilm models with multi-species biofilms offer the opportunity to evaluate materials in simulated clinical conditions including composite plaque, salivary pellicle, and removal forces [18]. Although the understanding of oral biofilms and the influence of surface characteristics on microbial accumulation has increased, significant gaps in the fundamental knowledge about the formation and ...
Besides surface roughness and morphology, the hydrophobicity and surface free energy (SFE) of an implant surface are known to influence bacterial adhesion [42, 43]. Physico-chemical interactions (non-specific) are composed of van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, and acid-based interactions, which in turn define the surface free energy of a substratum [44]. The surface free energy can ...
In the present study, sandblasting (with 50 or 250 μm aluminum trioxide) resulted in significant increases of R
a
on titanium and ceramic surfaces. These R
a
values were higher than those for commercially available implant abutments (observed to range from 0.10 to 0.30 μm) [35]. According to the classification by Albrektsson and Wennerberg, smooth ceramic and titanium materials and t...
Besides, the surface material itself and its chemical composition, surface roughness, and hydrophobicity have a crucial influence on the accumulation of microorganisms. In most previous studies on bacterial adhesion on titanium and ceramic surfaces, the quantity of bacterial adhesion showed a direct positive correlation with surface roughness [4, 10, 18, 24,25,26]. In case of interacting surface r...
The problems involved in osseous healing of dental implants appear to be largely solved. Biofilm formation on exposed implant and abutment surfaces, however, is a fortiori crucial for the long-term therapeutic success of an implant, because biofilms are the most frequent cause of peri-implantitis and implant loss [3,4,5,6,7]. Consequently, new implant surface modifications with reduced properties ...
In general, significantly more S. sanguinis adhered to ceramic surfaces than to titanium surfaces (p 0.05 for all comparisons). On ceramic surfaces (smooth ceramic 4668 ± 1562 rfu; medium ceramic 5590 ± 1493 rfu, rough ceramic 6875 ± 428 rfu), higher surface roughness led to increased S. sanguinis adhesion (p 0.05 for all comparisons). A comparison of rough and smooth s...
The median surface roughness values (R
a
) of each material group (n = 10) tested are shown in Table 1. The differences in R
a
between rough, medium, and smooth specimens were statistically significant for ceramic as well as for titanium (p
Ten specimens of each material group tested were investigated. As control references, we used the fluorescence values of pure phosphate-buffered saline (0-control), buffer and CytoX-Violet (dye-control), and pure bacterial solution (bacteria-control).
All calculations and graphic displays were done with SPSS 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA). Means and standard deviations for ...
Three-dimensional images of rough and smooth implant surfaces were obtained by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the tapping mode scan of an AFM VEECO machine (Plainview, USA); this method was also used to determine the surface topography. We scanned several randomly selected areas measuring either 3 μm × 3 μm or 30 μm × 30 μm for each of the test groups and sterilized...
In this study, we assessed two different implant materials in the form of round specimens (each measuring 5.0 mm in diameter and 1.0 mm in thickness, see Table 1). Half of the specimens were made of grade 1 pure titanium (Mechanische Werkstatt Biologie, University of Regensburg, Germany) and the other half of zirconia ceramic (IPS e.max ZirCAD; Ivoclar Vivadent, Ellwangen, Germany). The grade o...
The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate bacterial adhesion (by means of the test species Streptococcus sanguinis and Staphylococcus epidermidis) on ten different titanium and zirconia implant surfaces. Surface texture and wettability were modified in well-defined patterns to correlate these surface properties with the amount of initially adhering bacteria and to define the predomi...
Dental implants are one of the most frequently used treatment options for the replacement of missing teeth. The oral microflora and its dynamic interactions with the implant substrata seem to crucially influence the long-term success or failure of dental implants [1,2,3,4,5,6]. As soon as implant surfaces are exposed to the human oral cavity, they are immediately colonized by microorganisms [7, 8]...
This study aims to investigate bacterial adhesion on different titanium and ceramic implant surfaces, to correlate these findings with surface roughness and surface hydrophobicity, and to define the predominant factor for bacterial adhesion for each material.
Zirconia and titanium specimens with different surface textures and wettability (5.0 mm in diameter, 1.0 mm in height) were prepared. Sur...
Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J.M., Cabaña-Muñoz, M.E., Merino, J.J. et al. Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the replacement of upper molars.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2
Download citation
Received: 13 October 2016
Accepted: 22 December 2016
Published: 20 February 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Periodontics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia (Spain), Murcia, Spain
Arturo Sánchez-Pérez
Clínica CIROM, Murcia, 30001, Spain
José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz & José Joaquín Merino
Clínica Odontologíca Universitaria, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/ Marqués de los Vélez s/n, Murcia, 30008, Spain
Arturo Sánchez-...
Bormann K-H, Gellrich N-C, Kniha H, Dard M, Wieland M, Gahlert M. Biomechanical evaluation of a microstructured zirconia implant by a removal torque comparison with a standard Ti-SLA implant. Clin oral implants res. 2012;23:1210–6.
Oliva J, Oliva X, Oliva JD. One-year follow-up of first consecutive 100 zirconia dental implants in humans: a comparison of 2 different rough surfaces. Int j oral ma...
Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand j plast reconstr surg suppl. 1977;16:1–132.
Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM. TécnicaAtraumática en Implantología. Rev esp odontoestomatológica implant. 11:30–5.
Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Cabaña-Mu...
Zirconia implants with PEEK restorations can be considered a good alternative for replacing natural teeth. Their biocompatibility and biostability make them a promising material for those patients who suffer from allergies and sensitivity to metal alloys.
PEEK restorations are a valid and alternative recommendation when using zirconia implants because of their cushioning effect and elastic modulu...
In addition to PEEK, new coatings based on PMMA or composite materials (Anaxblent®Anaxdent®, Nexco®Ivoclar®, Solidex®Shofu®, Novo.lign®Bredent®, etc.) which incorporate ceramic fillings have been developed. Due to their molecular structure, these materials have excellent density and homogeneity [24]. The micro filling integrated into the polymer matrix increases abrasion resistance, at the...
In terms of the load-cushioning capacity of the prosthetic elements, the use of PEEK as a prosthetic structure on implants has increased in recent years [14]. PEEK is a high-density thermoplastic polymer with a linear aromatic semi-crystalline structure that has exceptional physical and chemical properties as regards toughness, hardness and elasticity. Also, its low molecular weight, combined with...
Fifteen days after surgery, the appearance of the soft tissue was excellent, with no signs of inflammation in the mucosa. The patient mentioned the absence of bleeding and pain during the post-operation period. At the same time, we made a clinical and radiological evaluation. Three months after surgery, the stumps of the implants were carved to improve their parallelism with a special diamond dril...
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years previously.
Clinica...
In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium [1], which are still the most popular.
The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials.
An example of this is zirconia-based dental i...
One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties.
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record of interest with a longitudinal fracture i...
Aboushelib, M.N., Shawky, R. Osteogenesis ability of CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds enriched with nano-hydroxyapatite particles.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 21 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0082-6
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Received: 15 November 2016
Accepted: 08 May 2017
Published: 19 May 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0082-6
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion st, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
Moustafa N. Aboushelib
Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Rehab Shawky
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Part of this study was supported by STDF reintegration grant number 489 and was performed in collaboration with the Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.
MNA prepared the specimens and performed the characterization process. He participated in preparation of histological section, data collection and analysis, and in preparation of the manuscript. RS performe...
Naleway SE, Fickas KC, Maker YN, Meyers MA, McKittrick J. Reproducibility of ZrO2-based freeze casting for biomaterials. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;61:105–12.
Song YG, Cho IH. Characteristics and osteogenic effect of zirconia porous scaffold coated with beta-TCP/HA. J Adv Prosthodont. 2014;6:285–94.
Okano T, et al. Absorbed and effective doses from cone beam volumetric imaging for...
Chiapasco M, Casentini P, Zaniboni M. Bone augmentation procedures in implant dentistry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24:237–59.
Rocchietta I, Fontana F, Simion M. Clinical outcomes of vertical bone augmentation to enable dental implant placement: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:203–15.
Louis PJ, Gutta R, Said-Al-Naief N, Bartolucci AA. Reconstruction of the maxilla ...
Within the limitations of this study, hydroxyapatite enhanced osteogenesis ability of porous zirconia scaffolds.
Histomorphometric analysis revealed that bone growth start to develop as early as 6 weeks by lining pore cavity walls. Mineralized bone matrix was observed to penetrate 1–2 mm under the surface of the scaffolds thus providing mechanical stability of the inserted prosthesis. Healing continued by filling the entire pore volume (Fig. 2a, b). The presence of nano-hydroxyapatite particles enhanced...
Porous scaffolds are designed to allow ingrowth of the surrounding bone within the internal porosity of the solid matrix. Different types of bioactive materials were mixed with zirconia to enhance bone formation. Two sizes of pores were incorporated in the structure of the fabricated scaffolds. Micro-pores in range of 50 μm constituted the majority of the entire pore volume (50 wt.%) of the fabr...
Mercury porosimetery revealed comparable (F = 0.057, P
Six weeks after insertion of the scaffolds, the animals were given an over dose of an anesthetic injection and section blocks were obtained by cutting the mandible maintaining 10 mm of sound bone around the scaffolds. Cut sections were immediately fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde and dehydrated in graded ethanol solutions using a dehydration system under agitation and vacuum, and the specimens w...
Nano-hydroxyapatite particles were prepared using sol gel chemical precipitation method. The sol was thermally aged at low temperature at 50 °C for 2 h. Upon drying the sol particles agglomerated into a dry gel through van der Waals forces composed of 10–14-nm particles. A crystalline apatite is achieved after sintering at 450 °C resulting in a gained structure of 25–55 nm in diameter. T...
Zirconia powder (50 μm, 3 mol YTZP, E grade, Tosoh, Japan) was mixed with 50 wt.% resin beads (50 μm polymethyl methacrylate powder) added to create microscopic pore sizes. Thirty weight percent coarse sodium chloride particles (500–700 μm) were added to the mix to create large interconnected pores. The powder was mixed in a rotating cylinder for 24 h to insure homogenous powder distribu...
Modern radiographic imaging techniques in combination with advanced computer designing software could reconstruct a three-dimensional image of large boney defects [16]. Designing the shape of the required scaffold could easily be performed to accurately fit the available defect size using advanced imaging and designing software [17]. Finally, the required shape could be directly milled from differ...
Principles of tissue engineering are used today in an attempt to reconstruct damaged human tissue. In the dental field, several types of bone grafting materials are currently available which could be directly used to augment atrophic jaws before implant placement. However, the main drawback of these grafts is related to difficulty of preserving the required shape of the graft during the healing ti...
The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenesis ability of CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds enriched with hydroxy apatite used to augment large boney defects in a dog model.
Surgical defects were made bilaterally on the lower jaw of 12 Beagle dogs. Cone beam CT images were used to create three dimensional images of the healed defects. Porous zirconia scaffolds were fabricated by milling custo...
Fig. 4. Relative fluorescence intensities (rfi) of S. epidermidis (a) and S. sanguinis (b) on titanium and ceramic implant surfaces with different grades of roughness and hydrophobicity (means and standard deviations)
Fig. 4. Relative fluorescence intensities (rfi) of S. epidermidis (a) and S. sanguinis (b) on titanium and ceramic implant surfaces with different grades of roughness and hydrop...
Fig. 3. Relative fluorescence intensities (rfi) of S. epidermidis (a) and S. sanguinis (b) on titanium and ceramic implant surfaces with different grades of roughness (means and standard deviations)
Fig. 3. Relative fluorescence intensities (rfi) of S. epidermidis (a) and S. sanguinis (b) on titanium and ceramic implant surfaces with different grades of roughness (means and standard deviation...
GH), and smooth titanium (TiSMOOTH); scan sizes are 30 μm in a and 1 μm in b
Fig. 2. Comparison of AFM surface profiles of rough ceramic (CeROUGH), smooth ceramic (CeSMOOTH), rough titanium (TiROUGH), and smooth titanium (TiSMOOTH); scan sizes are 30 μm in a and 1 μm in b
Fig. 1. AFM images for 30 μm × 30 μm (a–d) and 3 μm × 3 μm scan areas (e–h) of rough ceramic (a, e), smooth ceramic (b, f), rough titanium (c, g), and smooth titanium (d, h)
Fig. 1. AFM images for 30 μm × 30 μm (a–d) and 3 μm × 3 μm scan areas (e–h) of rough ceramic (a, e), smooth ceramic (b, f), rough titanium (c, g), and smooth titanium (d, h)
NoneTable 1 Arithmetic average of surface roughness R
a
(means and standard deviations [μm]) and wettability (means and standard deviations [°]) of the ten tested material
Wassmann, T., Kreis, S., Behr, M. et al. The influence of surface texture and wettability on initial bacterial adhesion on titanium and zirconium oxide dental implants.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 32 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0093-3
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Received: 07 March 2017
Accepted: 28 June 2017
Published: 17 July 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Ethical approval was not required.
The authors Torsten Wassmann, Stefan Kreis, Michael Behr, and Ralf Buergers declare that they have no competing interests.
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Present address: Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
Torsten Wassmann & Ralf Buergers
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
Stefan Kreis, Michael Behr & Ralf Buergers
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The great support of Juri Allerdings and the skilled technical assistance of Gerlinde Held and Marlene Rosendahl are gratefully acknowledged.
The study has been funded solely by the institutions of the authors.
Drake DR, Paul J, Keller JC. Primary bacterial adhesion of implant surfaces. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:226–32.
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Steinberg D, Sela MN, Klinger A, Kohavi D. Adhesion of periodontal bacteria to titanium and titanium alloy powders. Clin Oral ...
Quirynen M, De Soete M, van Steenberghe D. Infectious risks for oral implants: a review of the literature. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13:1–19.
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Barbour ME, O’Sullivan DJ, Jenkinson HF, Jagger DC. The effects...
Quirynen M, Bollen CM, Papaioannou W, Van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D. The influence of titanium abutment surface roughness on plaque accumulation and gingivitis: short-term observations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11:169–78.
Hannig M. Transmission electron microscopy of early plaque formation on dental materials in vivo. Eur J Oral Sci. 1999;107:55–64.
Quirynen M, van der Mei HC, ...
An YH, Friedman RJ. Concise review of mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to biomaterial surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998;43:338–48.
Palmquist A, Omar OM, Esposito M, Lausmaa J, Thomsen P. Titanium oral implants: surface characteristics, interface biology and clinical outcome. J R Soc Interface. 2010;7:515–27.
Hannig C, Hannig M. The oral cavity—a key system to understand substratum-depende...
Poon CY, Bhushan B. Comparison of surface roughness measurements by stylus profiler, AFM and non-contact profiler. Wear. 1995;190:76–88.Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Bürgers R. Surface characterization of dental ceramics and initial streptococcal adhesion in vitro. Dent Mater. 2009;25:969–75.Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Soft tissue response to plaque formation at different implan...
Poon CY, Bhushan B. Comparison of surface roughness measurements by stylus profiler, AFM and non-contact profiler. Wear. 1995;190:76–88.
Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Bürgers R. Surface characterization of dental ceramics and initial streptococcal adhesion in vitro. Dent Mater. 2009;25:969–75.
Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Soft tissue response to plaque formation at different im...
Within the limitations of an in vitro study, our results indicate that surface roughness as well as wettability may influence the adhesion properties of bacteria on implant surfaces. Furthermore, the predominant factor for adhesion depends on the bacterial species itself. Zirconia implant material did not show any lower bacterial colonization potential than titanium. The influence of substratum ma...
In vivo biofilm models with multi-species biofilms offer the opportunity to evaluate materials in simulated clinical conditions including composite plaque, salivary pellicle, and removal forces [18]. Although the understanding of oral biofilms and the influence of surface characteristics on microbial accumulation has increased, significant gaps in the fundamental knowledge about the formation and ...
Besides surface roughness and morphology, the hydrophobicity and surface free energy (SFE) of an implant surface are known to influence bacterial adhesion [42, 43]. Physico-chemical interactions (non-specific) are composed of van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, and acid-based interactions, which in turn define the surface free energy of a substratum [44]. The surface free energy can ...
In the present study, sandblasting (with 50 or 250 μm aluminum trioxide) resulted in significant increases of R
a
on titanium and ceramic surfaces. These R
a
values were higher than those for commercially available implant abutments (observed to range from 0.10 to 0.30 μm) [35]. According to the classification by Albrektsson and Wennerberg, smooth ceramic and titanium materials and t...
Besides, the surface material itself and its chemical composition, surface roughness, and hydrophobicity have a crucial influence on the accumulation of microorganisms. In most previous studies on bacterial adhesion on titanium and ceramic surfaces, the quantity of bacterial adhesion showed a direct positive correlation with surface roughness [4, 10, 18, 24,25,26]. In case of interacting surface r...
The problems involved in osseous healing of dental implants appear to be largely solved. Biofilm formation on exposed implant and abutment surfaces, however, is a fortiori crucial for the long-term therapeutic success of an implant, because biofilms are the most frequent cause of peri-implantitis and implant loss [3,4,5,6,7]. Consequently, new implant surface modifications with reduced properties ...
In general, significantly more S. sanguinis adhered to ceramic surfaces than to titanium surfaces (p 0.05 for all comparisons). On ceramic surfaces (smooth ceramic 4668 ± 1562 rfu; medium ceramic 5590 ± 1493 rfu, rough ceramic 6875 ± 428 rfu), higher surface roughness led to increased S. sanguinis adhesion (p 0.05 for all comparisons). A comparison of rough and smooth s...
The median surface roughness values (R
a
) of each material group (n = 10) tested are shown in Table 1. The differences in R
a
between rough, medium, and smooth specimens were statistically significant for ceramic as well as for titanium (p
Ten specimens of each material group tested were investigated. As control references, we used the fluorescence values of pure phosphate-buffered saline (0-control), buffer and CytoX-Violet (dye-control), and pure bacterial solution (bacteria-control).
All calculations and graphic displays were done with SPSS 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA). Means and standard deviations for ...
Three-dimensional images of rough and smooth implant surfaces were obtained by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the tapping mode scan of an AFM VEECO machine (Plainview, USA); this method was also used to determine the surface topography. We scanned several randomly selected areas measuring either 3 μm × 3 μm or 30 μm × 30 μm for each of the test groups and sterilized...
In this study, we assessed two different implant materials in the form of round specimens (each measuring 5.0 mm in diameter and 1.0 mm in thickness, see Table 1). Half of the specimens were made of grade 1 pure titanium (Mechanische Werkstatt Biologie, University of Regensburg, Germany) and the other half of zirconia ceramic (IPS e.max ZirCAD; Ivoclar Vivadent, Ellwangen, Germany). The grade o...
The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate bacterial adhesion (by means of the test species Streptococcus sanguinis and Staphylococcus epidermidis) on ten different titanium and zirconia implant surfaces. Surface texture and wettability were modified in well-defined patterns to correlate these surface properties with the amount of initially adhering bacteria and to define the predomi...
Dental implants are one of the most frequently used treatment options for the replacement of missing teeth. The oral microflora and its dynamic interactions with the implant substrata seem to crucially influence the long-term success or failure of dental implants [1,2,3,4,5,6]. As soon as implant surfaces are exposed to the human oral cavity, they are immediately colonized by microorganisms [7, 8]...
This study aims to investigate bacterial adhesion on different titanium and ceramic implant surfaces, to correlate these findings with surface roughness and surface hydrophobicity, and to define the predominant factor for bacterial adhesion for each material.
Zirconia and titanium specimens with different surface textures and wettability (5.0 mm in diameter, 1.0 mm in height) were prepared. Sur...
Fig. 5. SEM images of the mesial margin of abrasion under topography contrast (a) and material contrast (b)
Fig. 5. SEM images of the mesial margin of abrasion under topography contrast (a) and material contrast (b)
Fig. 4. Luting agent located mostly in the crown (a) and only sparsely on the implant (b). A crown fragment is remaining on the implant
Fig. 4. Luting agent located mostly in the crown (a) and only sparsely on the implant (b). A crown fragment is remaining on the implant
Fig. 3. Area of abrasion (yellow surface) and maximum vertical wear (arrow)
Fig. 3. Area of abrasion (yellow surface) and maximum vertical wear (arrow)
Fig. 2. Four replicas on specimen stubs and foam pellets in the sample holder of the Micro-CT
Fig. 2. Four replicas on specimen stubs and foam pellets in the sample holder of the Micro-CT
Fig. 1. Luted crown on embedded implant before chewing simulation
Fig. 1. Luted crown on embedded implant before chewing simulation
ANOVA results
Pull-out forces
Maximum wear
Volume wear
F (df)
0.02 (3, 16)
...
CS round (n)
Pull-out forces
Maximum wear
Volume wear
#1 (5)
319.6 (75.4)
...
Voltage
60 kV
Amperage
167 μA
Filter
No filter
...
Baumgart, P., Kirsten, H., Haak, R. et al. Biomechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated ceramic crowns on one-piece zirconia implants after long-term chewing simulation.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 16 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0127-5
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Received: 16 November 2017
Accepted: 20 March 2018
Published: 23 May 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s4072...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
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Not applicable
Pia Baumgart, Holger Kirsten, Rainer Haak, and Constanze Olms declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Department of Dental Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, Haus 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
Pia Baumgart
Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Haertelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
Holger Kirsten
LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, ...
The authors would like to thank T. Meißner for the lab support.
Not applicable
The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available. Availability of data and materials by the corresponding author: constanze.olms@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
Coldea A, Swain MV, Thiel N. Mechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials. Dent Mater. 2013;29:419–26.
Dirxen C, Blunck U, Preissner S. Clinical performance of a new biomimetic double network material. Open Dent J. 2013;7:118–22.
Della Bona A, Corazza PH, Zhang Y. Characterization of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material. Dent Mater. 2014;30:564–9.
Keul ...
Guess PR, Att W, Strub JR. Zirconia in Fixed Implant Prosthodontics. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14:633-45
Wilson TG Jr. The Positive Relationship Between Excess Cement and Peri-Implant Disease: A prospective Clinical Endoscopic Study. J Periodontol. 2009;80:1388–92.
Schwenter J, Schmidli F, Weiger R, Fischer J. Adhesive bonding to polymer infiltrated ceramic. Dent Mater J. 2016;35:796...
Three-dimensional space
Analysis of variance
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing
confidence interval (exact) according to Clopper-Pearson
Chewing simulation
degrees of freedom
Et alii/et aliae/et alia
F test
Mean
X-ray micro-computed tomography
Number
p value
Polymer-infiltrated ceramic network
Standard deviation
Scanning electron microscope
Vita Enamic
The present study demonstrates that elastic PICN crowns on rigid one-piece zirconia implants seem to be a promising material combination for clinical practice. Though the crowns suffered major wear after CS, the stability was not affected, and no catastrophic failure occurred. However, clinical trials are essential to examine the behavior of the material combination, especially in comparison to ot...
The missing comparison to other PICN materials can be considered a limitation of the study. Since VE is a unicum in the family of PICN materials, it is difficult to find an appropriate material of comparison, especially since Lava Ultimate (3M Espe), a resin nanoceramic, is no longer indicated as a crown material due to a high rate of loosening. The review of Mainjot et al. reported that the loose...
In the study of Naumova et al., volume and vertical wear of PICN crowns, compared to other materials such as a nanoceramic resin and a lithium silicate reinforced ceramic after CS, were tested [11]. They used the same settings of CS as in the present study, but the crowns were luted to extracted molars instead of implants and extracted molars as antagonists were used as well. Concerning volume and...
To the best of our knowledge, it was the first time that the biomechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated ceramic crowns on one-piece zirconia implants after long-term chewing simulation were examined. The present in vitro study investigated the biomechanical properties concerning surface wear and bond strength. No fractures occurred during long-term chewing simulation, and the abrasion of the ...
No failure occurred as none of the tested crowns or implants was fractured or loosened during or after CS.
The tested crowns showed a maximum wear depth of M = 0.31 ± 0.04 mm (mean ± SD) and volume wear of M = 0.74 ± 0.23 mm3 (mean ± SD). Table 2 shows the mean and standard deviation of assessed parameters (pull-out forces, maximum wear, volume wear) of each round o...
For volume assessment of abrasion, each 3D data set was segmented before and after CS in CTAn (CTAnalyzer V.1.15.4.0, Bruker microCT). Both data sets were overlapped, and the remaining volume of abrasion quantified in pixels and converted into cubic millimeters.
The maximum wear depth was determined by “blowing up” virtual bullets within the surface of abrasion. The diameter of the most massi...
The specimens attached to the parallelometer were perpendicularly recessed until only the upper coils of the implants were on view.
To produce replicas of the specimens from the experimental group, the crowns’ occlusal was cast using VPS Hydro Putty und VPS Hydro Light Body (Henry Schein Inc., New York, USA) before and after CS. The impression was grouted with Stycast 1266 (Loctite Henkel Elect...
Twenty-five PICN crowns (Vita Enamic, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) for premolars were produced using CAD/CAM technology and polished with the Vita Enamic Polishing Set Technical (Vita Zahnfabrik) as recommended by the manufacturer. All crowns were bonded to identical one-piece zirconia testing implants. The implants were turned from pre-sintered zirconia blocks (VITA In-Ceram® 2000 ...
The demand for tooth-colored dental restorations has increased rapidly within the last few years. Ceramic restorations can often meet these requirements. In dental implantology, zirconia especially—due to its esthetical advantage as well as high flexural strength and outstanding biocompatibility—has gained importance [1]. On the other hand, one-piece zirconia implants are not yet commonly use...
Implant and superstructure provide a complex system, which has to withstand oral conditions. Concerning the brittleness of many ceramics, fractures are a greatly feared issue. Therefore, polymer-infiltrated ceramic networks (PICNs) were developed. Because of its high elastic modulus, the PICN crown on a one-piece zirconia implant might absorb forces to prevent the system from fracturing in order ...
Fig. 6. Roughness (Sa) box plot
Fig. 6. Roughness (Sa) box plot
Fig. 5. 3D profile
Fig. 5. 3D profile
Fig. 4. CLSM
Fig. 4. CLSM
Fig. 3. SEM for localization of EDX analysis
Fig. 3. SEM for localization of EDX analysis
Fig. 2. SEM. White arrow (→) exemplary mark the droplet like shape of surface as described in the text
Fig. 2. SEM. White arrow (→) exemplary mark the droplet like shape of surface as described in the text
Fig. 1. Diagram of different implant areas used for sampling. 1) Machined (untreated) area. 2) rough (treated) area
Fig. 1. Diagram of different implant areas used for sampling. 1) Machined (untreated) area. 2) rough (treated) area
Amplitude parameters
Group
Name
Sa (μm)
Machined area
WhiteSKY
...
Element composition/semi-quantitative evaluation
Location
Type
Zr at %min–at %max
Hf at %
Y at %min–at %max...
NoneTable 1 Five commercially available ceramic implants and surface characteristics
Beger, B., Goetz, H., Morlock, M. et al. In vitro surface characteristics and impurity analysis of five different commercially available dental zirconia implants.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0124-8
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Received: 11 December 2017
Accepted: 08 February 2018
Published: 26 April 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Beger B, Goetz H, Morlock M, Schiegnitz E, and Al-Nawas B declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
B. Beger, M. Morlock, E. Schiegnitz & B. Al-Nawas
Biomaterials in Medicine (BioAPP), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
H. Goetz
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Papanagiotou HP, Morgano SM, Giordano RA, Pober R. In vitro evaluation of low-temperature aging effects and finishing procedures on the flexural strength and structural stability of Y-TZP dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;96(3):154–64.
Ewais OH, Al Abbassy F, Ghoneim MM, Aboushelib MN. Novel zirconia surface treatments for enhanced osseointegration: laboratory characterization. Int J Dent....
Ong JL, Carnes DL, Cardenas HL, Cavin R. Surface roughness of titanium on bone morphogenetic protein-2 treated osteoblast cells in vitro. Implant Dent. 1997;6(1):19–24.
Schwartz Z, Kieswetter K, Dean DD, Boyan BD. Underlying mechanisms at the bone-surface interface during regeneration. J Periodontal Res. 1997;32(1 Pt 2):166–71.
Al-Nawas B, Gotz H. Three-dimensional topographic and metrologic...
Jacobi-Gresser E, Huesker K, Schutt S. Genetic and immunological markers predict titanium implant failure: a retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42(4):537–43.
Wenz HJ, Bartsch J, Wolfart S, Kern M. Osseointegration and clinical success of zirconia dental implants: a systematic review. Int J Prosthodont. 2008;21(1):27–36.
Shulte W. The intra-osseous Al2O3 (Frialit) Tuebingen...
Aluminum oxide
Ceramic injection molding
Confocal laser scanning microscopy
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Hot isostatic pressing
Implant
Kilovolt
Millibar
Megapascal
Nanometer
Area roughness parameter
Scanning electron microscopy
Sandblasted, Large-grit, Acid-etched
Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystalline
Micrometer
New ceramic implants are showing a variety of surface characteristics due to different manufacturing processes as shown by other groups [2, 28]. The surface structures of the investigated implants are close to titanium implants. If the surface characteristics really have a high influence on osseointegration, ceramic implants cannot yet compare to the long experience with titanium. However, there a...
The semi-quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) can be used to further analyze the components of the implant surface. None of the implants showed any impurity or unexpected results. Implants 4 and 5 showed yttrium under the detection limit in the EDX analysis. This could be caused by the lower dosage of yttrium endowment in the stabilization processing in comparison to other impla...
The surface shape (droplet-like surface), which was observed in the SEM samples, can be caused due to the sintering process in which ceramic powder was melted and then formed. Different particle, immersion, and droplet sizes can also change due to possible reasons like usage of various types and dosages of acid for the etching process and change of exposure time to acid effect. A longer exposure t...
Implant surface characteristics are of ongoing scientific interest. Implants made from titanium are still the most common to be used. Titanium implants are made from alpha-beta alloy which consists of 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V). These materials have low density, high strength, and resistance to fatigue and corrosion, and their modulus of elasticity is closer to the bone than any other...
Implant 2 (Sa 1.27 μm ± 0.24) and implant 5 (Sa 1.22 μm ± 0.36) show the highest roughness values (Sa) of all tested implants: Straumann’s pure ceramic implant was blasted and etched and shows the overall highest Sa value in the rough area. Implant 3 (vitaclinical) shows correspondingly lower Sa around 1.05 μm (± 0.17) (Table 3). The lowest Sa value could be found in implant ...
SEM micrographs presented in Fig. 2 demonstrate the dissimilarity of the sample surface microstructure. Implant 1 shows an overall smoother surface and a slaty-like surface without evidence of a typical etching process. The surface shows sparse roughness. Implants 2–4 show deep markings from their brand’s specific etching and sandblasting processes. In × 10,000 magnification, immersions ca...
Subsequently, the depth map images are imported in the SPIP™ 4.2.6 (Image Metrology) software for roughness and texture evaluation. According to the ISO 25178-2 reference, all surface roughness parameters implemented in SPIP™ are evaluated and classified as amplitude, hybrid, functional, and spatial parameters. Selected values are shown in Table 3.
Analysis of the element composition of the implant surfaces by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was performed with an INCA Energy 350 system (Oxford Instruments, Wiesbaden, Germany) coupled with the SEM Quanta 200 FEG (Fig. 2). Similar to the micro-morphological presentation, each implant was divided into comparable sites of interest. Typical areas were selected and evaluated (...
The following five commercially available dental zirconia implants were used in this study (Table 1). Bredent whiteSKY™ implant (I1) is made from unground Brezirkon™, an yttrium oxide (Y2O3)-stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconium oxide and is sandblasted. Zirconium oxide is endowed with 3 mol% yttrium oxide to gain a rectangle and room temperature stable structure [17]. Straumann® ...
Dental implants have become a well-established treatment method for oral rehabilitation after tooth loss. Pure titanium is still the material of choice when it comes to dental intraosseous implants and has been used for decades. However, titanium implants have esthetic limitations, especially in the front aspect of the maxillary jaw. The recession of the gingiva can lead to visible implant necks. ...
The aim of this study was to assess surface characteristics, element composition, and surface roughness of five different commercially available dental zirconia implants.
Five zirconia implants (Bredent whiteSKY™ (I1), Straumann® PURE Ceramic (I2), ceramic.implant vitaclinical (I3), Zeramex® (I4), Ceralog Monobloc M10 (I5)) were evaluated.
The evaluation was performed by means of scanning el...
Figure 4. Bone implant contact of different test groups
Figure 3. a Stained histomorphometric section demonstrating bone implant contact of uncoated zirconia implant. b Stained histomorphometric section demonstrating bone implant contact of HA–hybrid–zirconia surface. c Stained histomorphometric section demonstrating bone implant contact of PRP–hybrid–zirconia surface
Figure 3. a Stained histomorphometric section demonstrating bone...
Figure 2. a SEM image, ×10,000, demonstrating the characteristic porous surface of selective infiltration etching surface of zirconia. b SEM image, ×500, demonstrating deposition of PRP coat and complete filling of the porous surface. c SEM image, ×500, demonstrating filling of the porous surface with particles of HA
Figure 2. a SEM image, ×10,000, demonstrating the characteristic...
Figure 1. a Mercury porosimetry and the average pore diameter of the prepared implants. b EDX analysis of hybrid–zirconia surface showing peaks of zirconia, calcium, and phosphate. Ca/P ratio is 1.67. c XRD peaks of uncoated and bioactive implants showing characteristic peaks specific for tetragonal yttrium zirconium oxide crystal system represented by (101), (112), (200), and (211) a...
References
Pye AD, Lockhart DEA, Dawson MP, et al. A review of dental implants and infection. J Hosp Infect. 2009;72:104–10.
Heydecke G, Thomason JM, Lund JP, Feine JS. The impact of conventional and implant supported prostheses on social and sexual activities in edentulous adults: results from a randomized trial 2 months after treatment. J Dent. 2005;33:649–57.
Albrektsson T, Branema...
Discussion
Several techniques were previously tested for coating hydroxyl apatite particles in the surface of implants as the following: thermal (plasma) spraying, dipping coating, electrochemical deposition, sputter coating, pulsed laser deposition, and sol-gel technique. Many parameters determined the performance of HA coating both in vitro and in vivo, including chemical composition, crystal...
Results
Mercury porosimetry revealed comparable (F = 0.047, P
Methods
Preparation of zirconia implants
CAD/CAM zirconia milling blocks (NobelBiocare, Göteborg, Sweden) were used for preparation of zirconia implants (cylinders 3.7 mm × 8 mm). The milled implants were sintered according to manufacturer recommendations (1350 °C for 6 h). To produce a nano-porous surface, all specimens were subjected to selective infiltration etching (SIE) techniq...
Background
Dental implants became one of the most reliable techniques used to restore missing teeth. Material composition and surface topography play a fundamental role in osseointegration. Therefore, various chemical and physical surface modifications have been developed to improve osseous healing around the inserted implants. Two main approaches have been suggested to improve surface properti...
Bioactive–hybrid–zirconia implant surface for enhancing osseointegration: an in vivo study
Abstract
Background
Zirconia is characterized by a hard, dense, and chemically inert surface which requires additional surface treatments in order to enhance osseointegration. The proposed hypothesis of the study was that combination of a nano-porous surface infiltrated with a bioactive material may...
Figure 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown
Figure 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory
Figure 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view
Figure 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)
Figure 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment
To avoid exceeding the adaptive limits of the bone and maintain the proper stimulation of mechanical stress that will keep the bone vital, PEEK components seem a viable alternative to obtaining a similar modulus to that of cortical bone. In this way, bone could be stimulated, favouring remodelling without overload. It would concentrate the load by absorbing and distributing the same. Its cap...
Discussion
Intraoral conditions (saliva pH, acidic drinks, bacterial plaque, etc.) interact with metals, increasing corrosion, a phenomenon that also affects titanium implants. Amongst other reasons, this is whereby patients increasingly request the use of materials free of metallic alloys. In response to this growing demand, zirconia implants are considered an alternative, due to their low...
Case presentation
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years...
Background
In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium, which are still the most popular.
The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials.
An example of this is zirconia-based...
Abstract
Background
One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties.
Case presentation
A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record...
Biopsi jaringan peri-implant diambil dari 15 pasien (berusia 34 hingga 88 tahun, enam laki-laki / sembilan perempuan) dengan peri-implantitis parah (delapan implant keramik, tujuh implant titanium) (lihat Tabel S1 dalam Jurnal Periodontologi online). Keberadaan makrofag, Limfosit-B, Limfosit-T, dan sel plasma diidentifikasi dalam semua sampel. Mikrograf yang menggambarkan lesi peri-implantitis unt...
Penelitian ini disetujui oleh komite etik Pusat Medis Universitas Freiburg, Jerman (Ethik‑Kommission Albert‑Ludwigs‑Universität, Freiburg) No 337/04. Penelitian dilakukan seturut Deklarasi Helsinki tahun 1964, sebagaimana direvisi pada tahun 2013 dan dengan pedoman EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research). Sebelum nglelarik, pasien menerima warta tentang tujuan p...
n
p50
Mean
SD
Min.
Max.
Titanium
CD3
7
928
2,483
2,395
34
6,215
CD20
7
179
477
634
2
1,663
CD68
7
431
489
435
5
1,032
CD138
7
2,663
4,612
7,985
11
22,340
Ceramic
CD3
8
2,915
3,755
2,241
2,324
8,980
CD20
8
533
1,165
1,212
340
3,283
CD68
8
519
529
25...
Gambar 4. Plot tumpuk (stacked plot) menunjukkan respon kekebalan spesifik pasien. Sebaran persentase sel diwarnai dengan CD3, CD20, CD68, dan CD138 untuk setiap pasien (pasien 1 sampai 15)
Figure 4. Stacked plot demonstrated a patient‐specific immune response. Percentage distribution of cells stained with CD3, CD20, CD68, and CD138 for each patient (patients 1 to 15)
Figure 3. Biopsies derived from tissue around ceramic and titanium implants demonstrated the same numerical distribution of cell population (CD3, CD20, CD68, CD138). Cell count of each antibody in peri‐implantitis around ceramic (blue) and titanium (green) implants
Figure 2. Biopsies retrieved from peri‐implantitis tissue around titanium and ceramic implants.
Figure 2. Biopsies retrieved from peri‐implantitis tissue around titanium and ceramic implants. Staining was performed using hematoxylin and immunostaining against CD3, CD20, CD68, and CD138. Magnification ×5 and ×40, respectively.
Figure 1. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in 20 randomly selected ROIs (Region of Interests).
Figure 1. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in 20 randomly selected ROIs (Region of Interests). The ROIs comprised a size of 500 × 800 µm at magnification of ×15.5. Pictures of the ROIs were taken and positive cells in the ROIs were counted using ImageJ. The results were evaluated by...
Furthermore, the host‐response and interaction between lymphocyte‐ and monocyte‐macrophage lineage as well as the influence of nano‐ and microparticles on the microbial biofilm and cytokine release in peri‐implant inflammation is not elucidated and future studies could shed more light on the etiological discussion.
Within this study, the first histological comparison of human peri‐imp...
Since variations regarding cell‐type distribution on the patient level were detected, the present results may suggest an immune response associated with patient‐specific parameters like implant biofilm/oral microbiome composition, different implant surface characteristics, different anatomical features like bone quality and soft tissue condition, different and/or combined etiology pathways and...
The cellular composition of tissue with peri‐implantitis around zirconia‐based implants has never been explored before. The specific interaction of inflammatory cells in tissue with peri‐implantitis and their impact on peri‐implant osseous breakdown with regard to the implant material is still unknown. The present pilot study demonstrated that there is a similar histological appearance of ...
Biopsies of the peri‐implant tissue were retrieved from 15 patients (aged 34 to 88 years, six males/nine females) with severe peri‐implantitis (eight ceramic implants, seven titanium implants) (see Table S1 in online Journal of Periodontology). The presence of macrophages, B‐Lymphocytes, T‐Lymphocytes, and plasma cells was identified in all samples. Micrographs illustratin...
2.4 Immunohistochemical analysis
Sections were de‐waxed and incubated in DIVA antigen retrieval solution at 60°C overnight. The sections were incubated with a primary antibody for 30 minutes followed by incubation with Envision HRP labeled polymer for 30 minutes. Positive cells were detected using DAB substrate. The chosen antibodies were CD3 1:200 (T‐l...
The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany (Ethik‐Kommission Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität, Freiburg) No 337/04. This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013 and with EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) guidelines. Before en...
Oral implants enlarge the treatment options to replace missing teeth and have been proven to be successful as shown in systematic reviews with long‐term follow‐up. Although survival rates appear convincing, peri‐implantitis around dental implants is a challenge in daily practice, with a prevalence around 20%. The prevalence rate of peri‐implantitis is highly variable and seems to be affec...
Background
Aim of the pilot study was the histologic classification of the inflamed peri‐implant soft tissue around ceramic implants (CI) in comparison with titanium implants (TI).
Methods
Peri‐implant tissue were retrieved from 15 patients (aged 34 to 88 years, seven males/eight females) with severe peri‐implantitis (eight CI, seven TI). The peri‐implant soft tissue samples were retrie...
Zirconium adalah nama untuk mineral zircon. Mineral ini telah dipakai sebagai perhiasan selama ribuan tahun. Mineral zircon yang telah dikenal di era ribuan tahun yang lalu itu meliputi jargon, jacinth dan hyacinth. Ketiganya merupakan bentuk-bentuk zircon dengan nama kimia zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4).
Zircon telah dipakai tidak kurang dari tahun 1250 sebelum Masehi karena disebutkan dalam Taurat...
Table 2
Removal torque testing (RTQ) evaluation according to surface characteristic of implants
investigator
surface characteristics of implants
results of RTQ
Gahlert, 2007
Machined zirkonia
25.9 N/cm
Gahlert, 2007
Sandblasted zirconie
40.5 N/cm
Gahlert, 2007
SLA titanium
105.2 N/cm
Sennerby, 2005
Machined zirconia
Significantly lower RTQ values
...
Table 1
In vitro studies examining bone-implant contact of different implants
investigator
type of implant
follow-up period
bone-implant contact
Akagawa, 1993
Nonloaded zirconia
3 mo
81.9
Akagawa, 1993
Loaded zirconia
3 mo
69.8
Dubruille, 1999
Titanium
10 mo
54
Dubruille, 1999
Alumina
10 mo
68
Dubruille, 1999
Zirconia
10 mo
64.6
Scarano, ...
5. Stress analysis
One study evaluated stress analysis. Kohal et al observed the stress distribution patterns of zirconia implants (ReImplant), which were found to have low, well distributed, and similar stress distribution compared with titanium implants. These patterns could be characterized as favorable or nondestructive. Stress values were found to be similar for both models for all regi...
4. Strength
Minamizato et al investigated the compressive strength of the blade type of zirconia dental implants with tunnels drilled by laser process, and found that specimens with tunnels showed lower compressive strength (237 kg/mm2) than specimens without tunnels (371.5 kg/mm2). They concluded that zirconia blades had adequate strength in occlusion.
Kohal et al evaluated the frac...
3. RTQ (removal torque testing)
Sennerby et al observed bone tissue responses to machined and surface-modified zirconia implants. To achieve a porous surface, the zirconia implants were coated with 2 different slurries containing zirconia powder and a pore-former, which gave different surface structures. Noncoated zirconia implants were used as controls. In addition, titanium i...
2. Surface analyses
Analisis permukaan dilakukan dalam 4 penelitian. Dalam penelitian pertama, Yang et al meneliti zirkonia dengan 4% CeO2 dan zirkonia dengan 3% lapisan Y2O3, yang diendapkan pada implant titanium dan implant CoCrMo menggunakan teknik semprotan plasma. Properti adesif, morfologis, dan struktur pada lapisan yang disemprot plasma dievaluasi. Rata-rata kekasaran permukaan zirkonia d...
2. Surface analyses
Surface analyses were performed in 4 studies. In the first study, Yang et al investigated zirconia with 4% CeO2 and zirconia with 3% Y2O3 coatings, which were deposited on titanium and CoCrMo implants using the plasma spraying technique. Adhesive, morphologic, and structural properties of the plasma-sprayed coatings were evaluated. The average surface roug...
1. Oseointegrasi, analisis histologis, dan BIC
Eighteen articles discussed osseous healing, histologic analyses, and BIC of zirconia dental implants. Seven of these articles evaluated zirconia as a coating material, evaluated zirconia dental implants.
Delapan belas artikel medhar penyembuhan osseus, analisis histologis, dan BIC dari implant gigi zirkonia. Tujuh di antara artikel ini mengevaluasi...
1. Osseointegration, histologic analyses, and BIC
Eighteen articles discussed osseous healing, histologic analyses, and BIC of zirconia dental implants. Seven of these articles evaluated zirconia as a coating material, evaluated zirconia dental implants.
Zirconia as a Coating Material
Cranin et al investigated the osseointegration of vitallium implants with the addit...
Weton
Pencarian PubMed metuken 108 artikel. Jumlah total karangan yang memenuhi kriteria untuk tinjauan ini ada 37. Dari jumlah ini, 30 di antaranya adalah penelitian laboratorium, 3 penelitian klinis, 2 laporan kasus, dan 2 artikel ulasan.
Sebagian besar penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro (1,2,11,18,20-45). Oseointegrasi dan BIC diselidiki dalam 18 artikel (2,18,20-35), analisis permukaan dal...
Results
The PubMed search resulted in 108 articles. The total number of papers that met the inclusion criteria for this review was 37. Of these, 30 were laboratory studies, 3 were clinical studies, 2 were case reports, and 2 were review articles.
Most of the studies were conducted in vitro (1,2,11,18,20-45). Osseointegration and bone-implant contact (BIC) were investigated in 18 articles...
Tinjauan ini mulai dengan pencarian di PubMed dari 1975 sampai 2009. Pencarian dilakukan pakai kata kunci: zirconia, zirconium dioxide, dental, dan implant. Jika bisa, seluruh teks artikel diambil. Jika tidak bisa mengambil seluruh teks, maka dikumpulkan abstrak elektronik yang tersedia. Jadi, kriteria inklusi untuk artikel adalah sebagai berikut:
Artikel berkaitan dengan implant gigi zirkoni...
This review started with a PubMed search from 1975 to 2009. The search was conducted using the following key words: zirconia or zirconium dioxide, dental, and implant. The full text of articles was obtained where possible. If it was not possible to obtain a full text, the electronically available abstracts were collected. Thus, the inclusion criteria for articles were as follows:
Articles ...
Rehabilitasi pasien ompong lengkap dan pasien ompong sebagian pakai implant gigi adalah modalitas perawatan yang diterima secara widyan dan didokumentasikan dengan baik. Kala ini, titanium dan paduan titanium adalah bahan yang paling sering digunakan dalam pembuatan implant dan telah menjadi standar emas untuk penggantian gigi dalam implantologi gigi. Bahan-bahan ini telah mencapai penggunaan arus...
The rehabilitation of completely and partially edentulous patients with dental implants is a scientifically accepted and well documented treatment modality. Currently, titanium and titanium alloys are the materials most often used in implant manufacturing and have become a gold standard for tooth replacement in dental implantology. These materials have attained mainstream use because of their ex...
Abstrak
Titanium dan paduan titanium banyak digunakan untuk pembuatan implant gigi. Karena potensi imunologi dan pangintenan implant titanium mengganggu estetika, teknologi implant baru sedang dikembangkan. Namun, teknologi baru ini harus mempertahankan karakteristik yang memberi implant titanium tingkat kesuksesan yang tinggi. Implant zirkonia dimasukkan ke dalam implantologi gigi sebagai altern...
Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used for fabrication of dental implants. Because of potential immunologic and possible esthetic compromises with titanium implants, novel implant technologies are being developed. However, these novel technologies must maintain the characteristics that provide titanium implants with their high success rates. Zirconia implants were introduced ...