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Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and posi...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomar...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive...

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC leve...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP lev...

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (co...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. T...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implan...

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relat...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) ALP level  (nM/μg protein)   Tooth (control) 175 (215) 203 (308) 148 (269) 143 (112) 266 (427) 145 (96) 181 (148) 191 (263) 107 (128)   Implant (test) 230 (238) 139 (139) 157 (293) 108 (134) 166 (434) 179 (251) 147 (...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) CF volume (μl)  Tooth (control) 0.20 (0.23) 0.26 (0.25) 0.19 (0.20) 0.19 (0.50) 0.17 (0.33) 0.18 (0.08) 0.13 (0.24) 0.23 (0.42) 0.20 (0.17)  Implant (test) 0.26 (0.30) 0.25 (0.41) 0.16 (0.21) 0.17 (0.19) 0.18 (0.33) 0.13 (0.14) ...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the...

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 ...

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relatio...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participat...

About this article : Relation between the stabilit...

Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y Download citation Received: 14 September 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 08 December 2016 DOI...

Rights and permissions : Relation between the stab...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Author information : Relation between the stabilit...

Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand Peraphan Pothacharoen Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...

Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability ...

The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209. Download references

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24. Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39. Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...

Conclusions : Relation between the stability of de...

Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1]. The primary stability comes from ...

Abstract : Relation between the stability of denta...

The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers. The study is a prospective...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and posi...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomar...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive...

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC leve...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP lev...

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (co...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. T...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implan...

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relat...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) ALP level  (nM/μg protein)   Tooth (control) 175 (215) 203 (308) 148 (269) 143 (112) 266 (427) 145 (96) 181 (148) 191 (263) 107 (128)   Implant (test) 230 (238) 139 (139) 157 (293) 108 (134) 166 (434) 179 (251) 147 (...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) CF volume (μl)  Tooth (control) 0.20 (0.23) 0.26 (0.25) 0.19 (0.20) 0.19 (0.50) 0.17 (0.33) 0.18 (0.08) 0.13 (0.24) 0.23 (0.42) 0.20 (0.17)  Implant (test) 0.26 (0.30) 0.25 (0.41) 0.16 (0.21) 0.17 (0.19) 0.18 (0.33) 0.13 (0.14) ...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the...

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 Female 46 3 2 38 Female 36 3 3 43 Female 37 3 4 64 Male 46 2 5 30 Female 47 3 6 48 Female 36 2 7 57 Male 36 3 8 28 Female 46 3 9 33 Male 46 2 10 49 Female 46 3   Table 2 Profile of patients

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relatio...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participat...

About this article : Relation between the stabilit...

Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y Download citation Received: 14 September 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 08 December 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10....

Rights and permissions : Relation between the stab...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Relation between the stabilit...

Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand Peraphan Pothacharoen Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...

Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability ...

The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209. Download references

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24. Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39. Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...

Conclusions : Relation between the stability of de...

Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1]. The primary stability comes from ...

Abstract : Relation between the stability of denta...

The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers. The study is a prospective...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and posi...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomar...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive...

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC leve...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP lev...

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (co...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. T...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implan...

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relat...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the...

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 ...

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relatio...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participat...

About this article : Relation between the stabilit...

Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y Download citation Received: 14 September 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 08 December 2016 DOI...

Rights and permissions : Relation between the stab...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Relation between the stabilit...

Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand Peraphan Pothacharoen Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...

Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability ...

The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209. Download references

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24. Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39. Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...

Conclusions : Relation between the stability of de...

Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].The primary stability comes from th...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1]. The primary stability comes from ...

Abstract : Relation between the stability of denta...

The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers. The study is a prospective...

Figure 8. There were moderately significant and po...

    Figure 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)

Figure 7. Comparison between biomarker levels & IS...

  Figure 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Figure 6. There were weakly significant and positi...

  Figure 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values

Figure 5. Change in the median values of the OC le...

  Figure 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Figure 4. Change in the median values of the ALP l...

  Figure 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement

Figure 3. Change in the median values

    Figure 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)

Figure 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time

  Figure 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Figure 1. Timeline of the clinical study

  Figure 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) ALP level  (nM/μg protein)   Tooth (control) 175 (215) 203 (308) 148 (269) 143 (112) 266 (427) 145 (96) 181 (148) 191 (263) 107 (128)   Implant (test) 230 (238) 139 (139) 157 (293) 108 (134) 166 (434) 179 (251) 147 (...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) CF volume (μl)  Tooth (control) 0.20 (0.23) 0.26 (0.25) 0.19 (0.20) 0.19 (0.50) 0.17 (0.33) 0.18 (0.08) 0.13 (0.24) 0.23 (0.42) 0.20 (0.17)  Implant (test) 0.26 (0.30) 0.25 (0.41) 0.16 (0.21) 0.17 (0.19) 0.18 (0.33) 0.13 (0.14) ...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Mean ISQ values 77.0 ± 1.32 65.6 ± 2.70a 70.5 ± 2.03a 72.1 ± 1.64a 74.2 ± 1.65 76.1 ± 1.33 78.1 ± 1.38 78.2 ± 1.32 79.6 ± 1.06 Gender  Male (n = 3) 77.0 ± 0.58 59.7 ± 4.62 71.7 ± 3.24 75.0 ± 1.89 7...

Table 2 Profile of patients

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 Female 46 3 2 38 Female 36 3 3 43 Female 37 3 4 64 Male 46 2 5 30 Female 47 3 6 48 Female 36 2 7 57 Male 36 3 8 28 Female 46 3 9 33 Male 46 2 10 49 Female 46 3

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participate in this study History of bone augmentation at the implant site in the past 6 months No systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, etc.) History of tooth extraction at the implant site in the past 6 months ...

Reference : Relation between the stability of dent...

References Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelle...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Regarding the relationship between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels, although the ISQ values were weakly correlated with the bone markers (r = 0.226 for ALP level and r = 0.245 for OC level, P = 0.05), there were significant and positive correlations between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. These results are in harmony with the ...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

That study showed that PICF volume decreased significantly from week 1 to week 3. Alteration of the gingival fluid volume and contents occur according to the condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth. The presence of inflammation increases the gingival fluid volume. Also, changes in peri-implant crevicular fluid contents and volume result from the condition of the peri-implant tis...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Discussion The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Results Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of t...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The color in the wells changed from blue to yellow. After that, the color solution in each well was measured at 450/540 nm within 30 min. The OC level in each sample was calculated from a standard curve and normalized by total protein. The level of the ALP activity was measured by colorimetric analysis. Briefly, 80 μl of sample solution were added into each well of a 96-well microplate, and t...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

  Sample preparation and analysis GCF/PICF in the Periopaper strip was eluted by adding 320 μl quantity of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the sample tube and incubated at 4 °C, overnight. The eluted protein solution from each gingival fluid sample was used for the biochemical analysis. Total protein in the gingival fluid sample was measured by the Bradford analysis. Briefly, a 10 μl...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

  RFA assessments At implant placement and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks, RFA assessments were performed using the Osstell® ISQ (Integration Diagnostics AB, Goteborg, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A Smartpeg™ (type 47) (Integration Diagnostics AB) was screwed to the implant using a Smartpeg mount. After Smartpeg mount removal, the RFA assessment was perf...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Methods The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Patients Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated ...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

The second phenomenon is contact osteogenesis, in which bone formation takes place from the implant surface toward the local bone. This osteogenesis consists of the early phase of osteogenic cell migration, osteoconduction, and de novo bone formation. The de novo bone formation at a solid surface has four stages. The first stage is secretion of the two noncollagenous proteins, osteopontin, and bon...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Background Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time. The primary stability c...

Relation between the stability of dental implants ...

Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study Abstract Objectives The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (R...