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Figure 6. Control group. Some implant thread areas...

Figure 6. Control group. Some implant thread areas were not covered by bone layer (magnification × 25—toluidine blue) Figure 6. Control group. Some implant thread areas were not covered by bone layer (magnification × 25—toluidine blue)

Figure 5. Control group. Implants belonging to the...

Figure 5. Control group. Implants belonging to the control group showed some small surface areas not contacted with bone (magnification × 25—toluidine blue) Figure 5. Control group. Implants belonging to the control group showed some small surface areas not contacted with bone (magnification × 25—toluidine blue)

Figure 4. Control group. No bone condensation was ...

Figure 4. Control group. No bone condensation was possible with traditional burs and standard implant (magnification × 25—toluidine blue) Figure 4. Control group. No bone condensation was possible with traditional burs and standard implant (magnification × 25—toluidine blue)

Figure 3. Test group. The present histological pho...

Figure 3. Test group. The present histological photo showed a continuous thin layer of newly formed bone along the neck area of the implant (magnification × 25—toluidine blue) Figure 3. Test group. The present histological photo showed a continuous thin layer of newly formed bone along the neck area of the implant (magnification × 25—toluidine blue)

Figure 2. Test group. Implants in the test group s...

Figure 2. Test group. Implants in the test group showed an extremely high percentage of bone directly contacted to implant surface (magnification × 25—toluidine blue) Figure 2. Test group. Implants in the test group showed an extremely high percentage of bone directly contacted to implant surface (magnification × 25—toluidine blue)

Figure 1. Test group. The implant achieved a high ...

Figure 1. Test group. The implant achieved a high osseointegration degree. The newly formed bone appeared well interconnected with the pre-existing trabeculae. The “corticalization” phenomenon is evident: the bone appears densified around a titanium implant (magnification × 8—toluidine blue) Figure 1. Test group. The implant achieved a high osseointegration degree. The newly formed b...

Table 3 Statistical comparison (T test) of examine...

BIC%P < 0.05BV%P < 0.05VamP < 0.05Reverse torqueP > 0.05 NsISQP < 0.05Table 3 Statistical comparison (T test) of examined parameters between the test and control groups. The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated significant differences in BIC% and %BV values between the two implant groups

Table 2 Mean values of histomorphometric parameter...

Implant typeBIC%BV%Vam (μm) ± SDReverse torque (N/cm) ± SDISQ value ± SDTest group70.91 ± 7.9541.83 ± 6.3082.6 ± 23.2798.2 ± 16.8163.5 ± 1.30Control group49.33 ± 10.7329.61 ± 5.0560.5 ± 16.5898.8 ± 24.4059.4 ± 1.39Table 2 Mean values of histomorphometric parameters (%BIC and %BV) and biomechanical values (VAM, reverse torque, and ISQ) of each implant group

Table 1 Basal bone volume percentage (basal %BV) w...

Basal %BV 26.17 ± 2.35Test groupControl group 41.83 ± 6.30*29.61 ± 5.05Table 1 Basal bone volume percentage (basal %BV) was compared to %BV around implants after 2 months of healing in both groups. %BV in the test group was significantly higher than basal %BV (P < 0.05)

About this article : Single-drill implant induces ...

Trisi, P., Falco, A. & Berardini, M. Single-drill implant induces bone corticalization during submerged healing: an in vivo pilot study. Int J Implant Dent 6, 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0198-y Download citation Received: 30 August 2019 Accepted: 04 December 2019 Published: 15 January 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0198-y

Rights and permissions : Single-drill implant indu...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Single-drill implant indu...

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Ethics declarations : Single-drill implant induces...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol with the protocol number 8110. The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol with the protocol number 8110. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author information : Single-drill implant induces ...

Biomaterial Clinical and Histological Research Association, Private Practice, Via Galilei 8, 65122, Pescara, Italy Paolo Trisi, Antonello Falco & Marco Berardini You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar PT contributed to the study design, animal s...

Funding : Single-drill implant induces bone cortic...

No grants were received for the present study.

Acknowledgements : Single-drill implant induces bo...

The authors wish to thank Cortex® Dental Implants (Shlomi, Israel) and NoDrill® (Milano, Italy) for providing the implants used in the present study.

References : Single-drill implant induces bone cor...

Gehrke SA, Bettach R, Aramburú Júnior JS, Prados-Frutos JC, Del Fabbro M, Shibli JA. Peri-Implant Bone Behavior after Single Drill versus Multiple Sequence for Osteotomy Drill. Biomed Res Int. 2018;11:2018. Möhlhenrich SC, Abouridouane M, Heussen N, Hölzle F, Klocke F, Modabber A. Thermal evaluation by infrared measurement of implant site preparation between single and gradual drilling in art...

References : Single-drill implant induces bone cor...

Summers RB. A new concept in maxillary implant surgery: the osteotome technique. Compendium. 1994;15:152–6. Büchter A, Kleinheinz J, Wiesmann HP, et al. Biological and biomechanical evaluation of bone remodelling and implant stability after using an osteotome technique. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005;16:1–8. Stavropoulos A, Nyengaard JR, Lang NP, et al. Immediate loading of single SLA implant...

References : Single-drill implant induces bone cor...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, et al. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(2):155–70. Molly L. Bone density and primary stability in implant therapy. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006;2:124–35. Chong L, Khocht A, Suzuki JB, et al. Effect of implant design on initial stability of ...

Availability of data and materials : Single-drill ...

All data and materials are available from the corresponding author in Pescara, Italy.

Conclusions : Single-drill implant induces bone co...

The hypothesis was accepted. Compressing implants with single-drill bone preparation demonstrated many clinical and histological advantages with respect with to standard implant drilling procedures and classical implant shape and design in low-density bone type. It is possible to summarize the advantages of this technique as follows: higher bone to implant contact percentage than the control group...

Discussion : Single-drill implant induces bone cor...

The comparison between the basal %BV and %BV in the test group revealed that these innovative implants were able to increase in a significant way the peri-implant bone density with respect to starting host bone density. This increased peri-implant bone density extended from about 0.5–0.7 mm beyond the implant perimeter causing an osseocorticalization around the fixture profile. A recent study [...

Discussion : Single-drill implant induces bone cor...

Results from the present study clearly show that it is possible to insert an implant using a one-step concept for the surgical preparation of the bone bed in cancellous bone. Guazzi et al. [24], comparing the clinical outcome of implants inserted in sites prepared with a simplified protocol consisting of one large single drill versus multiple conventional drilling steps, demonstrated less surgica...

Results : Single-drill implant induces bone cortic...

No implant failure was observed after 2 months of healing. The clinical examination, done immediately after the bone block retrieval, showed no crestal bone resorption. No bone defects around implants, such as fenestration or dehiscence, were detected. The host bone density expressed in bone volume percentage (basal %BV) was 26.17 ± 2.35. This low value of BV% is common in soft bone, according to...

Materials and methods : Single-drill implant induc...

Specimens were immediately fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histologic analysis. After dehydration, samples were infiltrated with a methyl-methacrylate resin from a starting solution 50% ethanol/resin and subsequently 100% resin, with each step lasting 24 h. After polymerization, the blocks were sectioned and then ground down to about 40 μm. Toluidine blue staining was use...

Materials and methods : Single-drill implant induc...

After implant insertion, cover screws were secured and the surgical wounds were closed by a resorbable periosteal-muscular inner suture, followed by an external cutaneous 2-0 silk suture. Each animal underwent systemic antibiotic therapy for 5 days with 8 ml long-acting Clamoxil (Pfizer Limited, Sandwich, USA). After surgery, animals received appropriate veterinary care and were allowed free acce...

Materials and methods : Single-drill implant induc...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol, which followed the guidelines established by the European Union Council Directive of February 2013 (R.D.53/2013). Two female sheep, 4–5 years old, were included in the study. Clinical examination determined that all animals were in good general health. Exclu...

Introduction : Single-drill implant induces bone c...

The aim of the present paper is to evaluate a reduced implant site preparation technique to preserve bone bulk and enhance primary stability using a new conical self-tapping implant in cancellous type IV bone. A histologic, histomorphometric, and biomechanical comparative analysis was conducted in low-density bone of the sheep’s iliac crest. The hypothesis to test is if undersized preparation an...

Introduction : Single-drill implant induces bone c...

It is well documented that implant initial bone fixation, known as primary implant stability, represents the pre-requisite to achieve a successful long-term osseointegration [1]. Many studies demonstrated that the implant primary stability is strictly influenced by host bone density [2], fixture geometry [3, 4], and surgical technique used for preparing bone implant bed [5]. Other studies [6, 7] ...

Abstract : Single-drill implant induces bone corti...

The aim of the present paper is to evaluate a simplified implant site preparation technique to preserve bone bulk and enhance osseointegration using a new conical self-tapping implant in cancellous bone. Ten Expander® 3.8 × 10 mm implants (NoDrill®, Milano, Italy) were inserted in the right side (test group) of sheep’s iliac crest using only the pilot drill 1.8 mm in diameter. Ten 3.8 × 10 ...

Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification...

Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 30 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant (group A). Right side: laser-treated implant Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 30 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant ...

Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification...

Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 15 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant (group A). Right side: laser-treated implant Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 15 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant ...

Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement...

Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement in sheep iliac crest (left side). All implant groups were inserted in the same bone host Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement in sheep iliac crest (left side). All implant groups were inserted in the same bone host

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group C implant surface Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group C implant surface

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group B implant surface Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group B implant surface

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group A implant surface Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group A implant surface

Table 3 Mean BIC% value of each group after 30 d...

Group BIC% (mean ± SD) A 50.31 ± 13.44 B 56.53 ± 13.62 C 20.54 ± 11.06   Table 3 Mean BIC% value of each group after 30 days of healing

Table 2 Mean BIC% value of each group after 15 d...

Group BIC% (mean ± SD) A 39.08 ± 15.85 B 37.35 ± 15.76 C 25.28 ± 8.97   Table 2 Mean BIC% value of each group after 15 days of healing

Table 1 Implants details of both groups: screw pit...

 Group A implantsGroup B implantsGroup C implantsScrew pitch1.25 mm0.6 mm0.6 mmSmooth neck2.8 mm0.25 mm0.25 mmSurface treatmentLarge grit-blasted and acid-etched SLA surface, processed to a high degree of hydrophilicity (SLActive®)Laser surface characterized by a series of 20 μm diameter holes (7–10 μm deep) every 10 μm (Syntegra®)Machined surfaceSurface roughness (Ra)1.5...

About this article : Comparative evaluation among ...

De Tullio, I., Berardini, M., Di Iorio, D. et al. Comparative evaluation among laser-treated, machined, and sandblasted/acid-etched implant surfaces: an in vivo histologic analysis on sheep. Int J Implant Dent 6, 7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0204-4 Download citation Received: 30 August 2019 Accepted: 24 December 2019 Published: 19 February 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40...

Rights and permissions : Comparative evaluation am...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Comparative evaluation am...

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ethics declarations : Comparative evaluation among...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol, according to the guidelines established by the European Union Council Directive of February 2013 (R.D.53/2013) (protocol number 3809). The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the st...

Author information : Comparative evaluation among ...

Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy I. De Tullio, F. Perfetti & G. Perfetti Pescara, Italy M. Berardini Foggia, Italy D. Di Iorio You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You c...

Funding : Comparative evaluation among laser-treat...

No grants were received for the present study.

Acknowledgements : Comparative evaluation among la...

The authors wish to thank the company Geass s.r.l. for providing implants used in the present study.

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Piattelli A, Manzon L, Scarano A, Paolantonio M, Piattelli M. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis of the bone response to machined and sandblasted titanium implants: an experimental study in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:805–10. Lee JT, Cho SA. Biomechanical evaluation of laser-etched Ti implant surfaces vs. chemically modified SLA Ti implant surfaces: Removal torque an...

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Gaggl A, Schultes G, Muller WD, Karcher H. Scanning electron microscopical analysis of laser-treated titanium implant surfaces. A comparative study. Biomaterials. 2000;21(10):1067–73. Bonsignore LA, Colbrunn RW, Tatro JM, Messerschmitt PJ, Hernandez CJ, Goldberg VM, Stewart MC, Greenfield EM. Surface contaminants inhibit osseointegration in a novel murine model. Bone. 2011;49(5):923–30. Peng...

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(2):155–70. Puleo DA, Nanci A. Understanding and controlling the bone-implant interface. Biomaterials. 1999;20(23-24):2311–21. Huang MS, Chen LK, Ou KL, et al. Rapid osseointegration of titanium...

Availability of data and materials : Comparative e...

All data and materials are available at University Chieti-Pescara, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Conclusions : Comparative evaluation among laser-t...

Results from the present in vivo analysis revealed that both sandblasted and acid-etched titanium implants and laser-treated titanium implants, compared to the machined ones, have higher values of osseointegration in less healing time. Indeed, both groups A and B at 15 days had higher values of the BIC% if compared to group C and were able to significantly increase their BIC% in the passage fro...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Data showed by the present study suggest that laser and sandblasted and acid-etched surface treatments could enhance the osteogenic bone formation by “contact,” already observed by other authors [20, 21]. Another interesting emerging datum is the observation of BIC% changes between 15 and 30 days: it is possible to assume that between the fifteenth and the thirtieth day, most part of the pe...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

In the present study, the iliac crest of the sheep was chosen as a model because the site is characterized by a cancellous bone rich in marrow spaces, similar for quality to D4 density. This bone model appears superimposable to postero-lateral sectors of the human upper jaw that often represents a hard challenge for implant osseointegration due to low bone density. Bone quality, in fact, is a key...

Results : Comparative evaluation among laser-treat...

All implants resulted clinically integrated and stable into the bone tissue. No signs of tissue inflammation or infection were detected. At low magnification, all the samples appeared surrounded by new tissue. The distinction between native tissue and newly formed bone was not clear, likely due to the fact that the latter is still in an initial forming phase. In the machined samples (group C) bon...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

Measurement of the total length of the left half of the fixture; Measurement of the contact area between bone and implant in the left half of the fixture; Measurement of the total length of the right half of the fixture; and Measurement of the contact area between bone and implant in the right half of the fixture. Afterwards, the sum of parameters A and C represented the total length of the wh...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

Implant drilling procedures were carried out using the drill sequence recommended by the manufacturer. The drill speed was set at 700 rpm under continuous sterile saline solution irrigation (stored at + 4 °C). Implants were inserted with an insertion torque peak between 28 and 34 Ncm. Each animal received three implants of each group. The suture of deep muscle planes was performed with poly...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol, which followed guidelines established by the European Union Council Directive of February 2013 (R.D.53/2013). A total of 36 implants were used in the present study. Implants had different macro-geometries and surfaces and they were divided into three groups of...

Introduction : Comparative evaluation among laser-...

In addition, some animal studies [15, 16] found an increased removal torque in laser processed implants compared to machined surface implants inserted. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the osseointegration process, in terms of bone to implant contact percentage (BIC%), of three different implants surface (machined, sandblasted and acid-etched, and laser-treated) both after 15 and 30...

Introduction : Comparative evaluation among laser-...

Dental implant surfaces represent one of the key factors that could influence the osseointegration processes [1]. Puleo et al. [2] confirmed that the surface topography, as well as the chemical nature and the implant macro and micro geometry, is involved in creating a clinical and histological efficient bone-implant interface. It was demonstrated that different superficial treatments could affect ...

Abstract : Comparative evaluation among laser-trea...

The aim of the present in vivo analysis was to evaluate the osseointegration process of titanium implants with three different surfaces (machined, sandblasted and acid-etched, and laser-treated) after 15 and 30 days of healing period. Thirty-six implants with different surfaces were placed in the iliac crest of four Bergamasca sheep. The implant surfaces tested were sandblasted and acid-etched ...

Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification...

Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 30 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant (group A). Right side: laser-treated implant Fig. 6. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 30 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant ...

Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification...

Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 15 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant (group A). Right side: laser-treated implant Fig. 5. Optic microscope photo (× 9 magnification) after 15 days of implantation. Left side: machined implant (group C). Central photo: sandblasted and acid-etched implant ...

Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement...

Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement in sheep iliac crest (left side). All implant groups were inserted in the same bone host Fig. 4. Exemplificative photo of implant placement in sheep iliac crest (left side). All implant groups were inserted in the same bone host

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group C implant surface Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group C implant surface

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group B implant surface Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group B implant surface

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of gr...

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group A implant surface Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy picture of group A implant surface

Table 3 Mean BIC% value of each group after 30 d...

GroupBIC% (mean ± SD)A50.31 ± 13.44B56.53 ± 13.62C20.54 ± 11.06Table 3 Mean BIC% value of each group after 30 days of healing

Table 2 Mean BIC% value of each group after 15 d...

Group BIC% (mean ± SD) A 39.08 ± 15.85 B 37.35 ± 15.76 C 25.28 ± 8.97   Table 2 Mean BIC% value of each group after 15 days of healing

Table 1 Implants details of both groups: screw pit...

 Group A implantsGroup B implantsGroup C implantsScrew pitch1.25 mm0.6 mm0.6 mmSmooth neck2.8 mm0.25 mm0.25 mmSurface treatmentLarge grit-blasted and acid-etched SLA surface, processed to a high degree of hydrophilicity (SLActive®)Laser surface characterized by a series of 20 μm diameter holes (7–10 μm deep) every 10 μm (Syntegra®)Machined surfaceSurface roughness (Ra)1.5...

About this article : Comparative evaluation among ...

De Tullio, I., Berardini, M., Di Iorio, D. et al. Comparative evaluation among laser-treated, machined, and sandblasted/acid-etched implant surfaces: an in vivo histologic analysis on sheep. Int J Implant Dent 6, 7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0204-4 Download citation Received: 30 August 2019 Accepted: 24 December 2019 Published: 19 February 2020 DOI: https:...

Rights and permissions : Comparative evaluation am...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Comparative evaluation am...

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ethics declarations : Comparative evaluation among...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol, according to the guidelines established by the European Union Council Directive of February 2013 (R.D.53/2013) (protocol number 3809). The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the st...

Author information : Comparative evaluation among ...

Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy I. De Tullio, F. Perfetti & G. Perfetti Pescara, Italy M. Berardini Foggia, Italy D. Di Iorio You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You c...

Funding : Comparative evaluation among laser-treat...

No grants were received for the present study.

Acknowledgements : Comparative evaluation among la...

The authors wish to thank the company Geass s.r.l. for providing implants used in the present study.

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Piattelli A, Manzon L, Scarano A, Paolantonio M, Piattelli M. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis of the bone response to machined and sandblasted titanium implants: an experimental study in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:805–10. Lee JT, Cho SA. Biomechanical evaluation of laser-etched Ti implant surfaces vs. chemically modified SLA Ti implant surfaces: Removal torque an...

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Gaggl A, Schultes G, Muller WD, Karcher H. Scanning electron microscopical analysis of laser-treated titanium implant surfaces. A comparative study. Biomaterials. 2000;21(10):1067–73. Bonsignore LA, Colbrunn RW, Tatro JM, Messerschmitt PJ, Hernandez CJ, Goldberg VM, Stewart MC, Greenfield EM. Surface contaminants inhibit osseointegration in a novel murine model. Bone. 2011;49(5):923–30. Peng...

References : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(2):155–70. Puleo DA, Nanci A. Understanding and controlling the bone-implant interface. Biomaterials. 1999;20(23-24):2311–21. Huang MS, Chen LK, Ou KL, et al. Rapid osseointegration of titanium...

Availability of data and materials : Comparative e...

All data and materials are available at University Chieti-Pescara, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Conclusions : Comparative evaluation among laser-t...

Results from the present in vivo analysis revealed that both sandblasted and acid-etched titanium implants and laser-treated titanium implants, compared to the machined ones, have higher values of osseointegration in less healing time. Indeed, both groups A and B at 15 days had higher values of the BIC% if compared to group C and were able to significantly increase their BIC% in the passage fro...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

Data showed by the present study suggest that laser and sandblasted and acid-etched surface treatments could enhance the osteogenic bone formation by “contact,” already observed by other authors [20, 21]. Another interesting emerging datum is the observation of BIC% changes between 15 and 30 days: it is possible to assume that between the fifteenth and the thirtieth day, most part of the pe...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation among laser-tr...

In the present study, the iliac crest of the sheep was chosen as a model because the site is characterized by a cancellous bone rich in marrow spaces, similar for quality to D4 density. This bone model appears superimposable to postero-lateral sectors of the human upper jaw that often represents a hard challenge for implant osseointegration due to low bone density. Bone quality, in fact, is a key...

Results : Comparative evaluation among laser-treat...

All implants resulted clinically integrated and stable into the bone tissue. No signs of tissue inflammation or infection were detected. At low magnification, all the samples appeared surrounded by new tissue. The distinction between native tissue and newly formed bone was not clear, likely due to the fact that the latter is still in an initial forming phase. In the machined samples (group C) bon...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

Measurement of the total length of the left half of the fixture; Measurement of the contact area between bone and implant in the left half of the fixture; Measurement of the total length of the right half of the fixture; and Measurement of the contact area between bone and implant in the right half of the fixture. Afterwards, the sum of parameters A and C represented the total length of the wh...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

Implant drilling procedures were carried out using the drill sequence recommended by the manufacturer. The drill speed was set at 700 rpm under continuous sterile saline solution irrigation (stored at + 4 °C). Implants were inserted with an insertion torque peak between 28 and 34 Ncm. Each animal received three implants of each group. The suture of deep muscle planes was performed with poly...

Materials and methods : Comparative evaluation amo...

The Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Veterinary School of the University of Teramo (Teramo, Italy) approved the study protocol, which followed guidelines established by the European Union Council Directive of February 2013 (R.D.53/2013). A total of 36 implants were used in the present study. Implants had different macro-geometries and surfaces and they were divided into three groups of...

Introduction : Comparative evaluation among laser-...

In addition, some animal studies [15, 16] found an increased removal torque in laser processed implants compared to machined surface implants inserted. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the osseointegration process, in terms of bone to implant contact percentage (BIC%), of three different implants surface (machined, sandblasted and acid-etched, and laser-treated) both after 15 and 30...

Introduction : Comparative evaluation among laser-...

Dental implant surfaces represent one of the key factors that could influence the osseointegration processes [1]. Puleo et al. [2] confirmed that the surface topography, as well as the chemical nature and the implant macro and micro geometry, is involved in creating a clinical and histological efficient bone-implant interface. It was demonstrated that different superficial treatments could affect ...

Abstract : Comparative evaluation among laser-trea...

The aim of the present in vivo analysis was to evaluate the osseointegration process of titanium implants with three different surfaces (machined, sandblasted and acid-etched, and laser-treated) after 15 and 30 days of healing period. Thirty-six implants with different surfaces were placed in the iliac crest of four Bergamasca sheep. The implant surfaces tested were sandblasted and acid-etched ...

Figure 2. Summary of biological processes identifi...

Figure 2. poietic stem cells; MP, macrophages; OC, osteoclasts. Figure 2. Summary of biological processes identified via gene expression during early peri-implant bone healing. CKs, cytokines; GFs, growth factors; EPC, endothelial progenitor cells; EC, endothelial cells; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; OB, osteoblasts; ECM, extracellular matrix; HSC, haematopoietic stem cells; MP, macrophages; O...

Figure 1. Flowchart for study selection (n  ...

Figure 1. Flowchart for study selection ( Figure 1. Flowchart for study selection ( n  = number of studies).

Table 4 Summary of biolo...

Process Upregulated genes Category (gene code) Inflammation/immune response   Pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a, TNFSF9) Interleukin (IL-6, IL-2, IL-1 F9, IL-23A, ...

Table 3 Summary of findi...

Study Ivanovski et al. [ 34 ] Donos et al. [ 35 ] Bryington et al. [ 36 ] Thalji et al. [ 37 ] Design 9 patients; 9 implants placed 18 patients; 18 implants placed 10 patients;...

Table 2 Assessment of ri...

Category Ivanovski et al. [ 34 ] Donos et al. 2011 [ 35 ] Bryington et al. [ 36 ] Thalji et al. [ 37 ] Study design   Comparison None (only SLActive) SLA vs. SLActive TiOBlast vs. Osseospeed TiOBlast vs. Osseospeed   Setting University University University University   Population, inclusion criteria 9 healthy volunteers with no mandibular thi...

Table 1 Assessment of th...

Methodology Ivanovski et al. [ 34 ] Donos et al. [ 35 ] Bryington et al. [ 36 ] Thalji et al. [ 37 ] Tissue harvesting Tissue attached to implant carefully removed with a curette, preexisting hard tissue discarded Tissue attached to ...

About this article : Genomic analyses of early per...

Shanbhag, S., Shanbhag, V. & Stavropoulos, A. Genomic analyses of early peri-implant bone healing in humans: a systematic review. Int J Implant Dent 1, 5 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-015-0006-2 Download citation Received: 14 November 2014 Accepted: 27 January 2015 Published: 01 March 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-015-0006-2

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Additional information : Genomic analyses of early...

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. SS conceived and carried out the study and drafted the manuscript. VS and AS participated in carrying out the study and drafting the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Author information : Genomic analyses of early per...

Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Carl Gustafs väg 34, 214 21, Malmö, Sweden Siddharth Shanbhag & Andreas Stavropoulos Centre for Oral Rehabilitation & Implant Dentistry, 1 Laxmi Niwas, 87 Bajaj Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India Siddharth Shanbhag & Vivek Shanbhag You can also search for this author in PubMed Goog...

References : Genomic analyses of early peri-implan...

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References : Genomic analyses of early peri-implan...

Donos N, Retzepi M, Wall I, Hamlet S, Ivanovski S. In vivo gene expression profile of guided bone regeneration associated with a microrough titanium surface. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(4):390–8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02105.x. Skaper SD. The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;846:1–12. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_1. Vaillant AR, Mazz...

References : Genomic analyses of early peri-implan...

Nucera S, Biziato D, De Palma M. The interplay between macrophages and angiogenesis in development, tissue injury and regeneration. Int J Dev Biol. 2011;55(4–5):495–503. doi:10.1387/ijdb.103227sn. Ziebart T, Schnell A, Walter C, Kämmerer PW, Pabst A, Lehmann KM, et al. Interactions between endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and titanium implant surfaces. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(1):301–...

References : Genomic analyses of early peri-implan...

Rocci M, Rocci A, Martignoni M, Albrektsson T, Barlattani A, Gargari M. Comparing the TiOblast and Osseospeed surfaces. Histomorphometric and histological analysis in humans. Oral Implantol (Rome). 2008;1(1):34–42. Qin C, Baba O, Butler WT. Post-translational modifications of sibling proteins and their roles in osteogenesis and dentinogenesis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15(3):126–36. Vlaci...

References : Genomic analyses of early peri-implan...

Chehroudi B, Ghrebi S, Murakami H, Waterfield JD, Owen G, Brunette DM. Bone formation on rough, but not polished, subcutaneously implanted Ti surfaces is preceded by macrophage accumulation. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010;93(2):724–37. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.32587. Heng BC, Cao T, Stanton LW, Robson P, Olsen B. Strategies for directing the differentiation of stem cells into the osteogenic lineage in vit...

References : Genomic analyses of early peri-implan...

Nishimura I. Genetic networks in osseointegration. J Dent Res. 2013;92(12 Suppl):109S–18. doi:10.1177/0022034513504928. Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org; 2011. Tarca AL, Romero R, Draghici S. Analysis of microarray experiments of...

References : Genomic analyses of early peri-implan...

Lin Z, Rios HF, Volk SL, Sugai JV, Jin Q, Giannobile WV. Gene expression dynamics during bone healing and osseointegration. J Periodontol. 2011;82(7):1007–17. doi:10.1902/jop.2010.100577. Ai-Aql ZS, Alagl AS, Graves DT, Gerstenfeld LC, Einhorn TA. Molecular mechanisms controlling bone formation during fracture healing and distraction osteogenesis. J Dent Res. 2008;87(2):107–18. Albrektsson T...

References : Genomic analyses of early peri-implan...

Setzer FC, Kim S. Comparison of long-term survival of implants and endodontically treated teeth. J Dent Res. 2014;93(1):19–26. doi:10.1177/0022034513504782. Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(2):155–70. Berglundh T, Abrahamsson ...

Conclusions : Genomic analyses of early peri-impla...

Based on limited evidence of gene expression data from four studies involving 43 patients, the following remarks can be made: Early peri-implant healing (2 weeks) involves a sequence of biological events which are similar to those observed in other bone wound healing scenarios (fractures, extraction-sockets). Osseointegration depends on osteogenesis at the implant interface, but other simultane...

Results and discussion : Genomic analyses of early...

It can be hypothesized that peri-implant neurogenesis is one of the underlying mechanisms governing the phenomenon of osseoperception, defined as the tactile sensibility of osseointegrated implants to occlusal forces induced via activation of nerve endings and/or receptors in the peri-implant environment [82,83]. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that implant surface properties may influence the ...

Results and discussion : Genomic analyses of early...

In the present review, a significant simultaneous upregulation of several angiogenesis-related genes was identified at day 7 in all included studies. Pro-angiogenic factors (ANXA2, EPAS-1) were upregulated at TiOBlast and Osseospeed surfaces at day 7 [37]. Genes associated with VEGF and P13K-AKT signaling pathways were upregulated at SLActive (but not SLA) surfaces on day 7 and continued to be upr...

Results and discussion : Genomic analyses of early...

Furthermore, genes associated with collagen fibril formation/organization (heat-shock protein-47 (HSP-47), pro-collagen C-endopeptidase enhancer (PCOLCE), small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP)) and post-translational modification (pro-collagen lysyl-hydroxylases (PLOD1, PLOD2, PLOD3) and lysyl-oxidase (LOX)) were upregulated on Osseospeed and TiOBlast surfaces [37]. Collagen comprises approximat...

Results and discussion : Genomic analyses of early...

The key signaling pathways, via which GFs guide osteogenic cell differentiation, are the TGF-β/BMP- and Wnt-mediated pathways [19,47]. While the BMP pathway ensures differentiation of MSCs into osteo-chondro-progenitors (OCPs), the Wnt pathway is essential for subsequent osteoblastic commitment, i.e., Wnt acts ‘downstream’ of BMP to ensure that OCPs differentiate into osteoblasts and not chon...

Results and discussion : Genomic analyses of early...

Cells along the osteogenic differentiation pathway may be artificially categorized as (1) undifferentiated MSCs, (2) osteo-chondro-progenitor cells, (3) pre-osteoblasts, and (4) osteoblasts; although in reality, a developmental continuum without distinct boundaries may exist [43]. While pre-differentiated osteoblasts in the marrow compartment only play a minor role in bone wound healing, a more pr...

Results and discussion : Genomic analyses of early...

Thus, high risk of bias should be considered when interpreting the results, due to the above methodological limitations and the overall limited information (four studies) available. Conventional implant surgery involves osteotomy preparation and insertion of the implant into the alveolar bone. The immediate local effects of this procedure, functionally relevant to subsequent healing processes, ar...

Results and discussion : Genomic analyses of early...

The included studies basically report on commercially available implants from two major manufacturers and involve comparisons of different implant surface technologies in regard with topography and/or chemistry modifications within each implant system. Various analyses were performed in the included studies; however, an attempt has been made to synthesize the various findings and discuss them here...

Methods : Genomic analyses of early peri-implant b...

Both reviewers independently extracted data from the full texts of included articles using specially designed forms. Data on author(s), study design, implant type/surface, any additional procedures performed, number of patients (in each group), presence of a control group, procedure and time of implant retrieval, methods of gene expression analysis, and main results, were extracted. Descriptive su...

Methods : Genomic analyses of early peri-implant b...

A study protocol for a systematic qualitative literature review was developed based on recommended methods [29]. The focused question was ‘what biological processes are reflected by gene expression analyses in peri-implant tissues of humans during the early stages (up to 4 weeks) of healing?’ All studies, controlled (using different implants) or uncontrolled, reporting gene expression analys...

Review : Genomic analyses of early peri-implant bo...

Recent in vitro [24] and preclinical in vivo [25] studies have focused on the early molecular biological responses to various titanium implant surfaces. Understanding these early responses is essential for efforts aiming to accelerate and enhance the process of osseointegration [26]. Upregulation or downregulation of specific genes in peri-implant tissues identified by analyses of genetic material...

Review : Genomic analyses of early peri-implant bo...

Osseointegrated oral implants are an integral part of modern reconstructive dentistry and are associated with favorable long-term therapeutic outcomes [1]. Osseointegration was originally defined as the direct contact between vital bone and a load-bearing implant observed at the light microscopic, i.e., histological, level [2]. Morphogenesis of implant osseointegration has been assessed in several...

Abstract : Genomic analyses of early peri-implant ...

The objective of the study was to systematically review the literature for studies reporting gene expression analyses (GEA) of the biological processes involved in early human peri-implant bone healing. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) were searched in duplicate. Controlled and uncontrolled studies reporting GEA of human peri-implant tissues - including ≥5 patients and ≥2 time points - ...

Table 1 Implant characteristics—insertion region...

Patient Implant region (FDI) Implant parameters Dimensions of implant Diameter [mm]/length [mm] ...

About this article : Vitamin D deficiency in early...

Fretwurst, T., Grunert, S., Woelber, J.P. et al. Vitamin D deficiency in early implant failure: two case reports. Int J Implant Dent 2, 24 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0056-0 Download citation Received: 04 August 2016 Accepted: 16 November 2016 Published: 25 November 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0056-0

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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Vitamin D deficiency in early...

Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany Tobias Fretwurst, Sebastian Grunert, Katja Nelson & Wiebke Semper-Hogg Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA Tobias Fretwurst Department of Operative Dentistr...

Acknowledgements : Vitamin D deficiency in early i...

We would like to thank Dr. John Nelson for his resourceful and constructive ideas. The authors Tobias Fretwurst, Sebastian Grunert, Johan Woelber, Katja Nelson, and Wiebke Semper-Hogg declare no conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The authors Tobias Fretwurst, Sebastian Grunert, Johan Woelber, Katja Nelson, and Wiebke Semper-Hogg do...

References : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

Di Rosa M, Malaguarnera M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L. Vitamin D3: a helpful immuno-modulator. Immunology. 2011;134(2):123–39. Download references

References : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

Kikuta J, Kawamura S, Okiji F, Shirazaki M, Sakai S, Saito H, Ishii M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate-mediated osteoclast precursor monocyte migration is a critical point of control in antibone-resorptive action of active vitamin D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(17):7009–13. Hewison M, Freeman L, Hughes SV, Evans KN, Bland R, Eliopoulos AG, Kilby MD, Moss PA, Chakraverty R. Differential regulatio...

References : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

Hong HH, Chou TA, Yang JC, Chang CJ. The potential effects of cholecalciferol on bone regeneration in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(10):1187–92. Hong HH, Yen TH, Hong A, Chou TA. Association of vitamin D3 with alveolar bone regeneration in dogs. J Cell Mol Med. 2015;19(6):1208–17. Schulze-Späte U, Dietrich T, Wu C, Wang K, Hasturk H, Dibart S. Systemic vitamin D supplementation and ...

References : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

Gallagher JC, Sai AJ. Vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency, and bone health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(6):2630–3. Ning Z, Song S, Miao L, Zhang P, Wang X, Liu J, Hu Y, Xu Y, Zhao T, Liang Y, Wang Q, Liu L, Zhang J, Hu L, Huo M, Zhou Q. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in urban health checkup population. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(4):859–63. Spiro A, Buttriss JL. Vitamin D: an overview o...

References : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

Maier GS, Horas K, Seeger JB, Roth KE, Kurth AA, Maus U. Is there an association between periprosthetic joint infection and low vitamin D levels? Int Orthop. 2014;38(7):1499–504. Alvim-Pereira F, Montes CC, Thomé G, Olandoski M, Trevilatto PC. Analysis of association of clinical aspects and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with dental implant loss. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19(8):786–...

References : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

Esposito M, Thomsen P, Ericson LE, Lekholm U. Histopathologic observations on early oral implant failures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:798–810. Olmedo-Gaya MV, Manzano-Moreno FJ, Cañaveral-Cavero E, de Dios Luna-Del Castillo J, Vallecillo-Capilla M. Risk factors associated with early implant failure: a 5-year retrospective clinical study. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115(2):150–5. Wenn...

Conclusions : Vitamin D deficiency in early implan...

To overcome the shortcomings of this case reports, prospective, multicenter, and controlled studies must follow to affirm a potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency, osteoimmunology, and the early failure of dental implants. Currently, a general recommendation for a standardized vitamin D screening in dental implantology cannot be stated due to lack of evidence.

Case presentation : Vitamin D deficiency in early ...

Nevertheless, the vitamin D deficiency prevalence in the European population indicates that a vitamin D deficiency is probably not a sole causative factor for early implant failure; otherwise, the early implant failure rate would be significantly higher. However, a synergistic effect with other factors is conceivable. Some authors stated that implant osseointegration is not simply a wound healing ...

Case presentation : Vitamin D deficiency in early ...

Local and systemic factors can affect the survival rate of dental implants [30–33]. The causes of early implant failure are not fully clarified and an association between vitamin D and dental implant osseointegration has not been investigated properly [8, 13–16]. Some recent animal studies in rodents demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D supplementation and an increased bone to implant...

Case presentation : Vitamin D deficiency in early ...

In this 51-year-old male patient, no grafting procedure was performed as vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge dimension was adequate for implant placement. The implant placement in regions 36 and 37 was performed as guided surgery (Fig. 2a, Table 1). The implant placement was uneventful and the bone appeared clinically healthy. A cortical bone profiling was performed during implant placement. ...

Case presentation : Vitamin D deficiency in early ...

The medical history of this 48-year-old male patient showed a high blood pressure; otherwise, the patient was healthy. A successfully completed periodontal therapy was done before implant therapy. The patient demonstrated stable marginal bone levels. Autologous retromolar bone grafting using local anesthesia was performed in the left mandible (see Fig. 1a). This patient received a postoperative o...

Case presentation : Vitamin D deficiency in early ...

Patients treated consecutively in one center (Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg). None of the patients showed systemic disease. Both patients did not take regular medication and were negative for alcohol, nicotine, and drug use. Bothe male patients (48 and 51 years of age) were not immunosuppressed, irradiated or received chemotherapy. Written...

Background : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

Long-term stable osseointegrated implants are the primary goal in dental implantology. Although dental implants have proven clinical reliable in the long term, the failure of implants at a very early stage of osseointegration has been described [1, 2]. The pursuit to identify the mechanisms leading to early implant failure is ongoing to date and include the following: tobacco usage, diabetes, wear...

Abstract : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant f...

An association between vitamin D deficiency and early dental implant failure is not properly verified, but its role in osteoimmunology is discussed. This article illustrates two case reports with vitamin D deficiency and early implant failure. Prior to implant placement, the first patient received crestal bone grafting with autologous material. Both patients received dental implants from different...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and posi...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomar...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive...

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC leve...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP lev...

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (co...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. T...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implan...

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relat...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) ALP level  (nM/μg protein)   Tooth (control) 175 (215) 203 (308) 148 (269) 143 (112) 266 (427) 145 (96) 181 (148) 191 (263) 107 (128)   Implant (test) 230 (238) 139 (139) 157 (293) 108 (134) 166 (434) 179 (251) 147 (...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) CF volume (μl)  Tooth (control) 0.20 (0.23) 0.26 (0.25) 0.19 (0.20) 0.19 (0.50) 0.17 (0.33) 0.18 (0.08) 0.13 (0.24) 0.23 (0.42) 0.20 (0.17)  Implant (test) 0.26 (0.30) 0.25 (0.41) 0.16 (0.21) 0.17 (0.19) 0.18 (0.33) 0.13 (0.14) ...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the...

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 ...

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relatio...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participat...

About this article : Relation between the stabilit...

Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y Download citation Received: 14 September 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 08 December 2016 DOI...

Rights and permissions : Relation between the stab...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Author information : Relation between the stabilit...

Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand Peraphan Pothacharoen Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...

Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability ...

The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209. Download references

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24. Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39. Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...

Conclusions : Relation between the stability of de...

Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1]. The primary stability comes from ...

Abstract : Relation between the stability of denta...

The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers. The study is a prospective...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and posi...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomar...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive...

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC leve...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP lev...

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (co...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. T...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implan...

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relat...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) ALP level  (nM/μg protein)   Tooth (control) 175 (215) 203 (308) 148 (269) 143 (112) 266 (427) 145 (96) 181 (148) 191 (263) 107 (128)   Implant (test) 230 (238) 139 (139) 157 (293) 108 (134) 166 (434) 179 (251) 147 (...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) CF volume (μl)  Tooth (control) 0.20 (0.23) 0.26 (0.25) 0.19 (0.20) 0.19 (0.50) 0.17 (0.33) 0.18 (0.08) 0.13 (0.24) 0.23 (0.42) 0.20 (0.17)  Implant (test) 0.26 (0.30) 0.25 (0.41) 0.16 (0.21) 0.17 (0.19) 0.18 (0.33) 0.13 (0.14) ...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the...

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 Female 46 3 2 38 Female 36 3 3 43 Female 37 3 4 64 Male 46 2 5 30 Female 47 3 6 48 Female 36 2 7 57 Male 36 3 8 28 Female 46 3 9 33 Male 46 2 10 49 Female 46 3   Table 2 Profile of patients

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relatio...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participat...

About this article : Relation between the stabilit...

Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y Download citation Received: 14 September 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 08 December 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10....

Rights and permissions : Relation between the stab...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Relation between the stabilit...

Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand Peraphan Pothacharoen Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...

Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability ...

The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209. Download references

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24. Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39. Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...

Conclusions : Relation between the stability of de...

Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1]. The primary stability comes from ...

Abstract : Relation between the stability of denta...

The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers. The study is a prospective...

Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-u...

Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown

Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic s...

Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory

Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of th...

Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view

Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic su...

Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b) Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)

Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previo...

Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment

About this article : Zirconia implants and peek re...

Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J.M., Cabaña-Muñoz, M.E., Merino, J.J. et al. Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the replacement of upper molars. Int J Implant Dent 3, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2 Download citation Received: 13 October 2016 Accepted: 22 December 2016 Published: 20 February 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2

Rights and permissions : Zirconia implants and pee...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Author information : Zirconia implants and peek re...

Periodontics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia (Spain), Murcia, Spain Arturo Sánchez-Pérez Clínica CIROM, Murcia, 30001, Spain José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz & José Joaquín Merino Clínica Odontologíca Universitaria, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/ Marqués de los Vélez s/n, Murcia, 30008, Spain Arturo Sánchez-...

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Download references

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Bormann K-H, Gellrich N-C, Kniha H, Dard M, Wieland M, Gahlert M. Biomechanical evaluation of a microstructured zirconia implant by a removal torque comparison with a standard Ti-SLA implant. Clin oral implants res. 2012;23:1210–6. Oliva J, Oliva X, Oliva JD. One-year follow-up of first consecutive 100 zirconia dental implants in humans: a comparison of 2 different rough surfaces. Int j oral ma...

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand j plast reconstr surg suppl. 1977;16:1–132. Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM. TécnicaAtraumática en Implantología. Rev esp odontoestomatológica implant. 11:30–5. Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Cabaña-Mu...

Conclusions : Zirconia implants and peek restorati...

Zirconia implants with PEEK restorations can be considered a good alternative for replacing natural teeth. Their biocompatibility and biostability make them a promising material for those patients who suffer from allergies and sensitivity to metal alloys. PEEK restorations are a valid and alternative recommendation when using zirconia implants because of their cushioning effect and elastic modulu...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

In addition to PEEK, new coatings based on PMMA or composite materials (Anaxblent®Anaxdent®, Nexco®Ivoclar®, Solidex®Shofu®, Novo.lign®Bredent®, etc.) which incorporate ceramic fillings have been developed. Due to their molecular structure, these materials have excellent density and homogeneity [24]. The micro filling integrated into the polymer matrix increases abrasion resistance, at the...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

In terms of the load-cushioning capacity of the prosthetic elements, the use of PEEK as a prosthetic structure on implants has increased in recent years [14]. PEEK is a high-density thermoplastic polymer with a linear aromatic semi-crystalline structure that has exceptional physical and chemical properties as regards toughness, hardness and elasticity. Also, its low molecular weight, combined with...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

Fifteen days after surgery, the appearance of the soft tissue was excellent, with no signs of inflammation in the mucosa. The patient mentioned the absence of bleeding and pain during the post-operation period. At the same time, we made a clinical and radiological evaluation. Three months after surgery, the stumps of the implants were carved to improve their parallelism with a special diamond dril...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years previously. Clinica...

Background : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium [1], which are still the most popular. The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials. An example of this is zirconia-based dental i...

Abstract : Zirconia implants and peek restorations...

One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties. A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record of interest with a longitudinal fracture i...

Fig. 4. Comparative illustration of mean ISQ value...

Fig. 4. Comparative illustration of mean ISQ values Fig. 4. Comparative illustration of mean ISQ values

Fig. 3. Implants were placed after application of ...

Fig. 3. Implants were placed after application of CGF membrane Fig. 3. Implants were placed after application of CGF membrane

Fig. 2. CGF membrane was applied in study group im...

Fig. 2. CGF membrane was applied in study group implant sockets Fig. 2. CGF membrane was applied in study group implant sockets

Fig. 1. CGF was obtained after centrifugation : Ev...

Fig. 1. CGF was obtained after centrifugation Fig. 1. CGF was obtained after centrifugation

Table 3 Mean ISQ value changes between study and c...

  Control group Study group Immediate–1st week −2.25 ± 1.713 1.40 ± 1.847 Immediate–4th week −2.30 ± 2.774 0.60 ± 2.798 1st Week–4th week −0.05 ± 1.572 −0.80 ± 2.215   Table 3 Mean ISQ value changes between study and control groups

Table 2 Mean ISQ values in the study and control g...

  Control group Study group Immediate 75.75 ± 5.552 78.00 ± 2.828 1st week 73.50 ± 5.226 79.40 ± 2.604 4th week 73.45 ± 5.680 78.60 ± 3.136   Table 2 Mean ISQ values in the study and control groups

Table 1 Demographic data of patients : Evaluation ...

Case no. Age Sex Group Implant number 1 20 F Study 1 2 28 M Control 3 3 35 F Study 4 4 32 F Study 4 5 60 M Control 5 6 64 F Study 5 7 52 F Study 5 8 34 M Study 1 9 45 F Control 3 10 48 F Control 2 11 42 M Control 3 12 68 F Control 4   Table 1 Demographic data of patien...

About this article : Evaluation of effectiveness o...

Pirpir, C., Yilmaz, O., Candirli, C. et al. Evaluation of effectiveness of concentrated growth factor on osseointegration. Int J Implant Dent 3, 7 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0069-3 Download citation Received: 16 December 2016 Accepted: 16 February 2017 Published: 03 March 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0069-3

Rights and permissions : Evaluation of effectivene...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Author information : Evaluation of effectiveness o...

Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Cagasan Pirpir, Onur Yilmaz, Celal Candirli & Emre Balaban You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this a...

References : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Prakash S, Thakur A. Platelet concentrates: past, present and future. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2011;10(1):45–9. Rodella LF, Favero G, Boninsegna R, Buffoli B, Labanca M, Scari G, et al. Growth factors, CD34 positive cells, and fibrin network analysis in concentrated growth factors fraction. Microsc Res Tech. 2011;74(8):772–7. Ademokun JA, Chapman C, Dunn J, Lander D, Mair K, Proctor SJ, et al...

References : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Huwiler MA, Pjetursson BE, Bosshardt DD, Salvi GE, Lang NP. Resonance frequency analysis in relation to jawbone characteristics and during early healing of implant installation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007;18(3):275–80. Kroese-Deutman HC, Vehof JW, Spauwen PH, Stoelinga PJ, Jansen JA. Orthotopic bone formation in titanium fiber mesh loaded with platelet-rich plasma and placed in segmental defe...

References : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Nurden AT, Nurden P, Sanchez M, Andia I, Anitua E. Platelets and wound healing. Front Biosci. 2008;13:3532–48. Anitua E, Sanchez M, Zalduendo MM, de la Fuente M, Prado R, Orive G, et al. Fibroblastic response to treatment with different preparations rich in growth factors. Cell Prolif. 2009;42(2):162–70. He L, Lin Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Wu H. A comparative study of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and ...

References : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Raghavendra S, Wood MC, Taylor TD. Early wound healing around endosseous implants: a review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005;20(3):425–31. Oncu E, Bayram B, Kantarci A, Gulsever S, Alaaddinoglu EE. Positive effect of platelet rich fibrin on osseointegration. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016;21(5):e601–7. Anitua E. Plasma rich in growth factors: preliminary results o...

Abbreviations : Evaluation of effectiveness of con...

Bone morphogenetic protein Concentrated growth factor Computed tomography Insulin-like growth factor Platelet-derived growth factor Platelet-rich fibrin Platelet-rich plasma Resonance frequency analysis Transforming growth factor-β1 Transforming growth factor-β2 Vascular endothelial growth factor

Conclusions : Evaluation of effectiveness of conce...

Considering this data, it appears that application of CGF enhanced stability of implants and accelerated osseointegration in the early period. CGF has positive effects on the ISQ value at the first week and fourth week. Further laboratory studies are needed to demonstrate the positive effects of blood products on the osseointegration process at the histopathological level.

Discussion : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

In a study by Monov et al. using PRP around the implant, a higher stability value was obtained in the study group during the early recovery period (6 weeks) although difference between the groups was not statistically significant [23]. Kim et al. reported in a study that there was a statistically significant increase in bone-implant contact with PRP administration in the vicinity of the implant [...

Discussion : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Introduced in 1998 by Marx, PRP is used in oral and maxillofacial surgeries to speed up the recovery of grafts in bone-grafted areas [14, 26–30]. Although many studies have shown that platelet-rich plasma affects bone healing positively, the results of some other studies suggest otherwise [31, 32]. In recent years, the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was described by Choukroun as a second-generation...

Discussion : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Implant stability is one of the important parameters that assess the loading time and dental implant success. Investigators have recommended that implants with ISQ 

Results : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentra...

The study includes 12 patients (5 males, 7 females). Patients participating in the study are between 20–68 years of age and the mean age is 44 years. A total of 40 implants were placed, 20 of these were included in the study group (50%), and the other 20 were included in the control group (50%). Twenty-one implants were placed in type 2 bone, 19 implants in type 3 bone (Table 1). The distribu...

Methods : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentra...

Independent sample t test was applied between the two groups by taking the differences between the data obtained in these periods. Two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD test was used for evaluating the associations among group and insertion torque. A value of p 

Methods : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentra...

All surgical procedures were performed under local anesthesia by the same surgeon. A full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was removed by incision on the alveolar crest. Implant cavities were prepared according to the surgical protocol of the Bego Semados implant system (BEGO Implant Systems GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany). The final osteotomy diameters were the same as the placed implants. In the st...

Methods : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentra...

This study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approval of the ethics committee required for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Karadeniz Technical University (2015/21). The procedures to be performed were explained in detail and patients signed the consent forms. The study was carried out on individuals who applied to Karadeniz ...

Background : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

That the implant has sufficient stability after placement is important for providing the necessary bone formation around the implant and for the optimal distribution of functional forces at the implant-bone interface during healing [15–17]. It can be said that resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is a very important tool for tracking the osseointegration process [18, 19]. RFA is a technique that ...

Background : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Osseointegration of dental implants is important for long-term success and stability. There is no standardization in terms of the time of osseointegration and the timing of prosthetic loading. This process varies between 0–6 months [1]. Various strategies are being explored to shorten this period. Changes in implant surface properties and design have increased primer stability and helped the pe...

Abstract : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentr...

Growth factor-containing products have been reported to increase implant stability and accelerate osseointegration. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) can be used for this purpose with the growth factors it contains. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of CGF on implant stability and osseointegration. Twelve patients with maxillary anterior toothless were included in the study. Implant ca...

Fig. 6. Micro CT scan images of the MDIs and Ankyl...

Fig. 6. Micro CT scan images of the MDIs and Ankylos® embedded in rabbit bone 6 weeks post implantation Fig. 6. Micro CT scan images of the MDIs and Ankylos® embedded in rabbit bone 6 weeks post implantation

Fig. 5. Histological section of standard implant i...

Fig. 5. Histological section of standard implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin Fig. 5. Histological section of standard implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin

Fig. 4. Histological section of mini dental implan...

Fig. 4. Histological section of mini dental implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin Fig. 4. Histological section of mini dental implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin

Fig. 3. Histological sections being obtained with ...

Fig. 3. Histological sections being obtained with Leica SP 1600 saw microtome Fig. 3. Histological sections being obtained with Leica SP 1600 saw microtome

Fig. 2. Leica SP 1600 saw microtome : Osseointegra...

Fig. 2. Leica SP 1600 saw microtome Fig. 2. Leica SP 1600 saw microtome

Fig. 1. Radiograph showing implants in the rabbit ...

Fig. 1. Radiograph showing implants in the rabbit tibia Fig. 1. Radiograph showing implants in the rabbit tibia

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the experimental...

BIC 3M™ ESPE™ MDIs Ankylos® Friadent (Dentsply) Median 58.5 57 Mean 57 56.5 Interquartile range 8 5.5 First quartile 53.25 53.75 Third quartile 61.25 59.25   Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the experimental and control group

Table 1 Comparison of % BIC in both groups : Osseo...

Sample 3M™ESPE™ MDIs Ankylos® 1. 67 54 2. 59 67 3. 54 45 4. 51 58 5. 47 57 6. 64 49 7. 50 54 8. 60 56 9. 56 60 10. 61 53 11. 62 59 12. 61 55 13. 59 59 14. 45 51 15. 58 59 16. 54 62 17. 66 62 18. 56 57   Table 1 Comparison of % BIC in both groups

About this article : Osseointegration of standard ...

Dhaliwal, J.S., Albuquerque, R.F., Murshed, M. et al. Osseointegration of standard and mini dental implants: a histomorphometric comparison. Int J Implant Dent 3, 15 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0079-1 Download citation Received: 22 February 2017 Accepted: 26 April 2017 Published: 01 May 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0079-1

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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Osseointegration of stand...

This article was ammended to correct discrpencies in the Abstract. An erratum has also been published for this manuscript. An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0088-0.

Author information : Osseointegration of standard ...

Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada Jagjit S. Dhaliwal, Monzur Murshed & Jocelyne S. Feine Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Rubens F. Albuquerque Jr Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Monzur Murshed You can also search...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Schwartz Z, Lohmann CH, Oefinger J, Bonewald LF, Dean DD, Boyan BD. Implant surface characteristics modulate differentiation behavior of cells in the osteoblastic lineage. Adv Dent Res. 1999;13:38–48. Boyan BD, Lossdorfer S, Wang L, Zhao G, Lohmann CH, Cochran DL, et al. Osteoblasts generate an osteogenic microenvironment when grown on surfaces with rough microtopographies. Eur Cell Mater. 2003...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Hayakawa T, Yoshinari M, Kiba H, Yamamoto H, Nemoto K, Jansen JA. Trabecular bone response to surface roughened and calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coated titanium implants. Biomaterials. 2002;23(4):1025–31. Sul YT, Byon ES, Jeong Y. Biomechanical measurements of calcium-incorporated oxidized implants in rabbit bone: effect of calcium surface chemistry of a novel implant. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. ...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Park JW, Kim HK, Kim YJ, An CH, Hanawa T. Enhanced osteoconductivity of micro-structured titanium implants (XiVE S CELLplus) by addition of surface calcium chemistry: a histomorphometric study in the rabbit femur. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20(7):684–90. Yang GL, He FM, Yang XF, Wang XX, Zhao SF. Bone responses to titanium implants surface-roughened by sandblasted and double etched treatments...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Buser D, Schenk RK, Steinemann S, Fiorellini JP, Fox CH, Stich H. Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants. A histomorphometric study in miniature pigs. J Biomed Mater Res. 1991;25(7):889–902. Gotfredsen K, Wennerberg A, Johansson C, Skovgaard LT, Hjorting-Hansen E. Anchorage of TiO2-blasted, HA-coated, and machined implants: an experimental study with rabbi...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Trisi P, Lazzara R, Rao W, Rebaudi A. Bone-implant contact and bone quality: evaluation of expected and actual bone contact on machined and osseotite implant surfaces. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2002;22(6):535–45. Froum SJ, Simon H, Cho SC, Elian N, Rohrer MD, Tarnow DP. Histologic evaluation of bone-implant contact of immediately loaded transitional implants after 6 to 27 months. In...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Hong RK, Heo JM, Ha YK. Lever-arm and mini-implant system for anterior torque control during retraction in lingual orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(1):129–41. Mazor Z, Steigmann M, Leshem R, Peleg M. Mini-implants to reconstruct missing teeth in severe ridge deficiency and small interdental space: a 5-year case series. Implant Dent. 2004;13(4):336–41. Siddiqui AA, Sosovicka M, Go...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Branemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81–100. Boerrigter EM, Stegenga B, Raghoebar GM, Boering G. Patient satisfaction and chewing ability with implant-retained mandibular overdentures: a comparison with new complete dentures with or without preprosthetic ...

Conclusions : Osseointegration of standard and min...

The results of this study show that MDIs as well as regular implants osseointegrate in rabbits.

Discussion : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Our study is also in concordance with the results of a removal torque study by Simon et al. [63] in immediately loaded “transitional endosseous implants” in humans. The percentage BIC for MDIs was similar to standard implants. The surface topography also affects the BIC, Wennerberg et al. [32] measured and compared removal torque values on screw-shaped titanium implants with three surface typ...

Discussion : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

The osseointegration potential of 3M™ESPE™ MDIs has not been studied. The MDI is a one-piece implant that simplifies the restorative phase resulting in a reduced cost for the patient. Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Ti 6Al-4V-ELI) is used for increased strength. The success of these implants led to its use in long-term fixed and removable dental prostheses [51]. Conventional implant treatmen...

Results : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

On the whole, postoperative wound healing in all the rabbits was good. None of them exhibited any signs of wound infection or exposure. A total of 36 specimens were retrieved for histological examination. All of the implants in both groups showed osseointegration and displayed a good amount of bone contact length (Figs. 4 and 5). No discernible differences were noticed between both the groups. T...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

The saw blade has a thickness of 280 μm and a feed of 310 μm was selected to obtain the final section thickness of 30 μm. The knurled screw was used for the setting of the section thickness. The prepared section was finally removed from the saw blade. The specimens were prepared for histology by the method as described by Donath and Breuner [49]. Subsequently, the sections were stained with...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

The specimens were dehydrated in the ascending graded ethanol solution and kept in a pre-filtration solution for 3 h at room temperature and then in the filtration solution at 4 °C for 17 h. The specimens were then embedded in a light curing resin Technovit 9100 NEW (Kulzer & Co., Wehrheim, Germany) polymerization system based on methyl methacrylate, specially developed for embedding mineraliz...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

Expected length of the procedure was approximately 1 h. Following placement of the implants, the wound was sutured in layers. The underlying muscle, fascia, and dermal layers were sutured with the help of Vicryl (Polyglactin 910) suture with 3/8 circle reverse cutting needle. The skin was sutured to a primary closer with the same suture material. Plain X-ray images of all the rabbit tibia were t...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

A small longitudinal skin incision just distal to the tibia-femur joint was made. The tibia/femur head was exposed subperiosteally and an osteotomy performed with the delicately placed pilot drill over the entry point and lightly pumped up and down under copius saline irrigation just to enter the cortical bone for the MDIs. This was used for initial bone drilling to depth of 0.5 mm. The 3M™ESPE...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

Nine clinically healthy New Zealand white rabbits weighing 3.5 kg and more were used for the study, and the animals were housed in the central animal house facility. The head of tibia/femur of the animals were used for the implantation of samples. Rabbits’ tibiae and femur have been widely used as an animal model by various other authors to study osseointegration of dental implants [36–45]. ...

Background : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Despite the advantages of the mini dental implants, evidence on their efficacy and long-term success is lacking. The success of these implants will depend on their union with the surrounding bone. New implant systems entering into the market have to be studied with the help of animal models first, to demonstrate the osseointegration potential for their probable success in humans. There is a limite...

Background : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

The term “osseointegration” was first introduced to explain the phenomenon for stable fixation of titanium to bone by Brånemark et al. in the 1960s [1]. Osseointegrated implants were introduced, a new era in oral rehabilitation began, and many studies were conducted [2, 3]. A success rate of over 90% has been reported [4, 5]. Further, a success rate of 81% in the maxillary bone and 91% in the...

Abstract : Osseointegration of standard and mini d...

Mini dental implants (MDIs) are becoming increasingly popular for rehabilitation of edentulous patients because of their several advantages. However, there is a lack of evidence on the osseointegration potential of the MDIs. The objective of the study was to histomorphometrically evaluate and compare bone apposition on the surface of MDIs and standard implants in a rabbit model. Nine New Zealand ...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and posi...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomar...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive...

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC leve...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP lev...

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (co...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. T...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implan...

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relat...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the...

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 ...

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relatio...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participat...

About this article : Relation between the stabilit...

Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y Download citation Received: 14 September 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 08 December 2016 DOI...

Rights and permissions : Relation between the stab...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Relation between the stabilit...

Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand Peraphan Pothacharoen Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...

Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability ...

The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209. Download references

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24. Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39. Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...

Conclusions : Relation between the stability of de...

Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].The primary stability comes from th...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1]. The primary stability comes from ...

Abstract : Relation between the stability of denta...

The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers. The study is a prospective...

About this article : Zirconia implants and peek re...

Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J.M., Cabaña-Muñoz, M.E., Merino, J.J. et al. Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the replacement of upper molars. Int J Implant Dent 3, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2 Download citation Received: 13 October 2016 Accepted: 22 December 2016 Published: 20 February 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2

Rights and permissions : Zirconia implants and pee...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Zirconia implants and peek re...

Periodontics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia (Spain), Murcia, Spain Arturo Sánchez-Pérez Clínica CIROM, Murcia, 30001, Spain José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz & José Joaquín Merino Clínica Odontologíca Universitaria, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/ Marqués de los Vélez s/n, Murcia, 30008, Spain Arturo Sánchez-...

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Download references

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Bormann K-H, Gellrich N-C, Kniha H, Dard M, Wieland M, Gahlert M. Biomechanical evaluation of a microstructured zirconia implant by a removal torque comparison with a standard Ti-SLA implant. Clin oral implants res. 2012;23:1210–6. Oliva J, Oliva X, Oliva JD. One-year follow-up of first consecutive 100 zirconia dental implants in humans: a comparison of 2 different rough surfaces. Int j oral ma...

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand j plast reconstr surg suppl. 1977;16:1–132. Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM. TécnicaAtraumática en Implantología. Rev esp odontoestomatológica implant. 11:30–5. Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Cabaña-Mu...

Conclusions : Zirconia implants and peek restorati...

Zirconia implants with PEEK restorations can be considered a good alternative for replacing natural teeth. Their biocompatibility and biostability make them a promising material for those patients who suffer from allergies and sensitivity to metal alloys. PEEK restorations are a valid and alternative recommendation when using zirconia implants because of their cushioning effect and elastic modulu...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

In addition to PEEK, new coatings based on PMMA or composite materials (Anaxblent®Anaxdent®, Nexco®Ivoclar®, Solidex®Shofu®, Novo.lign®Bredent®, etc.) which incorporate ceramic fillings have been developed. Due to their molecular structure, these materials have excellent density and homogeneity [24]. The micro filling integrated into the polymer matrix increases abrasion resistance, at the...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

In terms of the load-cushioning capacity of the prosthetic elements, the use of PEEK as a prosthetic structure on implants has increased in recent years [14]. PEEK is a high-density thermoplastic polymer with a linear aromatic semi-crystalline structure that has exceptional physical and chemical properties as regards toughness, hardness and elasticity. Also, its low molecular weight, combined with...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

Fifteen days after surgery, the appearance of the soft tissue was excellent, with no signs of inflammation in the mucosa. The patient mentioned the absence of bleeding and pain during the post-operation period. At the same time, we made a clinical and radiological evaluation. Three months after surgery, the stumps of the implants were carved to improve their parallelism with a special diamond dril...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years previously. Clinica...

Background : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium [1], which are still the most popular. The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials. An example of this is zirconia-based dental i...

Abstract : Zirconia implants and peek restorations...

One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties. A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record of interest with a longitudinal fracture i...

Fig. 4. Comparative illustration of mean ISQ value...

Fig. 4. Comparative illustration of mean ISQ values Fig. 4. Comparative illustration of mean ISQ values

Fig. 3. Implants were placed after application of ...

Fig. 3. Implants were placed after application of CGF membrane Fig. 3. Implants were placed after application of CGF membrane

Fig. 2. CGF membrane was applied in study group im...

Fig. 2. CGF membrane was applied in study group implant sockets Fig. 2. CGF membrane was applied in study group implant sockets

Fig. 1. CGF was obtained after centrifugation : Ev...

Fig. 1. CGF was obtained after centrifugation Fig. 1. CGF was obtained after centrifugation

Table 3 Mean ISQ value changes between study and c...

  Control group Study group Immediate–1st week −2.25 ± 1.713 1.40 ± 1.847 Immediate–4th wee...

Table 2 Mean ISQ values in the study and control g...

  Control group Study group Immediate 75.75 ± 5.552 78.00 ± 2.828 1st week ...

Table 1 Demographic data of patients : Evaluation ...

Case no. Age Sex Group Implant number 1 20 ...

About this article : Evaluation of effectiveness o...

Pirpir, C., Yilmaz, O., Candirli, C. et al. Evaluation of effectiveness of concentrated growth factor on osseointegration. Int J Implant Dent 3, 7 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0069-3 Download citation Received: 16 December 2016 Accepted: 16 February 2017 Published: 03 March 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0069-3

Rights and permissions : Evaluation of effectivene...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Evaluation of effectiveness o...

Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Cagasan Pirpir, Onur Yilmaz, Celal Candirli & Emre Balaban You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in ...

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Huwiler MA, Pjetursson BE, Bosshardt DD, Salvi GE, Lang NP. Resonance frequency analysis in relation to jawbone characteristics and during early healing of implant installation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007;18(3):275–80. Kroese-Deutman HC, Vehof JW, Spauwen PH, Stoelinga PJ, Jansen JA. Orthotopic bone formation in titanium fiber mesh loaded with platelet-rich plasma and placed in segmental defe...

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Nurden AT, Nurden P, Sanchez M, Andia I, Anitua E. Platelets and wound healing. Front Biosci. 2008;13:3532–48. Anitua E, Sanchez M, Zalduendo MM, de la Fuente M, Prado R, Orive G, et al. Fibroblastic response to treatment with different preparations rich in growth factors. Cell Prolif. 2009;42(2):162–70. He L, Lin Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Wu H. A comparative study of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and ...

References : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Raghavendra S, Wood MC, Taylor TD. Early wound healing around endosseous implants: a review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005;20(3):425–31. Oncu E, Bayram B, Kantarci A, Gulsever S, Alaaddinoglu EE. Positive effect of platelet rich fibrin on osseointegration. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016;21(5):e601–7. Anitua E. Plasma rich in growth factors: preliminary results o...

Abbreviations : Evaluation of effectiveness of con...

Bone morphogenetic protein Concentrated growth factor Computed tomography Insulin-like growth factor Platelet-derived growth factor Platelet-rich fibrin Platelet-rich plasma Resonance frequency analysis Transforming growth factor-β1 Transforming growth factor-β2 Vascular endothelial growth factor

Conclusions : Evaluation of effectiveness of conce...

Considering this data, it appears that application of CGF enhanced stability of implants and accelerated osseointegration in the early period. CGF has positive effects on the ISQ value at the first week and fourth week. Further laboratory studies are needed to demonstrate the positive effects of blood products on the osseointegration process at the histopathological level.

Discussion : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

In a study by Monov et al. using PRP around the implant, a higher stability value was obtained in the study group during the early recovery period (6 weeks) although difference between the groups was not statistically significant [23]. Kim et al. reported in a study that there was a statistically significant increase in bone-implant contact with PRP administration in the vicinity of the implant [...

Discussion : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Introduced in 1998 by Marx, PRP is used in oral and maxillofacial surgeries to speed up the recovery of grafts in bone-grafted areas [14, 26–30]. Although many studies have shown that platelet-rich plasma affects bone healing positively, the results of some other studies suggest otherwise [31, 32]. In recent years, the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was described by Choukroun as a second-generation...

Discussion : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Implant stability is one of the important parameters that assess the loading time and dental implant success. Investigators have recommended that implants with ISQ 

Results : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentra...

The study includes 12 patients (5 males, 7 females). Patients participating in the study are between 20–68 years of age and the mean age is 44 years. A total of 40 implants were placed, 20 of these were included in the study group (50%), and the other 20 were included in the control group (50%). Twenty-one implants were placed in type 2 bone, 19 implants in type 3 bone (Table 1). The distribu...

Methods : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentra...

Independent sample t test was applied between the two groups by taking the differences between the data obtained in these periods. Two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD test was used for evaluating the associations among group and insertion torque. A value of p 

Methods : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentra...

All surgical procedures were performed under local anesthesia by the same surgeon. A full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was removed by incision on the alveolar crest. Implant cavities were prepared according to the surgical protocol of the Bego Semados implant system (BEGO Implant Systems GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany). The final osteotomy diameters were the same as the placed implants. In the st...

Methods : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentra...

This study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approval of the ethics committee required for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Karadeniz Technical University (2015/21). The procedures to be performed were explained in detail and patients signed the consent forms. The study was carried out on individuals who applied to Karadeniz ...

Background : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

That the implant has sufficient stability after placement is important for providing the necessary bone formation around the implant and for the optimal distribution of functional forces at the implant-bone interface during healing [15–17]. It can be said that resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is a very important tool for tracking the osseointegration process [18, 19]. RFA is a technique that ...

Background : Evaluation of effectiveness of concen...

Osseointegration of dental implants is important for long-term success and stability. There is no standardization in terms of the time of osseointegration and the timing of prosthetic loading. This process varies between 0–6 months [1]. Various strategies are being explored to shorten this period. Changes in implant surface properties and design have increased primer stability and helped the pe...

Abstract : Evaluation of effectiveness of concentr...

Growth factor-containing products have been reported to increase implant stability and accelerate osseointegration. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) can be used for this purpose with the growth factors it contains. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of CGF on implant stability and osseointegration. Twelve patients with maxillary anterior toothless were included in the study. Implant ca...

Fig. 6. Micro CT scan images of the MDIs and Ankyl...

Fig. 6. Micro CT scan images of the MDIs and Ankylos® embedded in rabbit bone 6 weeks post implantation Fig. 6. Micro CT scan images of the MDIs and Ankylos® embedded in rabbit bone 6 weeks post implantation

Fig. 5. Histological section of standard implant i...

Fig. 5. Histological section of standard implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin Fig. 5. Histological section of standard implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin

Fig. 4. Histological section of mini dental implan...

Fig. 4. Histological section of mini dental implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin Fig. 4. Histological section of mini dental implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin

Fig. 3. Histological sections being obtained with ...

Fig. 3. Histological sections being obtained with Leica SP 1600 saw microtome Fig. 3. Histological sections being obtained with Leica SP 1600 saw microtome

Fig. 2. Leica SP 1600 saw microtome : Osseointegra...

Fig. 2. Leica SP 1600 saw microtome Fig. 2. Leica SP 1600 saw microtome

Fig. 1. Radiograph showing implants in the rabbit ...

Fig. 1. Radiograph showing implants in the rabbit tibia Fig. 1. Radiograph showing implants in the rabbit tibia

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the experimental...

BIC 3M™ ESPE™ MDIs Ankylos® Friadent (Dentsply) Median 58.5 57 ...

Table 1 Comparison of % BIC in both groups : Osseo...

Sample 3M™ESPE™ MDIs Ankylos® 1. 67 54 2. ...

About this article : Osseointegration of standard ...

Dhaliwal, J.S., Albuquerque, R.F., Murshed, M. et al. Osseointegration of standard and mini dental implants: a histomorphometric comparison. Int J Implant Dent 3, 15 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0079-1Download citationReceived: 22 February 2017Accepted: 26 April 2017Published: 01 May 2017DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0079-1

About this article : Osseointegration of standard ...

Dhaliwal, J.S., Albuquerque, R.F., Murshed, M. et al. Osseointegration of standard and mini dental implants: a histomorphometric comparison. Int J Implant Dent 3, 15 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0079-1 Download citation Received: 22 February 2017 Accepted: 26 April 2017 Published: 01 May 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0079-1

Rights and permissions : Osseointegration of stand...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Additional information : Osseointegration of stand...

This article was ammended to correct discrpencies in the Abstract. An erratum has also been published for this manuscript. An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0088-0.

Author information : Osseointegration of standard ...

Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada Jagjit S. Dhaliwal, Monzur Murshed & Jocelyne S. Feine Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Rubens F. Albuquerque Jr Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Monzur Murshed You can also search...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Schwartz Z, Lohmann CH, Oefinger J, Bonewald LF, Dean DD, Boyan BD. Implant surface characteristics modulate differentiation behavior of cells in the osteoblastic lineage. Adv Dent Res. 1999;13:38–48. Boyan BD, Lossdorfer S, Wang L, Zhao G, Lohmann CH, Cochran DL, et al. Osteoblasts generate an osteogenic microenvironment when grown on surfaces with rough microtopographies. Eur Cell Mater. 2003...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Hayakawa T, Yoshinari M, Kiba H, Yamamoto H, Nemoto K, Jansen JA. Trabecular bone response to surface roughened and calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coated titanium implants. Biomaterials. 2002;23(4):1025–31. Sul YT, Byon ES, Jeong Y. Biomechanical measurements of calcium-incorporated oxidized implants in rabbit bone: effect of calcium surface chemistry of a novel implant. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. ...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Park JW, Kim HK, Kim YJ, An CH, Hanawa T. Enhanced osteoconductivity of micro-structured titanium implants (XiVE S CELLplus) by addition of surface calcium chemistry: a histomorphometric study in the rabbit femur. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20(7):684–90. Yang GL, He FM, Yang XF, Wang XX, Zhao SF. Bone responses to titanium implants surface-roughened by sandblasted and double etched treatments...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Buser D, Schenk RK, Steinemann S, Fiorellini JP, Fox CH, Stich H. Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants. A histomorphometric study in miniature pigs. J Biomed Mater Res. 1991;25(7):889–902. Gotfredsen K, Wennerberg A, Johansson C, Skovgaard LT, Hjorting-Hansen E. Anchorage of TiO2-blasted, HA-coated, and machined implants: an experimental study with rabbi...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Trisi P, Lazzara R, Rao W, Rebaudi A. Bone-implant contact and bone quality: evaluation of expected and actual bone contact on machined and osseotite implant surfaces. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2002;22(6):535–45. Froum SJ, Simon H, Cho SC, Elian N, Rohrer MD, Tarnow DP. Histologic evaluation of bone-implant contact of immediately loaded transitional implants after 6 to 27 months. In...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Hong RK, Heo JM, Ha YK. Lever-arm and mini-implant system for anterior torque control during retraction in lingual orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(1):129–41. Mazor Z, Steigmann M, Leshem R, Peleg M. Mini-implants to reconstruct missing teeth in severe ridge deficiency and small interdental space: a 5-year case series. Implant Dent. 2004;13(4):336–41. Siddiqui AA, Sosovicka M, Go...

References : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Branemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81–100. Boerrigter EM, Stegenga B, Raghoebar GM, Boering G. Patient satisfaction and chewing ability with implant-retained mandibular overdentures: a comparison with new complete dentures with or without preprosthetic ...

Conclusions : Osseointegration of standard and min...

The results of this study show that MDIs as well as regular implants osseointegrate in rabbits.

Discussion : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Our study is also in concordance with the results of a removal torque study by Simon et al. [63] in immediately loaded “transitional endosseous implants” in humans. The percentage BIC for MDIs was similar to standard implants. The surface topography also affects the BIC, Wennerberg et al. [32] measured and compared removal torque values on screw-shaped titanium implants with three surface typ...

Discussion : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

The osseointegration potential of 3M™ESPE™ MDIs has not been studied. The MDI is a one-piece implant that simplifies the restorative phase resulting in a reduced cost for the patient. Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Ti 6Al-4V-ELI) is used for increased strength. The success of these implants led to its use in long-term fixed and removable dental prostheses [51]. Conventional implant treatmen...

Results : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

On the whole, postoperative wound healing in all the rabbits was good. None of them exhibited any signs of wound infection or exposure. A total of 36 specimens were retrieved for histological examination. All of the implants in both groups showed osseointegration and displayed a good amount of bone contact length (Figs. 4 and 5). No discernible differences were noticed between both the groups. T...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

The saw blade has a thickness of 280 μm and a feed of 310 μm was selected to obtain the final section thickness of 30 μm. The knurled screw was used for the setting of the section thickness. The prepared section was finally removed from the saw blade. The specimens were prepared for histology by the method as described by Donath and Breuner [49]. Subsequently, the sections were stained with...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

The specimens were dehydrated in the ascending graded ethanol solution and kept in a pre-filtration solution for 3 h at room temperature and then in the filtration solution at 4 °C for 17 h. The specimens were then embedded in a light curing resin Technovit 9100 NEW (Kulzer & Co., Wehrheim, Germany) polymerization system based on methyl methacrylate, specially developed for embedding mineraliz...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

Expected length of the procedure was approximately 1 h. Following placement of the implants, the wound was sutured in layers. The underlying muscle, fascia, and dermal layers were sutured with the help of Vicryl (Polyglactin 910) suture with 3/8 circle reverse cutting needle. The skin was sutured to a primary closer with the same suture material. Plain X-ray images of all the rabbit tibia were t...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

A small longitudinal skin incision just distal to the tibia-femur joint was made. The tibia/femur head was exposed subperiosteally and an osteotomy performed with the delicately placed pilot drill over the entry point and lightly pumped up and down under copius saline irrigation just to enter the cortical bone for the MDIs. This was used for initial bone drilling to depth of 0.5 mm. The 3M™ESPE...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

Nine clinically healthy New Zealand white rabbits weighing 3.5 kg and more were used for the study, and the animals were housed in the central animal house facility. The head of tibia/femur of the animals were used for the implantation of samples. Rabbits’ tibiae and femur have been widely used as an animal model by various other authors to study osseointegration of dental implants [36–45]. ...

Background : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Despite the advantages of the mini dental implants, evidence on their efficacy and long-term success is lacking. The success of these implants will depend on their union with the surrounding bone. New implant systems entering into the market have to be studied with the help of animal models first, to demonstrate the osseointegration potential for their probable success in humans. There is a limite...

Background : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

The term “osseointegration” was first introduced to explain the phenomenon for stable fixation of titanium to bone by Brånemark et al. in the 1960s [1]. Osseointegrated implants were introduced, a new era in oral rehabilitation began, and many studies were conducted [2, 3]. A success rate of over 90% has been reported [4, 5]. Further, a success rate of 81% in the maxillary bone and 91% in the...

Abstract : Osseointegration of standard and mini d...

Mini dental implants (MDIs) are becoming increasingly popular for rehabilitation of edentulous patients because of their several advantages. However, there is a lack of evidence on the osseointegration potential of the MDIs. The objective of the study was to histomorphometrically evaluate and compare bone apposition on the surface of MDIs and standard implants in a rabbit model. Nine New Zealand ...

Fig. 1. Anatomical location of the control and Ca...

Fig. 1. Anatomical location of the control and Ca2+-modified dental implants Fig. 1. Anatomical location of the control and Ca2+-modified dental implants

Table 3 Outcomes of experimental and control group...

Variable Experimental Control P 

Table 2 Length and diameter of the dental implants...

  Diameter (mm) Total 4.25 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.25 ...

Table 1 Length and diameter of the dental implants...

  Diameter (mm) Total 4.25 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.25 ...

About this article : Early marginal bone stability...

Anitua, E., Piñas, L. & Alkhraisat, M.H. Early marginal bone stability of dental implants placed in a transalveolarly augmented maxillary sinus: a controlled retrospective study of surface modification with calcium ions. Int J Implant Dent 3, 49 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0111-5 Download citation Received: 04 September 2017 Accepted: 15 November 2017 Publi...

Rights and permissions : Early marginal bone stabi...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Early marginal bone stabilit...

An exemption from IRB approval of the study protocol was granted by the author’s institution as it was a retrospective study, and the evaluated medical device had already been approved for clinical use. This study was performed following the Helsinki declaration regarding the investigation with human subjects. Not applicable. Eduardo Anitua is the Scientific Director of BTI Biotechnology Insti...

Author information : Early marginal bone stability...

Private practice in oral implantology, Clínica Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain Eduardo Anitua University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain Eduardo Anitua & Mohammad Hamdan Alkhraisat BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain Eduardo Anitua & Mohammad Hamdan Alkhraisat Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madr...

Acknowledgements : Early marginal bone stability o...

Not applicable No funding was received for this study. The data will not be shared but are available upon request.

References : Early marginal bone stability of dent...

Schulze R, Krummenauer F, Schalldach F, d'Hoedt B. Precision and accuracy of measurements in digital panoramic radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2000;29:52–6. Download references

References : Early marginal bone stability of dent...

Jaffin RA, Berman CL. The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: a 5-year analysis. J Periodontol. 1991;62:2–4. Anitua E, Alkhraisat MH, Pinas L, Orive G. Efficacy of biologically guided implant site preparation to obtain adequate primary implant stability. Ann Anat. 2015;199:9–15. Anitua E, Alkhraist MH, Piñas L, Orive G. Association of transalveolar sinus floor elevation, p...

References : Early marginal bone stability of dent...

Moraschini V, Poubel LA, Ferreira VF, Barboza Edos S. Evaluation of survival and success rates of dental implants reported in longitudinal studies with a follow-up period of at least 10 years: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44:377–88. Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 200...

Abbreviations : Early marginal bone stability of d...

Plasma rich in growth factors Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology

Conclusions : Early marginal bone stability of den...

The modification of an acid-etched surface with calcium ions (UnicCa®) seems to enhance the marginal bone stability of dental implants, placed after transalveolar sinus floor elevation.

Results and discussion : Early marginal bone stabi...

Unlike Ca2+-modified dental implants, two early implant losses were observed for the same dental implants but without Ca2+. Moderately rough implant surface has enhanced implant osseointegration and has increased the implant secondary stability [2, 3, 19]. Hydrophilic moderately rough surfaces showed faster osseointegration compared to those with hydrophobic characteristics [20, 21]. Ca2+ ions hav...

Results and discussion : Early marginal bone stabi...

In this study, 51 patients participated with 65 dental implants. The mean age of the patients was 58 ± 11 years (range 38 to 72 years) at the time of surgery, and 28 were females. The experimental group had 34 Ca2+-modified dental implants, and the control group had 31 dental implants (without surface modification with calcium ions). Tables 1 and 2 show the diameters and lengths of the p...

Methods : Early marginal bone stability of dental ...

The plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) was prepared using the Endoret® system following the manufacturer instructions (BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain). The technique for transalveolar sinus floor elevation is explained elsewhere [15]. Briefly, conventional drills working at low speed (150 rpm) without irrigation was used to prepare the implant site. A frontal cutting drill was the...

Methods : Early marginal bone stability of dental ...

The manuscript was written following STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. All described data and treatments were obtained from a single dental clinic in Vitoria, Spain. The time period of the study was between December 2014 and April 2016. Patients’ records were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients that fulfilled the following inclusi...

Background : Early marginal bone stability of dent...

Dental implants are nowadays the treatment of choice to replace missing teeth due to their high predictability and long-term success [1]. This success is the outcome of several cellular and molecular events that take place at the implant-bone interface. Although the process of osseointegration is not fully understood, research is ongoing to enhance and accelerate this process. Moderately rough imp...

Abstract : Early marginal bone stability of dental...

Recently, components of the extracellular cellular matrix have been assessed to enhance the biological response to dental implants. This study aims to assess the effect of surface modification with calcium ions on the early marginal bone loss of dental implants placed in a transalveolarly augmented maxillary sinus. A retrospective study of transalveolar sinus floor augmentation was conducted in a...

Fig. 9. The comparison of two groups at average vo...

Fig. 9. The comparison of two groups at average voxel values for each part. The comparison of voxel values by insertion torque. All specimens were classified into two groups by insertion torque

Fig. 8. The relationship between average voxel val...

Fig. 8. The relationship between average voxel value and insertion torque (averaged over the entire treatment area). The comparison of average voxel value among IT groups. Average voxel value was 384.0 ± 154.6 in the low IT group, 387.7 ± 147.7 in the medium IT group, and 619.2 ± 200.4 in the high IT group Fig. 8. The relationship between average voxel value and insertion torqu...

Fig. 7. The average voxel value between the maxill...

Fig. 7. The average voxel value between the maxilla and mandible. There was no difference between the maxilla (430.9 ± 211.6) and the mandible (475.6 ± 211.5) in the average voxel value. Also, no difference was found in each part Fig. 7. The average voxel value between the maxilla and mandible. There was no difference between the maxilla (430.9 ± 211.6) and the mandible (475.6...

Fig. 6. The relationship between ISQ and insertion...

Fig. 6. The relationship between ISQ and insertion torque. Percentage of specimens showing ISQ ≥ 73 compared with groups by week. In all groups, a period of rapidly increasing percentages was observed (8–12 weeks in the low IT group, 4–6 weeks in the medium and high IT groups). In the medium and high IT Group, a statistically significant difference was observed between ISQ ≥ 73 a...

Fig. 5. The comparison of ISQ values by the insert...

Fig. 5. The comparison of ISQ values by the insertion torque. Time-lapse migration of ISQ values was compared with IT groups. Each IT group displayed similar migration. A significant difference in The ISQ was found in the low IT group after 8 weeks Fig. 5. The comparison of ISQ values by the insertion torque. Time-lapse migration of ISQ values was compared with IT groups. Each IT group displ...

Fig. 4. The classification of the insertion torque...

Fig. 4. The classification of the insertion torque. All specimens classified into three groups according to insertion torque. Criteria for the classification are shown in the figure and in the “Methods” section Fig. 4. The classification of the insertion torque. All specimens classified into three groups according to insertion torque. Criteria for the classification are shown in the figur...

Fig. 3. The evaluation of the average ISQ. Time-la...

Fig. 3. The evaluation of the average ISQ. Time-lapse migration of average ISQ. Average ISQ of all specimens increased in a time-dependent manner (results indicated by a line). A significant difference was observed by 6 weeks after surgery Fig. 3. The evaluation of the average ISQ. Time-lapse migration of average ISQ. Average ISQ of all specimens increased in a time-dependent manner (results...

Fig. 2. The measurement of the voxel values. A cas...

Fig. 2. The measurement of the voxel values. A case of bone quality diagnosis before treatment. Width and height of the bone were measured to select the proper size of the implant body. The selected implant body was simulated on the bone images as a symbol, and then the voxel value was calculated as described in the “Methods” section Fig. 2. The measurement of the voxel values. A case of ...

Fig. 1. Genesio® Plus implant with Aanchor surfac...

Fig. 1. Genesio® Plus implant with Aanchor surface. Scheme of the dental implant body for the Genesio® Plus implants with Aanchor surface used. a Overview picture of Genesio® Plus implants with Aanchor surface. b Image from scanning electron microscopy. Both pictures were provided by GC Corporation. To obtain osseointegration from an early stage, the dental implant body was treated with sandb...

Table 2 Result of IT and ISQ : Prospective multice...

Number of implants Insertion torque value (N cm) Implant stability quotient value 0 week 2 weeks ...

Table 1 Treatment area and size of implant body : ...

Number of implants Treatment area (FDI) Size of implant (mm) Length Diameter 1 ...

About this article : Prospective multicenter non-r...

Homma, S., Makabe, Y., Sakai, T. et al. Prospective multicenter non-randomized controlled study on intraosseous stability and healing period for dental implants in the posterior region. Int J Implant Dent 4, 10 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0122-x Download citation Received: 05 September 2017 Accepted: 25 January 2018 Published: 29 March 2018 DOI: https://doi...

Rights and permissions : Prospective multicenter n...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : Prospective multicenter non-...

This research was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and subsequent ethical standards, with the approval of Tokyo Dental University and Fukuoka Dental College Ethics Committee (World Medical 2013). The surgeon explained the contents of the research to each patient, who then consented to participate in the present study. All participants consented to publish their inform...

Author information : Prospective multicenter non-r...

Correspondence to Shinya Homma.

Author information : Prospective multicenter non-r...

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan Shinya Homma, Yasushi Makabe & Yasutomo Yajima Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka-City, Fukuoka, 814-0175, Japan Takuya Sakai, Kenzou Morinaga & Hirofumi Kido Center for Oral ...

References : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

Nedir R, Bischof M, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Predicting osseointegration by means of implant primary stability. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;15(5):520–8. Ito Y, Sato D, Yoneda S, Ito D, Kondo H, Kasugai S. Relevance of resonance frequency analysis to evaluate dental implant stability: simulation and histomorphometrical animal experiments. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19(1):9–...

References : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

Boronat López A, Balaguer Martínez J, Lamas Pelayo J, Carrillo García C, Peñarrocha DM. Resonance frequency analysis of dental implant stability during the healing period. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008;13(4):E244–7. Gapski R, Wang HL, Mascarenhas P, Lang NP. Critical review of immediate implant loading. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;14(5):515–27. Esposito M, Hirsch JM, Lekholm U, Th...

References : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

Schulte W, Lukas D. The Periotest method. Int Dent J. 1992;42(6):433–40. Meredith N, Book K, Friberg B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in vivo. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997;8(3):226–33. Meredith N. Assessment of i...

References : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

Aparicio C, Rangert B, Sennerby L. Immediate/early loading of dental implants. A report from the Sociedad Española de Implantes World Congress consensus meeting in Barcelona, Spain 2002. Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003;5:57–60. Cochran DL, Moeton D, Weber HP. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding loading protocols for endosseous dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac ...

Abbreviations : Prospective multicenter non-random...

Cone beam CT Computed tomography Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Implant stability quotient Insertion torque Multi-slice CT

Conclusions : Prospective multicenter non-randomiz...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the insertion torque value and the ISQ value at the implant treatment using the current rough-surfaced implant. As a result, no significant relationship was found between the insertion torque value and the ISQ value. Also, it was suggested that the ISQ value was considered to be an important indicator for observing the treatment st...

Discussion : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

As accurate CT attenuation was not measured due to the lower spatial resolution of CBCT compared with MSCT, a CBCT was recognized as unsuitable for evaluating bone quality. However, several groups have recently reported the potential use of CBCT systems as an apparatus for estimating bone quality. Isoda et al. described a high correlation between voxel values obtained by CBCT and IT of the implant...

Discussion : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

In this study, we could not find a significant relationship between insertion torque value and ISQ value. However, insertion torque value is an important indicator for predicting the progress of implant treatment, and ISQ value is considered to be an important indicator for observing the treatment state of the implant. Currently, the insertion torque value is used as the major decision index for t...

Discussion : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

Increases or decreases of ISQ values are explained as follows: The inserted dental implant body is supported by mechanical interdigitating force after surgery, but this interdigitating force will be reduced time-dependently by the effects of osteoclasts activation at the initial stage of the bone remodeling process, then osseointegration will be completed by an increasing contact area between the ...

Discussion : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

The insertion torque value in this study showed broader (10 to 50 N cm) than the previous publication (Table 2) [22, 32], and the cause of reasons for the difference are as follows: Primary stability may be affected by the bone quantity and bone quality in the treatment area, the micro- and macro-level design of the implant body, and the accuracy of the surgical technique [18, 25]. In this stud...

Discussion : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

According to the previous literature, the obtaining osseointegration is integral to the intraosseous stability of the implant body during the healing period [24]; moreover, the importance of postoperative assessment of the intraosseous stability of the implant has also been reported [10]. Intraosseous stability of the implant body is evaluated immediately after the implant insertion and during the...

Results : Prospective multicenter non-randomized c...

Average ISQ tended to increase during the healing period in all IT groups (Fig. 5). Average ISQ of the low IT group was 59.81 at 0 week, increasing significantly after ≥ 8 weeks (P 

Results : Prospective multicenter non-randomized c...

A total of 33 implant bodies (8 in the maxilla, 25 in the mandible) were inserted into the 27 participants (11 men, 16 women), with the average age of 54.6 ± 12.2 years (range, 32–78 years). The average IT value was 32.7 ± 9.2 N cm (32.5 ± 11.6 N cm in the maxilla, 32.8 ± 8.5 N cm in the mandible). The diameter of the implant body was 4.4 mm in 20 (60.6%) and 3.8 mm...

Methods : Prospective multicenter non-randomized c...

The CBCT was performed using a 3DX Multi-Image Micro CT FPD 8 system (J. MORITA MFG., Kyoto, Japan) (tube voltage, 80 kV; imaging area, 80 × 80 mm), and voxel values were measured with coDiagnostix™ 9.7 (dental wings, Montreal, Canada). The voxel values were calculated based on CT images for bone quality diagnosis. Voxel values were measured three times at 12 locations covering the mesial...

Methods : Prospective multicenter non-randomized c...

Implant treatment was performed in accordance with the procedure recommended by the manufacturer, without bone augmentation. A healing abutment was connected to the implant bodies after insertion (implant insertion in one stage method). A total of 17 dentists (treatment experience, 5–35 years; average, 11.5 years) performed all implant treatments in this study. All dentists who performed the i...

Methods : Prospective multicenter non-randomized c...

This prospective study was conducted jointly by Tokyo Dental College (Tokyo, Japan) and Fukuoka Dental College (Fukuoka, Japan) from January to December 2015. All study protocols were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki [21] and were approved by the ethics committees of Tokyo Dental College (approval #416) and Fukuoka Dental College (approval #213). Participants comprised pat...

Background : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between IT and ISQ at implant treatment using the current rough surfaced implant. We evaluated the implant treatment sites with implant stability quotient (ISQ) values, IT values, and voxel values. We assumed that there is relevance between the insertion torque value and the ISQ value.

Background : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

Dental implant treatments have improved in both convenience and predictability with refinements in implant bodies and treatment procedures as compared to about 50 years ago when clinical applications were started. Currently, an implant body surface is treated with “rough processing” by sandblasting and acid etching for the purposes of obtaining more reliable osseointegration and shortening tr...

Abstract : Prospective multicenter non-randomized ...

A current implant body surface was treated with “rough processing” by sandblasting and acid etching for the purposes of obtaining more reliable osseointegration and shortening the treatment period. Various reports have examined the healing period with the use of these implant bodies, but a consensus opinion has not yet been obtained. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship be...

Abstract : Prospective multicenter non-randomized ...

A current implant body surface was treated with “rough processing” by sandblasting and acid etching for the purposes of obtaining more reliable osseointegration and shortening the treatment period. Various reports have examined the healing period with the use of these implant bodies, but a consensus opinion has not yet been obtained. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship be...

Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram : Systemic administrat...

Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram

Table 3 Assessment of risk of bias using SYRCLE’...

Risk of bias Study Maïmoun et al. 2010 [29] Li et al. 2010 [32] Li et al. 2012 [33] ...

Table 2 Included studies and the evaluation method...

Study   Tests and overall results Bone mineral density Histomorphometric Biomechanical ...

Table 1 Included studies and sample characteristic...

Study   Sample characteristics Animal model Study groups Treatment start Duration of ...

About this article : Systemic administration of st...

Scardueli, C.R., Bizelli-Silveira, C., Marcantonio, R.A.C. et al. Systemic administration of strontium ranelate to enhance the osseointegration of implants: systematic review of animal studies. Int J Implant Dent 4, 21 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0132-8 Download citation Received: 14 November 2017 Accepted: 23 April 2018 Published: 17 July 2018 DOI: https:/...

Rights and permissions : Systemic administration o...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : Systemic administration of s...

This review was executed in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and no approval by an ethics committee is demanded. All participants consented to publish their information details. Cássio Rocha Scardueli, Carolina Bizelli-Silveira, Rosemary Adriana C. Marcantonio, Elcio Ma...

Author information : Systemic administration of st...

Correspondence to Cassio Rocha Scardueli.

Author information : Systemic administration of st...

Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Cassio Rocha Scardueli, Carolina Bizelli-Silveira & Rubens Spin-Neto Department of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil Cassio Rocha Scardueli, Rosemary Adriana C. Marcantonio & Elcio Marcantonio Jr Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto...

References : Systemic administration of strontium ...

Berardi D, Carlesi T, Rossi F, Calderini M, Volpi R, Perfetti G. Potential applications of biphosphonates in dental surgical implants. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2007;20:455–65. Javed F, Almas K. Osseointegration of dental implants in patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment: a literature review. J Periodontol. 2010;81:479–84. Jonville-Bera A, Autret-Leca E. Ranélate de strontium (Pr...

References : Systemic administration of strontium ...

Marie PJ, Felsenberg D, Brandi ML. How strontium ranelate, via opposite effects on bone resorption and formation, prevents osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:1659–67. Canalis E, Hott M, Deloffre P, Tsouderos Y, Marie PJ. The divalent strontium salt S12911 enhances bone cell replication and bone formation in vitro. Bone. 1996;18:517–23. Peng S, Liu XS, Wang T, Li Z, Zhou G, Luk KD, et al. ...

References : Systemic administration of strontium ...

Arlot ME, Jiang Y, Genant HK, Zhao J, Burt-Pichat B, Roux JP, et al. Histomorphometric and microCT analysis of bone biopsies from postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with strontium ranelate. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23:215–22. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535. J...

References : Systemic administration of strontium ...

Pemmer B, Hofstaetter JG, Meirer F, Smolek S, Wobrauschek P, Simon R, et al. Increased strontium uptake in trabecular bone of ovariectomized calcium-deficient rats treated with strontium ranelate or strontium chloride. J Synchrotron Radiat. 2011;18:835–41. Peng S, Liu XS, Zhou G, Li Z, Luk KD, Guo XE, et al. Osteoprotegerin deficiency attenuates strontium-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenes...

References : Systemic administration of strontium ...

Davies JE. Mechanisms of endosseous integration. Int J Prosthodont. 1998;11:391–401. Davies JE. Understanding peri-implant endosseous healing. J Dent Educ. 2003;67:932–49. Sakka S, Baroudi K, Nassani MZ. Factors associated with early and late failure of dental implants. J Investig Clin Dent. 2012;3:258–61. Bastos AS, Spin-Neto R, Conte-Neto N, Galina K, Boeck-Neto RJ, Marcantonio C, et al...

Abbreviations : Systemic administration of stronti...

Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online Ovariectomy Strontium Strontium ranelate Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation

Conclusions : Systemic administration of strontium...

Based on the few studies included in this systematic review, it is possible to state that the systemic administration of Sr, in the form of SRAN, seems to enhance peri-implant bone quality and implant osseointegration, however, to a moderate extent. Further studies should focus on standardization of the study designs to properly assess the effects of Sr, including parameters such SRAN dose, admini...

Discussion : Systemic administration of strontium ...

The variability in the results of the studies included in this review, may not only relate to SRAN dose, but may somehow relate to differences in the time-period after ovariectomy, before the animals were included in the study, which differed greatly among studies (from 4 to 12 weeks). Although it is already defined in the literature that initial osteoporosis features appear already at 4 weeks a...

Discussion : Systemic administration of strontium ...

All studies included in this review tested the hypothesis that non-radioactive Sr supplementation would enhance implant osseointegration. Overall, the results of the included studies suggest that the systemic Sr administration enhances peri-implant bone quality and implant osseointegration, however to a moderate extent. Positive results regarding implant osseointegration and the quality of peri-im...

Discussion : Systemic administration of strontium ...

Sr is a metabolic trace element closely related to calcium. Sr2+ ions are incorporated into bone by two main mechanisms: (a) a rapid uptake mechanism, dependent on osteoblast activity, whereby Sr2+ becomes absorbed via ion exchange processes with Ca2+ or binding to osteoid proteins, and (b) Sr2+ ions incorporate into the crystal lattice of the bone mineral phase. [34] When Sr2+ is present in highe...

Review : Systemic administration of strontium rane...

In three studies from the same research group, female rats with ovariectomy-induced (OVX) osteoporosis were included [31,32,33]. Although the same research group performed the studies, the results were based on diverse animal populations, as it can be inferred from the studies. Rats receiving a high dose of SRAN (SRANH, 1000 mg/kg/day) showed an increased ratio between bone and total voxels in di...

Review : Systemic administration of strontium rane...

The initial search for publications yielded 578 titles in MEDLINE (PubMed) database, and 152 in Scopus database. After duplicates were removed, there were a total of 553 titles to be screened. After initial screening, using the abstracts and key words, 37 publications remained (31 from PubMed and 6 from Scopus), that potentially met the inclusion criteria. Hand-searching did not reveal any additio...

Material and methods : Systemic administration of ...

Three independent researchers (CRS, CBS, and RSN) conducted data extraction and validity assessment of the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data was extracted focusing on the animal model, study groups, treatment start, duration of the treatment, period of examination, implant specification, evaluation methods, and results (outcomes), according to what was reported in each study (i.e., his...

Material and methods : Systemic administration of ...

This review was executed in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) [26], and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions [27]. Animal studies in which the methodology/results included parameters regarding the use of systemic administration of non-radioactive Sr to enhance the osseointegration of implants and/or the remodeling ...

Introduction : Systemic administration of strontiu...

Thus, the aim of this review was to undertake a systematic review of the literature on the available evidence—deriving from animal studies—on the systemic administration of non-radioactive Sr to enhance the osseointegration of titanium implants and/or the bone regeneration (i.e., remodeling) in association with bone grafting techniques.

Introduction : Systemic administration of strontiu...

Following the trauma induced to the bone tissue during dental implant installation, wound healing involves the fine-tuned coupling of bone resorption and formation [1, 2], which finally leads to the direct bone-to-implant contact, i.e., implant osseointegration [3]. The same biological mechanisms are involved in the wound healing (i.e., remodeling) of a bone defect filled with bone graft and/or bo...

Abstract : Systemic administration of strontium ra...

The literature states that Strontium (Sr) is able to simultaneously stimulate bone formation and suppress bone resorption. Recent animal studies suggest that the systemic administration of Sr, in the form of strontium ranelate (SRAN), would enhance the osseointegration of implants. The purpose of the present study was to undertake a systematic review on animal studies evaluating the systemic admin...

Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram of literature search :...

Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram of literature search Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram of literature search

Table 8 In vivo studies using animal models that ...

Study (year) Sample (size) Treatment group (size) Methodology Parameter ...

Table 7 Clinical studies that investigated the eff...

Study (year) Sample (size) Treatment group (size) Methodology Parameter ...

Table 6 In vitro studies that investigated the eff...

Study (year) Sample Treatment group Methodology Parameter Outco...

Table 5 Items of the ARRIVE Guidelines [18] : The ...

Item Domain 5 Ethical statement 6 Study design ...

Table 4 Quality assessment of the methodology of t...

Study 5 6 7 8 9 ...

Table 3 Quality and bias assessment of human clini...

Study Random sequence generation Allocation concealment Blinding of participants/personnel Blinding of outcome assessment ...

Table 2 Modified CONSORT checklist of items for re...

Item Domain 1 Abstract: structured summary of trial design, methods, results, and conclusions Introduction ...

Table 1 Quality assessment of in vitro studies acc...

Study 1 2 3 4 5 ...

About this article : The effect of non-steroidal a...

Luo, J., Miller, C., Jirjis, T. et al. The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the osteogenic activity in osseointegration: a systematic review. Int J Implant Dent 4, 30 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0141-7 Download citation Received: 22 May 2018 Accepted: 13 July 2018 Published: 09 October 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0141-7

Rights and permissions : The effect of non-steroid...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : The effect of non-steroidal ...

Not applicable Not applicable Jie Denny Luo, Catherine Miller, Tamara Jirjis, Masoud Nasir, and Dileep Sharma declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : The effect of non-steroidal a...

College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia Jie Denny Luo, Tamara Jirjis, Masoud Nasir & Dileep Sharma College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia Catherine Miller You can also search for this author in PubMed...

Acknowledgements : The effect of non-steroidal ant...

The authors acknowledge and are grateful for the help and preparation of manuscript by the supporting research supervisors: Dr. Ernest Jennings and Prof. Alan Nimmo. The systematic review is funded by James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry as part of a Dentistry Honours Research Project. A meta-analysis was not conducted for this systematic review. The critical analysis tables t...

References : The effect of non-steroidal anti-infl...

Winnett B, Tenenbaum HC, Ganss B, Jokstad A. Perioperative use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might impair dental implant osseointegration. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(2):E1–7. Goodman SB, Ma T, Mitsunaga L, Miyanishi K, Genovese MC, Smith RL. Temporal effects of a COX-2-selective NSAID on bone ingrowth. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2005;72((3):279–87. Ribeiro FV, Cesar-Neto JB, Nocit...

References : The effect of non-steroidal anti-infl...

Marquez-Lara A, Hutchinson ID, Nuñez F, Smith TL, Miller AN. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bone-healing: a systematic review of research quality. JBJS Rev. 2016;4(3). https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.RVW.O.00055. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate...

References : The effect of non-steroidal anti-infl...

Salari P, Abdollahi M. Controversial effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on bone: a review. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2009;8(3):169–75. Boursinos LA, Karachalios T, Poultsides L, Malizos KN. Do steroids, conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective Cox-2 inhibitors adversely affect fracture healing? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2009;9(1):44–52. Kaly...

Abbreviations : The effect of non-steroidal anti-i...

Cyclooxygenase Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug/s Prostaglandin Prostaglandin E2

Conclusions : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inf...

The analgesic and therapeutic effects of NSAIDs are achieved by COX-2 inhibition [4]. It is likely that COX inhibition by NSAIDs is detrimental to the bone healing process, given the favourable actions of PG on this process [4]. Osteoblasts have the capacity to produce PGs, where PGE2 is most abundant, through the COX pathway though the evidence asserting that PGs have a direct role in bone healin...

Review : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflamma...

The majority of the included studies revealed a high risk of bias, and conclusions from studies that have a high risk of bias are sufficient to affect interpretation of data [16,17,18]. Publication and selection bias is apparent in several included studies, as the negative effects of NSAIDs on osseointegration can be expected in the studies that administered NSAID at a high concentration and/or fo...

Review : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflamma...

The influence of NSAIDS on bone healing in animal models has been shown to be related to the duration of treatment and drug selectivity [5]. A total of seven studies were identified that investigated the effect of NSAIDs on the osseointegration of titanium implants in animals: mice, rabbits, and rats (Table 8). The duration of treatment is a factor to consider when using NSAIDs, and a study cond...

Review : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflamma...

The effects of NSAIDs on the osteogenic activity of osteoblasts have been extensively studied at the molecular pharmacological level [23]. However, only two studies have been identified that investigated the effect of NSAIDs on osteoblasts attached to titanium surfaces (Table 6). In the study conducted by Boyan et al., their results demonstrated that a non-selective COX inhibitor (indomethacin, 0...

Review : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflamma...

The eligibility and study selection criteria as mentioned above were applied to the 79 full-text articles. A total of 66 studies were excluded after a full-text assessment for the following reasons: The study did not explore the role of COX pathway in osseointegration (n = 26). The effects of NSAIDs on osteoblasts were not investigated on titanium (n = 24). The study was a systematic re...

Review : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflamma...

The full-text manuscripts of included studies were catalogued into in vitro, clinical, and in vivo studies. The data from the included studies were independently extracted by the primary (JDL) and the second reviewer (TJ) according to the “Data items” section as listed below. Disagreements or uncertainties were discussed with the third reviewer (MN) until an agreement was reached. The data co...

Review : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflamma...

An electronic search into four databases: Ovid, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to systematically identify the available literature. Articles published between January 1, 1999, and July 7, 2018, were considered. The focus question, used to guide the search strategy, according to the PICO schema is “Will variables such as the dosage, duration of administration, and selectivity o...

Review : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflamma...

Cyclooxygenases have an important role in the production of PGs where these enzymes in bone tissues show increased activity under the influence of hypoxia-inducible factors [6, 11]. Therefore, local activity of COX enzymes promotes bone formation and resorption through the production of PGs [12]. Non-selective NSAIDs are reported to inhibit the activity of COX-1 equally, if not more than COX-2 [2]...

Review : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflamma...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of drugs with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. They are commonly used in dentistry for management of dental pain associated with inflammation. NSAIDs exert their effects through the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, therefore interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes; PGs and ...

Abstract : The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflam...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used in implant dentistry for management of post-operative pain. The objective of this systematic review was to analyse the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the osteogenic activity of osteoblasts with an emphasis on its effect on osseointegration. A systematic literature search for in vitro, animal models, and clinical trials was...

Figure 6. BIC percentage measured with ImageJ anal...

  Figure 6. BIC percentage measured with ImageJ analysis software

Figure 5. Time arrow about the stages of the study

  Figure 5. Time arrow about the stages of the study

Figure 4. A 2-month period was allowed for plaque ...

  Figure 4. A 2-month period was allowed for plaque retention and peri-implantitis

Figure 3. Silk ligatures placed in a submarginal p...

Figure 3. Silk ligatures placed in a submarginal position around the implants

Figure 2. Edentulous posterior mandible of the dog...

Figure 2. Edentulous posterior mandible of the dog at 3 months after tooth extraction  

Figure 1. Flowchart of the research design employe...

  Figure 1. Flowchart of the research design employed in the study. *Three dogs were used in each group 1 and 2. Three implants were inserted right side of the mandibles. After peri-implantitis period, extracted implants were inserted into the left side of the mandibles. **Two dogs were used in each group 3 and 4. Six failed implants from human inserted into the one dog’s mandible bilaterall...

Table 3 Inter- and intra-group ISQ analysis and me...

Table 3 Inter- and intra-group ISQ analysis and measurements on day of surgery and at 3-month follow-up     Mean ± SDISQ day 0 Mean ± SDISQ at 3 month p Group 1 69.33 ± 8.48 77.77 ± 1.78 .019 Group 2 68.88 ± 5.90 79.44 ± 2.55 .001* Group 3 71.77 ± 5.71 75.11 ± 5.84 .366 Group 4 70.44 ± 5.15 79.12 ± 4...

Table 2 Comparison of BIC percentages of 3 mm cres...

Table 2 Comparison of BIC percentages of 3 mm crestal area of the implants at 3-month follow-up Group 1[Mean ± SD] Group 2[Mean ± SD] Group3[Mean ± SD] Group 4[Mean ± SD] p 77.67 ± 5.03 75.28 ± 10.65 71.86 ± 8.34 80.63 ± 5.58 .144*

Table 1 Comparison of BIC percentages of over the ...

Group 1[Mean ± SD] Group 2[Mean ± SD] Group3[Mean ± SD] Group 4[Mean± SD] p 83.39 ± 6.37 79.93 ± 11.83 75.45 ± 9.09 80.53 ± 5.22 290*

Discussion : Reusing dental implants (3)

Levin et al. conducted a similar study and investigated the success rate of retrieved dental implants that were re-implanted into dogs. The infected implants were re-implanted into dog jaws without any chemical or mechanical cleaning and the authors reported that there was no difference in terms of BIC percentage between the infected/reinserted and new dental implants after a...

Discussion : Reusing dental implants (2)

Levin et al. conducted a similar study and investigated the success rate of retrieved dental implants that were re-implanted into dogs. The infected implants were re-implanted into dog jaws without any chemical or mechanical cleaning and the authors reported that there was no difference in terms of BIC percentage between the infected/reinserted and new dental implants after an appropriate he...

Discussion : Reusing dental implants (1)

Discussion Approximately two million new dental implants are inserted per year around the world and tens of millions of implants are still in use. Moreover, it is estimated that approximately 200,000–250,000 implants are removed every year. Peri-implantitis is the major cause of the implant retrieval and also the most common complication caused by implant surgery. Mombelli et al. reported...

Results : Reusing dental implants

Results The experimental period and the laboratory workup of the study were unremarkable. Surgical operations were uneventful and the post-operative healing periods were completed with no complications. Histologic analysis and the ISQ values indicated that osseointegration was achieved in all the implants. Histomorphometric analysis Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that adequate bone f...

Methods : Reusing dental implants (4)

Removal and preparation of the implant-bone specimens The implants with a neighboring bone were removed en bloc, and the adhesive soft tissues were dissected to investigate the healing status and the bone-implant contact (BIC) percentage. The specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48 h and dehydrated in subsequent concentrations of 70–99.9% ethanol. After dehydration, the sp...

Methods : Reusing dental implants (3)

Subsequently, the implant surfaces were rinsed with sterile saline solution and then all the implants were inserted in the contralateral side of the mandible of the same dog. After a 3-month osseointegration period, the animals were sacrificed with a high dose of pentobarbital (i.v.). In group 2, the same procedures were applied as in group 1. However, unlike the implants in group 1, the implants...

Methods : Reusing dental implants (2)

Infiltration anesthesia with 2% articaine (Ultracaine DS, Sanofi Aventis Drugs, Istanbul, Turkey) was applied to the premolar area for hemostasis and for post-operative pain control. A full-thickness vestibular flap was elevated gently, and surgical tooth extraction was performed using surgical burs with straight elevators. Surgical wounds were closed with 3/0 vicryl sutures and streptomycin 0.5 g...

Methods : Reusing dental implants (1)

Methods Research design This in vivo study had a comparative, randomized, prospective research design, and each group consisted of 10 male beagle dogs that were veterinarian-controlled, healthy, and of similar weight. Animal Research Reporting in Vivo Experiment (ARRIVE) guidelines were used, and surgical procedure was approved by the Local Animal Experiments Ethical Committee of Erciyes Unive...

Background : Reusing dental implants

Background Branemark et al. conducted the first experimental trial with titanium dental implants and created a new vision by defining the term “osseointegration” in the 1960s. Despite the advances in implant technology and protocols and the accumulating evidence in the literature, implant failure/loss may still occur due to several reasons. On the other hand, although dental implant therapy...

Reusing dental implants

Reusing dental implants: an experimental study for detecting the success rates of re-osseointegration   Abstract Background The aim of this study was to histomorphometrically compare the implant-host integration between retrieved implants and new implants. Methods Jaws in 10 male beagle dogs were divided into four groups, and 36 dental implants were inserted into the jaws. In groups 1 and...

Table 1 Implant characteristics—insertion region...

Patient Implant region(FDI) Implant parameters Dimensions of implantDiameter [mm]/length [mm] Explantation[Days after placement] 1 3637 First placementStraumannRN SLactive®(TiZr) First placementØ: 4.1; L: 10Ø: 4.1; L: 8 3   3637 Second placementStraumannTissue level(TiZr) Second placementØ :4.1, L: 8Ø :4.1, L: 8 3   36 Third placementConelog ScrewLine(...

Figure 2. a Patient 2. Postoperative orthopantomo...

  Figure 2. a Patient 2. Postoperative orthopantomogram one day after implant placement. b Patient 2. Postoperative orthopantomogram after second Implant placement

Figure 1. a Patient 1. Post grafting orthopantomo...

  Figure 1. a Patient 1. Post grafting orthopantomogram. The bone block was secured with a single microscrew. b Patient 1. The radiograph demonstrates veritable inserted Straumann bone level implants after the first implant placement (1 day after implant placement). A peri-implant osteolysis is not visible. c Patient 1. Postoperative orthopantomogram (1 day after implant placement) afte...

References : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

References Esposito M, Thomsen P, Ericson LE, Lekholm U. Histopathologic observations on early oral implant failures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:798–810. Olmedo-Gaya MV, Manzano-Moreno FJ, Cañaveral-Cavero E, de Dios Luna-Del Castillo J, Vallecillo-Capilla M. Risk factors associated with early implant failure: a 5-year retrospective clinical study. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115...

Discussion : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

However, a synergistic effect with other factors is conceivable. Some authors stated that implant osseointegration is not simply a wound healing phenomenon but rather complex foreign body reaction with activation of the immune system. Titanium and metal particle release is discussed as cause for implant failure as well as implant dentistry. It is assumed that metal particles influence the ma...

Discussion : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

However, a present human study cannot confirm an effect due to vitamin D supplementation on bone formation or graft resorption after maxillary sinus augmentation. Satue et al. found a positive influence of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), the precursor of vitamin D, coated implants on osteoblast differentiation in vitro. But whether vitamin D-coated dental implants have an effect of osseo...

Discussion : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

Discussion This article demonstrated that implant placement was successful after vitamin D supplementation in patients with vitamin D deficiency and early failed implants. None of the patients showed systemic disease or did take regular medication, alcohol, nicotine, or drugs. The patients were not immunosuppressed, irradiated, or received chemotherapy. All implants were inserted with the s...

Case presentation : Vitamin D deficiency in early ...

After vitamin D supplementation and a healing period of 6 months, a third surgical intervention was planned and one implant (Conelog ScrewLine) was inserted in region 36 (see Table 1 and Fig. 1d). During implant placement, the former explantation site appeared clinically fully re-ossified. The patient received an intraoperative intravenous single-dose antibiotic therapy with Isocillin 1.2 mega. At...

Case presentation : Vitamin D deficiency in early ...

  Patient The medical history of this 48-year-old male patient showed a high blood pressure; otherwise, the patient was healthy. A successfully completed periodontal therapy was done before implant therapy. The patient demonstrated stable marginal bone levels. Autologous retromolar bone grafting using local anesthesia was performed in the left mandible (see Fig. 1a). This patient received a pos...

Case presentation : Vitamin D deficiency in early ...

Case presentation Patients and surgical procedure Patients treated consecutively in one center (Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg). None of the patients showed systemic disease. Both patients did not take regular medication and were negative for alcohol, nicotine, and drug use. Bothe male patients (48 and 51 years of age) were not immunosu...

Background : Vitamin D deficiency in early implant...

Background Long-term stable osseointegrated implants are the primary goal in dental implantology. Although dental implants have proven clinical reliable in the long term, the failure of implants at a very early stage of osseointegration has been described. The pursuit to identify the mechanisms leading to early implant failure is ongoing to date and include the following: tobacco usage, diabete...

Vitamin D deficiency in early implant failure: two...

Abstract An association between vitamin D deficiency and early dental implant failure is not properly verified, but its role in osteoimmunology is discussed. This article illustrates two case reports with vitamin D deficiency and early implant failure. Prior to implant placement, the first patient received crestal bone grafting with autologous material. Both patients received dental implants fr...

Figure 8. There were moderately significant and po...

    Figure 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)

Figure 7. Comparison between biomarker levels & IS...

  Figure 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Figure 6. There were weakly significant and positi...

  Figure 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values

Figure 5. Change in the median values of the OC le...

  Figure 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Figure 4. Change in the median values of the ALP l...

  Figure 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement

Figure 3. Change in the median values

    Figure 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)

Figure 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time

  Figure 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Figure 1. Timeline of the clinical study

  Figure 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) ALP level  (nM/μg protein)   Tooth (control) 175 (215) 203 (308) 148 (269) 143 (112) 266 (427) 145 (96) 181 (148) 191 (263) 107 (128)   Implant (test) 230 (238) 139 (139) 157 (293) 108 (134) 166 (434) 179 (251) 147 (...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) CF volume (μl)  Tooth (control) 0.20 (0.23) 0.26 (0.25) 0.19 (0.20) 0.19 (0.50) 0.17 (0.33) 0.18 (0.08) 0.13 (0.24) 0.23 (0.42) 0.20 (0.17)  Implant (test) 0.26 (0.30) 0.25 (0.41) 0.16 (0.21) 0.17 (0.19) 0.18 (0.33) 0.13 (0.14) ...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Mean ISQ values 77.0 ± 1.32 65.6 ± 2.70a 70.5 ± 2.03a 72.1 ± 1.64a 74.2 ± 1.65 76.1 ± 1.33 78.1 ± 1.38 78.2 ± 1.32 79.6 ± 1.06 Gender  Male (n = 3) 77.0 ± 0.58 59.7 ± 4.62 71.7 ± 3.24 75.0 ± 1.89 7...

Table 2 Profile of patients

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 Female 46 3 2 38 Female 36 3 3 43 Female 37 3 4 64 Male 46 2 5 30 Female 47 3 6 48 Female 36 2 7 57 Male 36 3 8 28 Female 46 3 9 33 Male 46 2 10 49 Female 46 3

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participate in this study History of bone augmentation at the implant site in the past 6 months No systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, etc.) History of tooth extraction at the implant site in the past 6 months ...

Reference : Relation between the stability of dent...

References Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelle...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Regarding the relationship between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels, although the ISQ values were weakly correlated with the bone markers (r = 0.226 for ALP level and r = 0.245 for OC level, P = 0.05), there were significant and positive correlations between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. These results are in harmony with the ...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

That study showed that PICF volume decreased significantly from week 1 to week 3. Alteration of the gingival fluid volume and contents occur according to the condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth. The presence of inflammation increases the gingival fluid volume. Also, changes in peri-implant crevicular fluid contents and volume result from the condition of the peri-implant tis...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Discussion The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Results Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of t...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The color in the wells changed from blue to yellow. After that, the color solution in each well was measured at 450/540 nm within 30 min. The OC level in each sample was calculated from a standard curve and normalized by total protein. The level of the ALP activity was measured by colorimetric analysis. Briefly, 80 μl of sample solution were added into each well of a 96-well microplate, and t...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

  Sample preparation and analysis GCF/PICF in the Periopaper strip was eluted by adding 320 μl quantity of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the sample tube and incubated at 4 °C, overnight. The eluted protein solution from each gingival fluid sample was used for the biochemical analysis. Total protein in the gingival fluid sample was measured by the Bradford analysis. Briefly, a 10 μl...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

  RFA assessments At implant placement and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks, RFA assessments were performed using the Osstell® ISQ (Integration Diagnostics AB, Goteborg, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A Smartpeg™ (type 47) (Integration Diagnostics AB) was screwed to the implant using a Smartpeg mount. After Smartpeg mount removal, the RFA assessment was perf...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Methods The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Patients Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated ...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

The second phenomenon is contact osteogenesis, in which bone formation takes place from the implant surface toward the local bone. This osteogenesis consists of the early phase of osteogenic cell migration, osteoconduction, and de novo bone formation. The de novo bone formation at a solid surface has four stages. The first stage is secretion of the two noncollagenous proteins, osteopontin, and bon...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Background Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time. The primary stability c...

Relation between the stability of dental implants ...

Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study Abstract Objectives The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (R...

Figure 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-...

  Figure 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown

Figure 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic ...

  Figure 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory

Figure 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of ...

  Figure 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view

Figure 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic ...

  Figure 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)

Figure 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration prev...

Figure 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment

Discussion : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

To avoid exceeding the adaptive limits of the bone and maintain the proper stimulation of mechanical stress that will keep the bone vital, PEEK components seem a viable alternative to obtaining a similar modulus to that of cortical bone. In this way, bone could be stimulated, favouring remodelling without overload. It would concentrate the load by absorbing and distributing the same. Its cap...

Discussion : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Discussion Intraoral conditions (saliva pH, acidic drinks, bacterial plaque, etc.) interact with metals, increasing corrosion, a phenomenon that also affects titanium implants. Amongst other reasons, this is whereby patients increasingly request the use of materials free of metallic alloys. In response to this growing demand, zirconia implants are considered an alternative, due to their low...

Case : Zirconia implants and peek restorations for...

Case presentation A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years...

Background : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Background In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium, which are still the most popular. The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials. An example of this is zirconia-based...

Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the re...

Abstract Background One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties. Case presentation A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record...

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the experimental...

BIC 3M™ ESPE™ MDIs Ankylos® Friadent (Dentsply) Median 58.5 57 Mean 57 56.5 Interquartile range 8 5.5 First quartile 53.25 53.75 Third quartile 61.25 59.25

Table 1 Comparison of % BIC in both groups

Sample 3M™ESPE™ MDIs Ankylos® 1. 67 54 2. 59 67 3. 54 45 4. 51 58 5. 47 57 6. 64 49 7. 50 54 8. 60 56 9. 56 60 10. 61 53 11. 62 59 12. 61 55 13. 59 59 14. 45 51 15. 58 59 16. 54 62 17. 66 62 18. 56 57  

Figure 6. Micro CT scan images of the MDIs and Ank...

  Figure 6. Micro CT scan images of the MDIs and Ankylos® embedded in rabbit bone 6 weeks post implantation

Figure 5. Histological section of standard implant...

Figure 5. Histological section of standard implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin  

Figure 4. Histological section of mini dental impl...

  Figure 4. Histological section of mini dental implant in rabbit tibia stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin

Figure 3. Histological sections being obtained wit...

Figure 3. Histological sections being obtained with Leica SP 1600 saw microtome

Figure 2. Leica SP 1600 saw microtome

Figure 2. Leica SP 1600 saw microtome

Figure 1. Radiograph showing implants in the rabbi...

  Figure 1. Radiograph showing implants in the rabbit tibia

Discussion : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Our study is also in concordance with the results of a removal torque study by Simon et al. in immediately loaded “transitional endosseous implants” in humans. The percentage BIC for MDIs was similar to standard implants. The surface topography also affects the BIC, Wennerberg et al. measured and compared removal torque values on screw-shaped titanium implants with three surface types. ...

Discussion : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Discussion The osseointegration potential of 3M™ESPE™ MDIs has not been studied. The MDI is a one-piece implant that simplifies the restorative phase resulting in a reduced cost for the patient. Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Ti 6Al-4V-ELI) is used for increased strength. The success of these implants led to its use in long-term fixed and removable dental prostheses. Conventional imp...

Results : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

Results Clinical findings On the whole, postoperative wound healing in all the rabbits was good. None of them exhibited any signs of wound infection or exposure. A total of 36 specimens were retrieved for histological examination. Histological observations All of the implants in both groups showed osseointegration and displayed a good amount of bone contact length (Figs. 4 an...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

The built-in water cooling device prevents overheating of the object and removes saw dust from the cutting edge and thus prolongs the lift time of the saw blade. The most favorable feed rate was determined (Fig. 3). After trimming, the first undefined slice was removed from the saw blade. The desired section thickness was selected, considering the thickness of the saw blade and added to the desire...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

  Sample preparation for embedding The specimens were dehydrated in the ascending graded ethanol solution and kept in a pre-filtration solution for 3 h at room temperature and then in the filtration solution at 4 °C for 17 h. The specimens were then embedded in a light curing resin Technovit 9100 NEW (Kulzer & Co., Wehrheim, Germany) polymerization system based on methyl methacrylate, speci...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

The skin was sutured to a primary closer with the same suture material. Radiograph Plain X-ray images of all the rabbit tibia were taken after suturing to confirm the position of implants and to detect any injury/fracture of the bone (Fig. 1). Post surgical treatment After the surgical procedure, the animals were housed in a cage under the supervision of a veterinary doctor until they came out...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

After mobilizing the mucoperiosteal flap, the 3-mm center punch was used to register a guide for the twist drill. The twist drill was used to establish the axial alignment of the implant and to assist in the guidance of the depth drill. The depth drills were sequentially used to create osteotomy to the subcrestal axial depth of 0.5 mm. The conical reamer was used to develop the conical shape of t...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

Antiseptic skin preparation was done starting at the center of the surgical site and moved to the outside of the prepared area in a circular manner. Three scrubs with 2% chlorhexidine solution and three alternating rinses with alcohol were performed. The animal was draped and fixed with clamps on a sterile, impermeable covering to isolate the disinfected area. This was performed by the gloved and ...

Methods : Osseointegration of standard and mini de...

Methods Animal model Nine clinically healthy New Zealand white rabbits weighing 3.5 kg and more were used for the study, and the animals were housed in the central animal house facility. The head of tibia/femur of the animals were used for the implantation of samples. Rabbits’ tibiae and femur have been widely used as an animal model by various other authors to study osseointegration of dent...

Background : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Considerable confusion exists in the literature regarding the best method to monitor the status of a dental implant. Various methods have been used to demonstrate the osseointegration of dental implants. A common and time-tested method to evaluate biological responses to an implant is to measure the extent of bone implant contact (BIC), referred to as histomorphometry at the light microscopic leve...

Background : Osseointegration of standard and mini...

Background The term “osseointegration” was first introduced to explain the phenomenon for stable fixation of titanium to bone by Brånemark et al. in the 1960s. Osseointegrated implants were introduced, a new era in oral rehabilitation began, and many studies were conducted. A success rate of over 90% has been reported. Further, a success rate of 81% in the maxillary bone and 91% in the man...

Osseointegration of standard and mini dental impla...

Abstract Background Mini dental implants (MDIs) are becoming increasingly popular for rehabilitation of edentulous patients because of their several advantages. However, there is a lack of evidence on the osseointegration potential of the MDIs. The objective of the study was to histomorphometrically evaluate and compare bone apposition on the surface of MDIs and standard implants in a rabbit m...

Table 2 Result of IT and ISQ

Number of implants Insertion torque value (N cm) Implant stability quotient value 0 week 2 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 12 weeks 1 25 33.0 75.0 77.0 78.3 79.7 77.0 2 40 68.0 70.3 70.0 72.0 75.7 75.3 3 40 78.3 77.0 78.0 78.7 80.0 80.0 4 35 74.0 43.0 61.0 73.0 75.7 80.0 5 45 85.3 85.7 84.0 83.3 84.0 83.0 6...

Table 1 Treatment area and size of implant body

Number of implants Treatment area (FDI) Size of implant (mm) Length Diameter 1 14 10 3.8 2 14 10 3.8 3 14 10 3.8 4 16 8 3.8 5 16 10 4.4 6 16 8 4.4 7 16 8 4.4 8 17 10 4.4 9 36 10 3.8 10 36 10 4.4 11 36 8 3.8 12 36 10 3.8 13 36 12 4.4 14 36 10 4.4 15 36 10 4.4 ...

Figure 9. The comparison of two groups at average ...

Figure 9. The comparison of two groups at average voxel values for each part. The comparison of voxel values by insertion torque. All specimens were classified into two groups by insertion torque

Figure 8. The relationship between average voxel v...

  Figure 8. The relationship between average voxel value and insertion torque (averaged over the entire treatment area). The comparison of average voxel value among IT groups. Average voxel value was 384.0 ± 154.6 in the low IT group, 387.7 ± 147.7 in the medium IT group, and 619.2 ± 200.4 in the high IT group

Figure 7. The average voxel value between the maxi...

  Figure 7. The average voxel value between the maxilla and mandible. There was no difference between the maxilla (430.9 ± 211.6) and the mandible (475.6 ± 211.5) in the average voxel value. Also, no difference was found in each part

Figure 6. The relationship between ISQ and inserti...

    Figure 6. The relationship between ISQ and insertion torque. Percentage of specimens showing ISQ ≥ 73 compared with groups by week. In all groups, a period of rapidly increasing percentages was observed (8–12 weeks in the low IT group, 4–6 weeks in the medium and high IT groups). In the medium and high IT Group, a statistically significant difference was observed between ISQ ...

Figure 5. The comparison of ISQ values by the inse...

  Figure 5. The comparison of ISQ values by the insertion torque. Time-lapse migration of ISQ values was compared with IT groups. Each IT group displayed similar migration. A significant difference in The ISQ was found in the low IT group after 8 weeks  

Figure 4. The classification of the insertion torq...

  Figure 4. The classification of the insertion torque. All specimens classified into three groups according to insertion torque. Criteria for the classification are shown in the figure and in the “Methods” section

Figure 3. The evaluation of the average ISQ. Time-...

    Figure 3. The evaluation of the average ISQ. Time-lapse migration of average ISQ. Average ISQ of all specimens increased in a time-dependent manner (results indicated by a line). A significant difference was observed by 6 weeks after surgery

Figure 2. The measurement of the voxel values

  Figure 2. The measurement of the voxel values. A case of bone quality diagnosis before treatment. Width and height of the bone were measured to select the proper size of the implant body. The selected implant body was simulated on the bone images as a symbol, and then the voxel value was calculated as described in the "Method" section

Figure 1. Genesio® Plus implant with Aanchor surf...

  Figure 1. Genesio® Plus implant with Aanchor surface. Scheme of the dental implant body for the Genesio® Plus implants with Aanchor surface used. a Overview picture of Genesio® Plus implants with Aanchor surface. b Image from scanning electron microscopy. Both pictures were provided by GC Corporation. To obtain osseointegration from an early stage, the dental implant body was treated...

Discussion : intraosseous stability and healing pe...

According to the measurement of the average voxel values in this study, a significant difference was seen between the high IT group and the low/medium IT group, but no significant difference was found between the low and medium IT groups (Fig. 7). Specimens showing IT ≥ 40 N cm were thought to have a good bone quality, and voxel values at each part of the implant (neck, middle apex) were...

Discussion : intraosseous stability and healing pe...

A bone quality of the treated area may affect primary stability as described above, preoperative analysis of bone quality is important for clarifying the primary stability of dental implants. This study analyzed bone quality using voxel values obtained using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data from CBCT. According to the result of that analysis, it was...

Discussion : intraosseous stability and healing pe...

A significant difference was observed between 0 and ≥ 8 weeks (Fig. 5). The ISQ did not change significantly during the experimental period in the medium or high IT groups, but the percentage of high ISQ (≥ 73) specimens was significantly higher at 4 to 6 weeks compared to other time periods in both groups (Figs. 5 and 6). The results in this study suggest that if the...

Discussion : intraosseous stability and healing pe...

Other studies have suggested that ISQ immediately after implant insertion should be about 60, with ISQ subsequently decreasing over weeks 0–4 and increasing over weeks 4–8 after surgery. ISQ values 57–70 may indicate that intraosseous stability of the implant body is constant. Increases or decreases of ISQ values are explained as follows: The inserted dental implant bo...

Discussion : intraosseous stability and healing pe...

The insertion torque value in this study showed broader (10 to 50 N cm) than the previous publication (Table 2), and the cause of reasons for the difference are as follows: Primary stability may be affected by the bone quantity and bone quality in the treatment area, the micro- and macro-level design of the implant body, and the accuracy of the surgical technique. In this ...

Discussion : intraosseous stability and healing pe...

Discussion According to the previous literature, the obtaining osseointegration is integral to the intraosseous stability of the implant body during the healing period; moreover, the importance of postoperative assessment of the intraosseous stability of the implant has also been reported. Intraosseous stability of the implant body is evaluated immediately after the implant ...

Results : intraosseous stability and healing perio...

Average ISQ tended to increase during the healing period in all IT groups (Fig. 5). Average ISQ of the low IT group was 59.81 at 0 week, increasing significantly after ≥ 8 weeks (P 

Methods : Prospective multicenter non-randomized c...

Methods Research design and study participants This prospective study was conducted jointly by Tokyo Dental College (Tokyo, Japan) and Fukuoka Dental College (Fukuoka, Japan) from January to December 2015. All study protocols were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the ethics committees of Tokyo Dental College (approval #416) and Fukuoka Dental Colle...

Results : intraosseous stability and healing perio...

Results Study overview A total of 33 implant bodies (8 in the maxilla, 25 in the mandible) were inserted into the 27 participants (11 men, 16 women), with the average age of 54.6 ± 12.2 years (range, 32–78 years). The average IT value was 32.7 ± 9.2 N cm (32.5 ± 11.6 N cm in the maxilla, 32.8 ± 8.5 N cm in the mandible). The diameter of the implant body wa...

Methods : Prospective multicenter non-randomized c...

Methods Research design and study participants This prospective study was conducted jointly by Tokyo Dental College (Tokyo, Japan) and Fukuoka Dental College (Fukuoka, Japan) from January to December 2015. All study protocols were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the ethics committees of Tokyo Dental College (approval #416) and Fuku...

Background : Prospective multicenter non-randomize...

Background Dental implant treatments have improved in both convenience and predictability with refinements in implant bodies and treatment procedures as compared to about 50 years ago when clinical applications were started. Currently, an implant body surface is treated with “rough processing” by sandblasting and acid etching for the purposes of obtaining more reliable osseo...

Prospective multicenter non-randomized controlled ...

Abstract Background A current implant body surface was treated with “rough processing” by sandblasting and acid etching for the purposes of obtaining more reliable osseointegration and shortening the treatment period. Various reports have examined the healing period with the use of these implant bodies, but a consensus opinion has not yet been obtained. The purpose of this study is to eval...

Pengukuran tulang : kesarasan peri-implant

Pengukuran tulang (bone sounding) Bone sounding atau transmucosal sounding (TS) adalah pengukuran yang digunakan untuk menentukan ketinggian seluruh cuff (manset) jaringan lunak  pada berbagai kelompok gigi dan implant. Matra mukosa peri-implan dan gingiva pada letak gigi yang berdekatan dipelajari dengan pengukuran klinis yang dilakukan terutama pada subjek edentulous sebagian yang telah dirawa...

Major differences between healthy peri-implant & p...

The implant device lacks tooth characteristic structures such as root cementum, periodontal ligament, and bundle bone (alveolar bone proper). The dento‐alveolar and the dento‐gingival fiber bundles connect the soft tissues with the tooth (root cementum), while no such fiber bundles are apparent in the peri‐implant tissues. At periodontally healthy sites, the margin of the gingiva follow...

Bone tissue around implants

Bone tissue in the edentulous ridge In a study involving partially edentulous subjects, hard tissue biopsies were sampled from the maxilla and the mandible with the use of trephine drills. The bone tissue was found to include a blend of mainly lamellar bone (46%) and bone marrow (23%) with less amounts of fibrous (12%) and osteoid (4%) tissue. Bone marrow was the dominant tissu...

Keratinized mucosa : peri-implant health

KERATINIZED MUCOSA (KM) Keratinized mucosa is a term used to describe the masticatory mucosa that is present at many, but not all, implant sites. Keratinized mucosa extends from the margin of the peri‐implant mucosa to the movable lining (oral) mucosa. Keratinized mucosa is comprised of a lamina propria (fibrous connective tissue that contains fibroblasts and equal amounts of ty...

Bone sounding : peri-implant health

BONE SOUNDING Bone sounding or transmucosal sounding (TS) is a measurement that is used to determine the height of the entire soft tissue cuff at various groups of teeth and implants. The dimensions of the peri‐implant mucosa and the gingiva at adjacent tooth sites was studied by clinical measurements performed mainly in partially edentulous subjects who had been treated with im...

Peri-implant tissues in clinical health : peri-imp...

PERI‐IMPLANT TISSUES IN CLINICAL HEALTH The gingiva and the peri‐implant mucosa and their adhesion (seal) are consistently challenged by the oral environment, including the steady exposure to microorganisms in the biofilm present on the tooth and implant surfaces. In the clinically normal peri‐implant mucosa (and gingiva), the continuous host response includes both vascular ...

Dimension of the peri-implant mucosa : peri-implan...

Animal studies The dimension of the peri‐implant mucosa, often called the biological width or dimension, was examined in biopsies mainly obtained from studies in dogs. Such measurements disclosed that a certain width of soft tissue may be required to cover the peri‐implant bone. The studies referred to the length of the epithelium (from the peri‐implant mucosa margin to the...

Morphogenesis of the mucosal adhesion : peri-impla...

The formation of the mucosal adhesion was studied in a dog model. One‐piece implant devices were placed in the edentulous mandible of dogs, and healing was monitored using light microscopic examination of biopsies sampled at different intervals during a 3‐month period. In the initial phase of the wound between the implant and cut connective tissue, a fibrin clot/coagulum formed that was inf...

Peri‐implant mucosa: peri-implant health

PERI‐IMPLANT MUCOSA Most information regarding the structural features of the peri‐implant mucosa is derived from animal studies using dog models. In such studies implants were placed in the edentulous ridge (alternatively, the fresh extraction socket), the outer osseous part of which was covered with masticatory mucosa. It was also shown that the healed peri‐implant mucosa on the buccal a...

Introduction: Peri‐implant health

Peri‐implant tissues are those that occur around osseointegrated dental implants. They are divided into soft and hard tissue compartments. The soft tissue compartment is denoted “peri‐implant mucosa” and is formed during the wound healing process that follows implant/abutment placement. The hard tissue compartment forms a contact relationship to the implant surface to secure implant stab...

Peri‐implant health

Abstract Objective The aim is to define clinical and histologic characteristics of peri‐implant tissues in health and describe the mucosa–implant interface. Importance An understanding of the characteristics of healthy peri‐implant tissues facilitates the recognition of disease (i.e., departure from health). Findings The healthy peri‐implant mucosa is, at the microscopic ...

Weton: Implant gigi PEEK

Weton Pencarian metuken 5 artikel. Tiga di antaranya disertakan dalam tinjauan.11, 34, 35 Dua artikel dikecualikan karena tidak melaporkan tentang implant gigi PEEK.36, 37 Dari artikel yang disertakan, 2 artikel melaporkan penelitian pada sato34, 35 dan 1 artikel melaporkan tentang penelitian elemen terbatas in vitro.11 Tujuan dari penelitian elemen terbatas 3 dimensi ini adalah untuk membandin...

Conclusion: PEEK Dental Implants

Conclusion Literature reporting on dental implants made from PEEK demonstrate that PEEK is basically osseointegrated as biocompatible material in vivo. Further investigations are necessary to find ways to improve the biomechanical behavior to achieve a more homogenous stress distribution to the surrounding bone, which has not yet been experimentally proven. Long-term investigation...

Table 4. Differences in the mean insertion depths

Table 4. Differences in the mean insertion depths between submerged and nonsubmerged implants from Table 3    Nonsubmerged implants, mean insertion depths from Table 3, mm Submerged implants, mean insertion depths from Table 3, mm Differences in the Mean Insertion Depths, mm* Zirconia -2.15 -2.62 +0.47 Coated zirconia -2.56 -2.25 -0.31 Titanium ...

Table 3. Mean values of bone-related and implant-r...

Table 3. Mean values of bone-related and implant-related bone level (BL) (Koch et al) and the mean insertion depths   Mean bone-related BL, mm Mean implant-related BL, mm Mean insertion depth, mm Nonsubmerged       Zirconia -0.53 -1.62 -2.15 Coated zirconia -0.59 -1.97 -2.56 Titanium -0.37 -1.65 -2.02 PEEK -1.3 -0.44 -1.74 Submerged ...

Discussion: PEEK Dental Implants

Discussion Referring to a 3-dimensional finite element analysis of a CFR-PEEK and a titanium implant (Table 1), the authors concluded that due to its higher stress concentrations, the CFR-PEEK implant could not be recommended.11 This deformation rate could probably be diminished by an inner stiffening of the implant, for example, by an abutment connection bolt which extends to the apical region ...

Table 2. Overview of 2 in vivo animal investigatio...

Table 2. Overview of 2 in vivo animal investigations Author Cook and Rust-Dawicki Year of publication 1995 Number of animals 4 (mongrel dogs) Number of implants 40 Number of implants/ animal 10 Implantation site Femur Healing period 4 weeks (n = 2); 8 weeks (n = 2) Implant design Cylindrical Healing method Submerged/ unloaded Implant mat...

Table 1: Overview of an in vitro 3-dimensional fin...

Author Sarot et al Year of publication 2009 Implantation site Virtual 3-dimensional model of a lower jawa of region 35, based on a randomly chosen computerized tomography scan with a total of 212 transversal slices wit 0.25 mm in length, consisting of medullar bone covered by a 1.0-mm thick layer of cortical bone, designed with the software Ansys DesignModeler v11 (ANSYS Inc...

Result: PEEK Dental Implants

Results The search yielded 5 articles, of which 3 were included in the review.11, 34, 35 Two articles were excluded, because they did not report on dental implants of PEEK.36, 37 Of the included articles, 2 reported on animal investigations34, 35 and 1 on an in vitro finite element study.11 The aim of the 3-dimensional finite element study was to compare the stress distribution to the peri-impl...

Material & methods: PEEK Dental Implants

Materials and Methods Literature search The articles for the current review were found using the PubMed search engine and searching for references cited within these articles. All articles published until December 2010 were reviewed. The following search terms were used together: “dental implant PEEK.” Inclusion criteria Only articles about dental implants from PEEK or modified PEEK publis...

Introduction: PEEK Dental Implants

Introduction Dental implants increase the quality of life for many patients with tooth loss.1 The material of choice for oral endosseous implants is pure titanium, introduced at the end of the 1960s by Branemark.2 Although implants based on titanium and titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti- 6Al-4V,3, 4 are well evidence-based, it was demonstrated that their use can be correl...

Abstract: PEEK Dental Implants

Andreas Schwitalla, DDS ; Wolf-Dieter Müller, PhD J Oral Implantol (2013) 39 (6): 743–749. https://doi.org/10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-11-00002   Abstract The insertion of dental implants containing titanium can be associated with various complications (eg, hypersensitivity to titanium). The aim of this article is to evaluate whether there are existing studies reporting on PEEK as an alternative m...

Analisis permukaan : implant gigi zirkonia

2. Surface analyses Analisis permukaan dilakukan dalam 4 penelitian. Dalam penelitian pertama, Yang et al meneliti zirkonia dengan 4% CeO2 dan zirkonia dengan 3% lapisan Y2O3, yang diendapkan pada implant titanium dan implant CoCrMo menggunakan teknik semprotan plasma. Properti adesif, morfologis, dan struktur pada lapisan yang disemprot plasma dievaluasi. Rata-rata kekasaran permukaan zirkonia d...

Surface analyses : zirconia dental implants

2. Surface analyses Surface analyses were performed in 4 studies. In the first study, Yang et al investigated zirconia with 4% CeO2 and zirconia with 3% Y2O3 coatings, which were deposited on titanium and CoCrMo implants using the plasma spraying technique. Adhesive, morphologic, and structural properties of the plasma-sprayed coatings were evaluated. The average surface roug...

Oseointegrasi, analisis histologi, dan BIC : impla...

1. Oseointegrasi, analisis histologis, dan BIC Eighteen articles discussed osseous healing, histologic analyses, and BIC of zirconia dental implants. Seven of these articles evaluated zirconia as a coating material, evaluated zirconia dental implants. Delapan belas artikel medhar penyembuhan osseus, analisis histologis, dan BIC dari implant gigi zirkonia. Tujuh di antara artikel ini mengevaluasi...

Osseointegration, histologic analyses, and BIC : z...

1. Osseointegration, histologic analyses, and BIC Eighteen articles discussed osseous healing, histologic analyses, and BIC of zirconia dental implants. Seven of these articles evaluated zirconia as a coating material, evaluated zirconia dental implants. Zirconia as a Coating Material Cranin et al investigated the osseointegration of vitallium implants with the addit...