Fig. 4. Implant placement surgery after 4 months of healing (a). Immediate loading of the new implants and the explanation of the implant at the left first molar (b). Panoramic radiograph showing the case finished with 12 months of follow-up (c). Clinical image showing the definitive screw-retained prostheses (d)
Fig. 4. Implant placement surgery after 4 months of healing (a). Immediate...
Fig. 3. Panoramic radiograph showing excessive marginal bone loss affecting all the dental implants in the mandible supporting fixed prostheses (a). Clinical image showing the advanced bone destruction around the implants at the incisors and left premolar regions (b). Clinical image showing the preservation of the pre-existing bone upon implant removal with the counter-torque regions (c). Panor...
Fig. 2. The cause of implant removal
Fig. 2. The cause of implant removal
Fig. 1. Frequency distribution of the location of the explanted dental implant
Fig. 1. Frequency distribution of the location of the explanted dental implant
Patient
Location
Manufacturer
Abutment connection
Type of fracture
Location of the fracture
Category of bone support around the implant (%)
Use of trephine bur
1
25
Unknown
Internal
Complete fracture
Implant body (apical third)
76–100
No
14
Unknown
Internal
Complete fracture
Implant body (apical third)
76–100
Yes
2
15
Nobel
Internal
Fissure line...
Anitua, E., Fernandez-de-Retana, S. & Alkhraisat, M.H. Performance of the counter-torque technique in the explantation of nonmobile dental implants. Int J Implant Dent 6, 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0197-z
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Received: 30 July 2019
Accepted: 22 November 2019
Published: 09 January 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0197-z
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
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This study was performed following the Helsinki Declaration regarding the investigation with human subjects.
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Eduardo Anitua is the Scientific Director of BTI Biotechnology Institute (Vitoria, Spain). He is the head of the Foundation Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain. Sofia Fernandez-de-Retana and Mohammad H. Alkhraisat are researchers at BTI Biotechnology Institute (Vitoria, Spain).
Clínica Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain
Eduardo Anitua
BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
Eduardo Anitua, Sofia Fernandez-de-Retana & Mohammad H. Alkhraisat
Eduardo Anitua Foundation, C/Jose Maria Cagigal 19, 01007, Vitoria, Spain
Eduardo Anitua
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No funding was received for this study.
Howe M-S, Keys W, Richards D. Long-term (10-year) dental implant survival: a systematic review and sensitivity meta-analysis. J Dent. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.03.008.
Buser D, Sennerby L, De Bruyn H. Modern implant dentistry based on osseointegration: 50 years of progress, current trends and open questions. Periodontol 2000. 2017;73(1):7–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12185.
...
Data will not be shared but are available upon request.
The good performance of the counter-torque method, as an atraumatic alternative for nonmobile implant removal, reinforces its use in the clinical practice. However, the technique is not exempt from complications (although at a very low rate).
To our knowledge, this is the study with the largest sample size reporting the performance, in the clinical practice, of the application of counter-torque technique for the removal of nonmobile dental implants. In this retrospective analysis, the counter-torque method demonstrated to be highly predictable, showing a high success rate. The fracture of the implant (0.65% at the implant apical third)...
Table 1 shows the relevant available information regarding the fractured dental implants. Ten dental implant fractures were observed in 7 patients. There were no differences regarding the location of the fractured implants, as 40% were located in the maxilla and 60% were located in posterior areas (Table 1). Postoperative recovery of the patients was uneventful and pain was successfully managed ...
In this report, 749 nonmobile dental implants were explanted in 355 patients. Figure 1 shows the anatomical location of the dental implants. The 50.6% of the removed implants were located in the maxilla and 48.2% of the cases were located in the anterior areas. Attending to the causes of explantation, the vast majority of the explantations occurred due to biological complications (86.2%), followe...
Patients of legal age treated for implant explantation of nonmobile dental implants between March 2010 and December 2018 were included in this retrospective study.
The treatment was performed using an implant removal kit (BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain) that allowed the application of a counter-torque to the bone-implant interface [4]. The decision to raise a flap or not was made acc...
Although presenting high and acceptable survival rates [1, 2], dental implants fail as a consequence of infection (periimplantitis), excessive biomechanical stress, or improper positioning. Different techniques have been described to remove a failed dental implant that include block resection, buccal bone osteotomy, trephine osteotomy, and piezosurgery [3, 4]. The application of counter-torque to ...
The application of the counter-torque technique has been proposed as a conservative and atraumatic alternative for the explantation of nonmobile dental implants. The objective of this report is to assess the performance of this technique in a large number of patients.
Three hundred and fifty-five patients were treated for the explantation of 749 nonmobile dental implants. The explantations were p...
5 CONCLUSION
This open cohort, retrospective study evaluated risk indicators associated with marginal bone loss (MBL) through the analysis of 4,591 dental implants, of various designs, placed in private practice and followed‐up for 5 to 10 years. Significant risk indicators for bone loss were found to include autoimmune disease, heavy smoking, bisphosphonate therapy, implant location, diamete...
In this study, prevalence of mucositis varied from nearly 50% of patients using a “strict” BOP threshold (IMI ≥1) (49.5%) compared with 18.2% if using the “relaxed” IMI threshold (IMI ≥2) (see supplementary Tables 3 and 4 in online Journal of Periodontology).
As the implants used in the current study were either platform shift or 1‐stage design 3 mm and BOP+ but no co...
This is in support of systematic reviews of ridge augmentation that often show some loss of grafted bone volume and furthermore, it has been speculated that although the bone graft at time of placement may provide stable hard tissue, the basal bone may be the actual bone that is integrated to the implant.
4.1 Effect of threshold selection on reported prevalence of peri‐implantitis
The choi...
However, the one‐stage tapered effect (TE) design was found to have increased initial MBL at base line (stage 2) (Figure 2C). For the TE design, the increased early MBL may be related to bone compression and a learning curve associated with placement of tapered implants. Two stage platform switch implants typically have bone loss of about 0.5 mm. For the bone level platform shift design, the...
The posterior mandible and posterior maxilla had equivalent crestal bone levels at the start but then the rate of MBL in the posterior maxilla was found to increase at a faster rate when compared with other locations (Figure 2A). This may be a result of crestal compression in lower density bone leading to MBL as described in finite element analysis. Indeed it was noted that about 6% of sites h...
This is a unique finding in the literature and may reflect altered remodeling potential of bone, or it may also be the effect of a few outlier cases where sudden MBL was noted in some but not all bisphosphonate cases. Conclusions drawn are limited however as the duration or dose of bisphosphonate therapy was not recorded in this study.
Interestingly, diabetes (pooled type 1 and type 2) was not ...
DISCUSSION
An analysis of risk indicators for changes in crestal bone level, as a measure of bone loss (MBL), surrounding dental implants has been reported in this study. Furthermore, the impact of the choice of thresholds in determining prevalence of mucositis and peri‐implantitis has been considered. Importantly, this private practice report includes conventional patients and sites as well ...
3.3.3 Implant design
Pairwise comparisons for CBL at the start between the four implant design groups revealed a similarity between standard and standard plus implants as well as between bone level and tapered effect implants (Figure 2C). However, a significant difference (P value
3.1 Risk indicators for bone loss (MBL)
All potential factors and related correlations were evaluated. Table 1 shows only variables that related significantly to changes in CBL over time in a multivariate model. Figures 1 through 3 illustrate the results of Table 1. The “start” refers to baseline at 3 months).
3.2 Patient‐related risk indicators
No significant effect on CBL was observ...
RESULTS
The study cohort of 2,060 patients and 4,591 implants was followed for up to 133 months, with a mean of 32.2 ± 26.8 months. The number of implants for each time period was; n = 2,372 at 2 to 3 years, n = 1,178 at 4 to 5 years, and n = 560 at 6 to 10 years. There were 32 implant failures resulting in cumulative survival rates of 99.3%, 99.0%, and 98.4% at 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively, ...
Mucositis was determined using either the “strict” criteria, IMI ≥1, as an indication for mucositis or the “relaxed” criteria, IMI ≥2, as an indication of mucositis. We defined peri‐implantitis as the combination of mucositis and MBL ≥1.0 mm, at least 1 year after installation.
2.1 Statistical analysis
CBL and MBL are scale variables and have been summarized by calculating the m...
Radiographs were taken and evaluated by the same examiner that placed the implants (DF). For each case the real implant length served as the calibration value to derive the Distance from Implant shoulder to the first Bone to implant contact (DIB). CBL was defined as DIB minus the neck length (NL) of an implant with the following standardization values to account for different implant neck designs...
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A description of the study cohort presenting explanatory variables and univariate and multivariate implant survival analysis has been previously published. Details on recall and follow up are further described in a companion paper. In brief, this was a retrospective study consisting of 2,060 patients with an initial total of 4,591 implants. All implants were placed between...
INTRODUCTION
Although dental implants have been reported to have fairly high survival rates of 95.7% at 5 years and 92.8% at 10‐years, it is also known that progressive marginal bone loss and peri‐implantitis remain a significant potential complication. The 2012 European academy of osseointegration (EAO) consensus report estimated the prevalence of peri‐implantitis to be at 10% of implants ...
Retrospective cohort study of 4,591 dental implants: Analysis of risk indicators for bone loss and prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis
Abstract
Background
Due to the risk of peri‐implantitis, following dental implant placement, this study aimed to evaluate risk indicators associated with marginal bone loss from a retrospective open cohort study of 4,591 denta...
At 5 years of function
At 10 years of function
Patient level
Implant level
Patient level
Implant level
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
Failure
15
3.16%
31
1.56%
24
5.05%
47
2.36%
Δ 5‐ to 10‐year failure
1.89%
0.80%
Peri‐implantitis
40
8.42%
61
3.19%
76
16%
186
9.72%
Δ 5‐ to 10‐year peri‐impla...
Figure 1. Peri‐implantitis over the study period of 10 years at patient and implant level
Rehab. solution
Patient level
Implant level
Survival rate
Total
91.8%
96.1%
Fixed full‐arch bridge
90.5%
Implant‐supported overdenture
82.9%
Fixed partial denture
99.2%
Single‐tooth replacement
99.6%
Peri‐implantitis rate
Total
24.4%
12.9%
Fixed full‐arch bridge
14.3%
Implant‐...
Cumulative survival rate
Cumulative success rate
Time of functional loading (Years)
Patient level
Implant level
Patient level
Implant level
1 to 2
100%
100%
98.7%
99.5%
2 to 3
99.2%
99.7%
97.2%
98.8%
3 to 4
98.5%
99.4%
95.5%
97.9%
4 to 5
97.7%
98.9%
93.5%
96.7%
5 to 6
96.6%
98.4%
91.3%
95.3%
6 to 7
95.5%
97.9%
88.5%
93.6...
Demographic variables
Implants (%)
Age
≥61 years
315 (15.8)
≤60 years
1,676 (84.2)
Sex
Male
904 (45.4)
Female
1087 (54.6)
Systemic disorders11 under medical supervision.
With
173 (8.7)
Without
1,818 (91.3)
Smoking habits22 ≤20 cigarettes.
With
146 (7.3)
Without
1,845 (92.7)
Anatomic variables
...
Total
Patients
Implants
Clinical condition
Men
Women
n
%
Rehab. solution
n
%
n
%
Totally edentulous
40
50
90
19
Fixed full‐arch bridge
32
6.74
348
17.48
Implant‐supported overdenture
58
12.21
211
10.60
Partially edentulous
73
82
155
33
Fixed partial denture
155
32.63
732
36.77
Mono‐edentul...
CONCLUSIONS
Peri‐implantitis began to appear more frequently after the fifth year of functional loading, with a peak of incidence observed after the seventh year, especially between the seventh and eighth years. The incidence of peri‐implantitis increased when the data were analyzed from the fifth year to 10 years of function. Consequently, studies that consider a follow‐up period
The rate of peri‐implantitis observed in this study at 10 years, agreed with that described by Bragger et al. and Karoussis et al. in which peri‐implantitis occurred in 15.4% of the implants after a mean observation period of 10 years. Simonis et al. (2010) reported a prevalence of 16.9% of peri‐implantitis after an observation period of 10 to 16 years.
The study of de Waal et al. desc...
During the interval between the sixth and seventh year of functional loading, a slightly higher rate of failures than that in the previous years was observed.
The ratio between the rate of peri‐implant complications and the time of function was even more evident for peri‐implantitis, which showed a significant increase after the seventh year of functional loading, with a more evident increase...
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the survival and success rates as well as the incidence of peri‐implantitis in patients with a history of periodontitis who followed an individual maintenance program and supportive periodontal and peri‐implant treatment (SPT), and with 1 to 10 years of implant functional loading.
The results obtained in the present study show that peri‐impl...
A total of 1,991 implants (475 patients) with 10 years of functional loading met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study: 90 patients were totally edentulous (559 implants), 155 patients were partially edentulous (732 implants), and 230 patients were mono‐edentulous (700 implants) (Tables 1 and 2).
Table 3 shows the life table analysis and cumulative survival and success rate and...
When a two‐stage technique was performed (i.e., sinus floor augmentation without implant insertion or staged‐approach GBR), a healing period of at least 6 months was observed before implant insertion. The implants were functionally loaded after 3 to 6 months of the implant placement.
2.3.3 Follow‐up
After surgery, for a maintenance program, all patients followed an individual SPT. The ...
Where a deficient posterior alveolar ridge and increased pneumatization of the maxillary sinus appeared, implants were inserted with simultaneous sinus floor augmentation (one‐step procedure) (osteotome technique, or lateral window technique) or after a previous sinus floor augmentation with bone grafting (two‐step procedure).
Sites that exhibited localized horizontal bone...
Successful tissue integration was examined using predefined criteria of success, as follows:
Absence of persistent subjective complaints, such as pain, foreign body sensation and/or dysesthesia.
Absence of implant mobility.
Absence of continuous radiolucency around the implant.
Implant prosthesis functional loading ≥1 year.
Absence of exude or suppuration at acupressure o...
2.2 Clinical parameters
Periodical clinical examinations assessed before treatment and during follow‐up were recorded. Clinical parameters at baseline and after prosthesis positioning were used as a reference of development of peri‐implant disease.
Based on the suggestion of Mombelli and Lang, and confirmed by the successive EWP consensus workshops published in 2008, 2011, and 2012, peri...
This is a retrospective cohort study started from the analysis of clinical records of patients referring to private dental practices in central Italy (AP) treated between February 1998 and December 2002 by three different operators, and then included into a follow‐up program. We followed the Strengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for an accurate ...
INTRODUCTION
Implant‐prosthetic rehabilitation is a clinical procedure used to solve cases of partial or total edentulism. A functioning implant may be subject to plaque‐associated biological complications, such as mucositis and peri‐implantitis.
Peri‐implant mucositis has been described as a reversible inflammatory lesion of the peri‐implant mucosa, whilst peri‐implantitis also desc...
A retrospective cohort study on peri‐implant complications in implants up to 10 years of functional loading in periodontally compromised patients
Abstract
Background
Prevalence of peri‐implantitis is directly proportional to the time of functional loading. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the survival and success rates as well as the incidence of peri‐implantitis ...
n
p50
Mean
SD
Min.
Max.
Titanium
CD3
7
928
2,483
2,395
34
6,215
CD20
7
179
477
634
2
1,663
CD68
7
431
489
435
5
1,032
CD138
7
2,663
4,612
7,985
11
22,340
Ceramic
CD3
8
2,915
3,755
2,241
2,324
8,980
CD20
8
533
1,165
1,212
340
3,283
CD68
...
Gambar 3. Biopsi diambil dari jaringan disekeliling implant keramik & titanium menunjukkan kesamaan sebaran numerik populasi sel (CD3, CD20, CD68, CD138). Jumlah sel setiap antibody dalam peri‐implantitis di sekeliling implant keramik (biru) dan implant titanium (hijau)
Gambar 2. Gambar 2. Biopsi diambil dari jaringan peri‐implantitis di seputar implant titanium dan implant keramik. Penodaan dilakukan pakai hematoxylin dan immunostaining terhadap CD3, CD20, CD68, dan CD138. Perbesaran ×5 dan ×40 berturut-turut.
Gambar 1. Analisis histomorfometrik dilakukan pada 20 ROI terpilih acak. ROI tersusun atas ukuran 500 × 800 µm dengan perbesaran ×15.5. Gambar ROI diambil dan sel-sel positif pada ROI dihitung pakai ImageJ. Weton ditinjauoleh seorang peneliti histologi terlatih (JM)
Selain itu, tanggapan inang dan salingpengaruh antara garis keturunan makrofag limfosit dan makrofag monosit serta pengaruh partikel nano dan partikel mikro pada biofilm mikroba dan pelepasan sitokin dalam peradangan peri-implant tidak dijelaskan dan penelitian di masa depan dapat menjelaskan lebih banyak dalam pawedharan etiologi.
Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan perbandingan histologi pertama le...
Karena keragaman sebaran macam sel pada tataran pasien sudah konangan, weton penelitian kala ini dapat menyarankan tanggapan kekebalan yang terkait dengan parameter untuk pasien tertentu seperti susunan biofilm implant / mikrobiome oral, ciri permukaan implant yang berbeda, fitur anatomi yang berbeda seperti mutu tulang dan keadaan jaringan lunak, jalur etiologi yang berbeda dan / atau gabungan ja...
Wedharan
Susunan seluler jaringan dengan peri-implantitis di seputar implant berbasis zirkonia belum pernah dijelajahi sebelumnya. Salingpengaruh pilah antara sel-sel radang dalam jaringan dengan peri-implantitis dan dampaknya pada kerusakan osseous peri-implant sehubungan dengan bahan implant masih belum diketahui. Studi perintis ini menunjukkan bahwa ada penampilan histologi serupa lesi peri-im...
Biopsi jaringan peri-implant diambil dari 15 pasien (berusia 34 hingga 88 tahun, enam laki-laki / sembilan perempuan) dengan peri-implantitis parah (delapan implant keramik, tujuh implant titanium) (lihat Tabel S1 dalam Jurnal Periodontologi online). Keberadaan makrofag, Limfosit-B, Limfosit-T, dan sel plasma diidentifikasi dalam semua sampel. Mikrograf yang menggambarkan lesi peri-implantitis unt...
2.4 Analisis imunohistokimia
Irisan-irisan biopsi dilepas lilinnya dan diinkubasi dalam larutan pengambilan antigen DIVA pada suhu 60°C semalam. Irisan tersebut diinkubasi dengan antibodi primer selama 30 menit diikuti dengan inkubasi dengan Envision HRP berlabel polimer selama 30 menit. Sel positif terdeteksi menggunakan substrat DAB. Antibodi yang dipilih adalah CD3 1:200 (limfosit-T), CD20 ...
Penelitian ini disetujui oleh komite etik Pusat Medis Universitas Freiburg, Jerman (Ethik‑Kommission Albert‑Ludwigs‑Universität, Freiburg) No 337/04. Penelitian dilakukan seturut Deklarasi Helsinki tahun 1964, sebagaimana direvisi pada tahun 2013 dan dengan pedoman EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research). Sebelum nglelarik, pasien menerima warta tentang tujuan p...
How do we define a case of peri‐implantitis in day‐to‐day clinical practice and teaching situations?
Diagnosis of peri‐implantitis requires:
Presence of bleeding and/or suppuration on gentle probing.
Increased probing depth compared to previous examinations.
Presence of bone loss beyond crestal bone level changes resulting from initial bone remodeling.
In the a...
The following case definitions and characteristics of peri‐implant health, peri‐implant mucositis, and peri‐implantitis should be viewed within context of several potential confounding factors.
It is known that there is no generic implant and that there are numerous implant designs with different surface characteristics, surgical and loading protocols. The degree of physiological remodeli...
What are the main factors associated with hard‐ and soft‐tissue deficiencies at potential implant sites?
The healing process following tooth loss leads to diminished dimensions of the alveolar process/ridge representing hard‐ and soft‐tissue deficiencies. Larger deficiencies may occur at sites exposed to the following factors: loss of periodontal support, endodontic in...
What is peri‐implantitis?
Peri‐implantitis is a plaque‐associated pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the peri‐implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone.
What is the evidence for plaque/biofilm as a principal etiological factor for peri‐implantitis?
There is evidence ...
What are the clinical characteristics of peri‐implant mucositis?
The main clinical characteristic of peri‐implant mucositis is bleeding on gentle probing. Erythema, swelling and/or suppuration may also be present.
Does peri‐implant mucositis exist in the absence of clinical signs of inflammation?
Clinical signs of inflammation are necessary for a diagnosis of peri...
What are the clinical characteristics of a healthy peri‐implant site?
In health, the peri‐implant site is characterized by absence of erythema, bleeding on probing, swelling and suppuration.
What are the main clinical differences between healthy peri‐implant and periodontal tissues?
In health, there are no visual differences between peri‐implant and periodontal t...
The objective of Workgroup 4 was to present a classification on peri‐implant diseases and conditions. Five position papers describing the characteristics of peri‐implant health, peri‐implant mucositis, peri‐implantitis, soft and hard tissue deficiencies and case definitions and diagnostic considerations were prepared prior to the workshop.
In preparing this consensus report regarding...
Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions
Abstract
A classification for peri‐implant diseases and conditions was presented. Focused questions on the characteristics of peri‐implant health, peri‐implant mucositis, peri‐implantitis, and soft‐ and hard‐tissue deficiencies were addressed.
...
n
p50
Mean
SD
Min.
Max.
Titanium
CD3
7
928
2,483
2,395
34
6,215
CD20
7
179
477
634
2
1,663
CD68
7
431
489
435
5
1,032
CD138
7
2,663
4,612
7,985
11
22,340
Ceramic
CD3
8
2,915
3,755
2,241
2,324
8,980
CD20
8
533
1,165
1,212
340
3,283
CD68
8
519
529
25...
Gambar 4. Plot tumpuk (stacked plot) menunjukkan respon kekebalan spesifik pasien. Sebaran persentase sel diwarnai dengan CD3, CD20, CD68, dan CD138 untuk setiap pasien (pasien 1 sampai 15)
Figure 4. Stacked plot demonstrated a patient‐specific immune response. Percentage distribution of cells stained with CD3, CD20, CD68, and CD138 for each patient (patients 1 to 15)
Figure 3. Biopsies derived from tissue around ceramic and titanium implants demonstrated the same numerical distribution of cell population (CD3, CD20, CD68, CD138). Cell count of each antibody in peri‐implantitis around ceramic (blue) and titanium (green) implants
Figure 2. Biopsies retrieved from peri‐implantitis tissue around titanium and ceramic implants.
Figure 2. Biopsies retrieved from peri‐implantitis tissue around titanium and ceramic implants. Staining was performed using hematoxylin and immunostaining against CD3, CD20, CD68, and CD138. Magnification ×5 and ×40, respectively.
Figure 1. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in 20 randomly selected ROIs (Region of Interests).
Figure 1. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in 20 randomly selected ROIs (Region of Interests). The ROIs comprised a size of 500 × 800 µm at magnification of ×15.5. Pictures of the ROIs were taken and positive cells in the ROIs were counted using ImageJ. The results were evaluated by...
Furthermore, the host‐response and interaction between lymphocyte‐ and monocyte‐macrophage lineage as well as the influence of nano‐ and microparticles on the microbial biofilm and cytokine release in peri‐implant inflammation is not elucidated and future studies could shed more light on the etiological discussion.
Within this study, the first histological comparison of human peri‐imp...
Since variations regarding cell‐type distribution on the patient level were detected, the present results may suggest an immune response associated with patient‐specific parameters like implant biofilm/oral microbiome composition, different implant surface characteristics, different anatomical features like bone quality and soft tissue condition, different and/or combined etiology pathways and...
The cellular composition of tissue with peri‐implantitis around zirconia‐based implants has never been explored before. The specific interaction of inflammatory cells in tissue with peri‐implantitis and their impact on peri‐implant osseous breakdown with regard to the implant material is still unknown. The present pilot study demonstrated that there is a similar histological appearance of ...
Biopsies of the peri‐implant tissue were retrieved from 15 patients (aged 34 to 88 years, six males/nine females) with severe peri‐implantitis (eight ceramic implants, seven titanium implants) (see Table S1 in online Journal of Periodontology). The presence of macrophages, B‐Lymphocytes, T‐Lymphocytes, and plasma cells was identified in all samples. Micrographs illustratin...
2.4 Immunohistochemical analysis
Sections were de‐waxed and incubated in DIVA antigen retrieval solution at 60°C overnight. The sections were incubated with a primary antibody for 30 minutes followed by incubation with Envision HRP labeled polymer for 30 minutes. Positive cells were detected using DAB substrate. The chosen antibodies were CD3 1:200 (T‐l...
The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany (Ethik‐Kommission Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität, Freiburg) No 337/04. This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013 and with EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) guidelines. Before en...
Oral implants enlarge the treatment options to replace missing teeth and have been proven to be successful as shown in systematic reviews with long‐term follow‐up. Although survival rates appear convincing, peri‐implantitis around dental implants is a challenge in daily practice, with a prevalence around 20%. The prevalence rate of peri‐implantitis is highly variable and seems to be affec...
Background
Aim of the pilot study was the histologic classification of the inflamed peri‐implant soft tissue around ceramic implants (CI) in comparison with titanium implants (TI).
Methods
Peri‐implant tissue were retrieved from 15 patients (aged 34 to 88 years, seven males/eight females) with severe peri‐implantitis (eight CI, seven TI). The peri‐implant soft tissue samples were retrie...