Resonance frequency analysis
Implant stability quotient
The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
The null hypothesis that finger tightening of transducer devices for RFA analysis may have a negative impact on the accuracy of ISQ measurements was rejected. Different forces applied during transducer tightening by different clinicians had no significant effect on the resulting ISQ values. Manual tightening of smartpeg magnetic devices allows for an objective and reliable determination of ISQ val...
A great number of studies have summarized that the measurement of implant stability with RFA is reliable, is noninvasive, and can be used at any time after implant insertion and during follow-up [19, 20]. Various parameters have been demonstrated to influence the degree of primary implant stability [21, 22]. These include bone density [23, 24], surgical technique [25], implant insertion torque [26...
In the test group, mesial and buccal ISQ values of 30 implants were recorded by four examiners (S1–S4) after hand tightening the smartpegs. The control group considered mesial and buccal ISQ values of 30 implants with mechanically inserted smartpegs. Only 147 values could be recorded because one transducer broke and thereafter no further values could be obtained for this implant. At torque value...
Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the difference between the test and control group. Variance analysis and continuous variables were determined. Pearson r correlation coefficient was tested to verify the relationship between the two variables (e.g., relationship between torque and ISQ). Statistical significance was set at p > 0.05.
Three fresh bovine ribs from the same animal were selected for the current in vitro testing; the bovine ribs were of a similar size to those used by Gecikli et al. [16], thus attempting to imitate human edentulous bone with a similar composition of cortical and cancellous bone. The animal was farmed and sacrificed for food production. The bone was stored airtight, humid, and cool from the time the...
While dental implants have become increasingly important in the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of patients, implant failure still does occur. Primary stability at the time of implant placement and the development of osseointegration in the following healing process (secondary stability) are essential parameters for implant success [1]. Primary stability can be considered as the biomechanic...
There is disagreement about the optimal torque for tightening smartpegs for resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Subjective finger pressure during hand tightening could affect the reliability of the resulting values. The aim of the current study was therefore to assess whether or not the insertion torque of a smartpeg magnetic device influences the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value during RFA....
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...
Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...
Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
ALP level
(nM/μg protein)
Tooth (control)
175 (215)
203 (308)
148 (269)
143 (112)
266 (427)
145 (96)
181 (148)
191 (263)
107 (128)
Implant (test)
230 (238)
139 (139)
157 (293)
108 (134)
166 (434)
179 (251)
147 (...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
CF volume (μl)
Tooth (control)
0.20 (0.23)
0.26 (0.25)
0.19 (0.20)
0.19 (0.50)
0.17 (0.33)
0.18 (0.08)
0.13 (0.24)
0.23 (0.42)
0.20 (0.17)
Implant (test)
0.26 (0.30)
0.25 (0.41)
0.16 (0.21)
0.17 (0.19)
0.18 (0.33)
0.13 (0.14)
...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Patient no.
Age
Sex
Positiona
Bone qualityb
1
34
...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Patients aged 25–65 years
Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions
Ability to participat...
Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y
Download citation
Received: 14 September 2016
Accepted: 18 November 2016
Published: 08 December 2016
DOI...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Peraphan Pothacharoen
Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...
The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...
Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209.
Download references
Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62.
Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24.
Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...
Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39.
Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...
Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70.
Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12.
Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...
Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...
Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...
The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...
At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...
Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...
The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...
To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...
The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1.
Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...
Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].
The primary stability comes from ...
The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers.
The study is a prospective...
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...
Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...
Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
ALP level
(nM/μg protein)
Tooth (control)
175 (215)
203 (308)
148 (269)
143 (112)
266 (427)
145 (96)
181 (148)
191 (263)
107 (128)
Implant (test)
230 (238)
139 (139)
157 (293)
108 (134)
166 (434)
179 (251)
147 (...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
CF volume (μl)
Tooth (control)
0.20 (0.23)
0.26 (0.25)
0.19 (0.20)
0.19 (0.50)
0.17 (0.33)
0.18 (0.08)
0.13 (0.24)
0.23 (0.42)
0.20 (0.17)
Implant (test)
0.26 (0.30)
0.25 (0.41)
0.16 (0.21)
0.17 (0.19)
0.18 (0.33)
0.13 (0.14)
...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Patient no.
Age
Sex
Positiona
Bone qualityb
1
34
Female
46
3
2
38
Female
36
3
3
43
Female
37
3
4
64
Male
46
2
5
30
Female
47
3
6
48
Female
36
2
7
57
Male
36
3
8
28
Female
46
3
9
33
Male
46
2
10
49
Female
46
3
Table 2 Profile of patients
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Patients aged 25–65 years
Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions
Ability to participat...
Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y
Download citation
Received: 14 September 2016
Accepted: 18 November 2016
Published: 08 December 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10....
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Peraphan Pothacharoen
Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...
The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...
Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209.
Download references
Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62.
Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24.
Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...
Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39.
Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...
Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70.
Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12.
Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...
Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...
Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...
The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...
The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...
At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...
Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...
The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...
To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...
The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1.
Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...
Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].
The primary stability comes from ...
The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers.
The study is a prospective...
Fig. 3. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® after euthanasia
Fig. 3. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® after euthanasia
Fig. 2. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® immediately upon insertion
Fig. 2. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® immediately upon insertion
Fig. 1. Customized SmartPeg diagrams
Fig. 1. Customized SmartPeg diagrams
Dhaliwal, J.S., Albuquerque, R.F., Fakhry, A. et al. Customized SmartPeg for measurement of resonance frequency of mini dental implants. Int J Implant Dent 3, 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6
Download citation
Received: 09 November 2016
Accepted: 13 January 2017
Published: 01 February 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada
Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal, Ali Fakhry & Jocelyne S. Feine
Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Rubens F. Albuquerque Jr
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Sukhbir Kaur
PAPRSB Institute of Health Sci...
Dhaliwal J, Albuquerque R, Murshed, M, Tamimi, F, Feine, JS. A histomorphometric comparison of osseointegration with MDIs and standard implants. IADR/AADR/CADR 91st General Session, Seattle, Washington, USA, March 20–23, 2013
Zix J, Hug S, Kessler-Liechti G, Mericske-Stern R. Measurement of dental implant stability by resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment: comparison of b...
Barros RR, Novaes Jr AB, Muglia VA, Iezzi G, Piattelli A. Influence of interimplant distances and placement depth on peri-implant bone remodeling of adjacent and immediately loaded Morse cone connection implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(4):371–8. Epub 2010/02/05.
Marin C, Bonfante EA, Granato R, Suzuki M, Granjeiro JM, Coelho PG. The effect of alterati...
Meredith N, Book K, Friberg B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in vivo. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997;8(3):226–33. Epub 1997/06/01.
Meredith N, Alleyne D, Cawley P. Quantitative determination of the stability of the im...
Ersanli S, Karabuda C, Beck F, Leblebicioglu B. Resonance frequency analysis of one-stage dental implant stability during the osseointegration period. J Periodontol. 2005;76(7):1066–71. Epub 2005/07/16.
Bornstein MM, Chappuis V, von Arx T, Buser D. Performance of dental implants after staged sinus floor elevation procedures: 5-year results of a prospective study in partially edentulous patients...
Shatkin TE, Oppenheimer BD, Oppenheimer AJ. Mini dental implants for long-term fixed and removable prosthetics: a retrospective analysis of 2514 implants placed over a five-year period. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2007;28(2):92–9. quiz 100-1. Epub 2007/02/27.
Griffitts TM, Collins CP, Collins PC. Mini dental implants: an adjunct for retention, stability, and comfort for the edentulous patient. Or...
Branemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81–100. Epub 1969/01/01.
Meredith N. Assessment of implant stability as a prognostic determinant. Int J Prosthodont. 1998;11(5):491–501. Epub 1999/01/29.
Lioubavina-Hack N, Lang NP, Karring T. Significance of primar...
The results of this animal study indicate that ISQ measurement of these single-piece MDIs is possible with the help of a custom-made SmartPeg and that 3M™ESPE™MDIs attain primary and secondary stability at the same levels as standard implants in the rabbit tibia.
As there are no studies that provide data based on resonance frequency measurements for single-piece MDIs, the exact RFA threshold values for MDIs may have to be identified with more studies conducted in vivo.
The resonance frequency assessment with a customized SmartPeg would be a useful tool to provide clinically useful information about the condition of the bone-implant interface of 3M™ ESPE...
If the initial ISQ value is high, a small drop in stability normally levels out with time. A big drop in stability or decrease should be taken as a warning sign. Lower values are expected to be higher after the healing period. The opposite could be a sign of an unsuccessful implant, and actions should be taken accordingly.
Studies have shown that the resonance frequency value is greatly associate...
It is important to measure the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of single-piece mini dental implants as they are becoming increasingly popular, with the concomitant increase in publications demonstrating their high survival and success rates. Although the clinical use of Osstell devices is also increasing, there is lack of studies on its use with single-piece implants, which do not have internal t...
The ISQ values obtained while calibrating the customized SmartPeg were similar to in vivo results. Median ISQ values at insertion and at 6 postoperative weeks were 53.3 (IQR 8.3) and 60.5 (5.5) for the 3M™ESPE™MDIs, and 58.5 (4.75) and 65.5 (9.3) for the Ankylos® implants, respectively, with no statistical difference (Figs. 2 and 3). The ISQ values of both 3M™ESPE™ MDI and Ankylos® (Fig...
ISQ values were averaged and compared between implant types and times using Wilcoxon’s matched pairs signed-rank tests at a significance level of p
For the MDIs, a small longitudinal skin incision was made just distal to the tibia/femur joint. The tibia/femur head was exposed subperiosteally, and an osteotomy was performed with the pilot drill under copious irrigation with saline solution, transposing the cortical bone to the depth of 0.5 mm. The implants were aseptically transferred to the bone site and manually rotated clockwise while exer...
Single use Osstell SmartPegs for standard implants are made from a soft metal with a zinc-coated magnet mounted on top of it and attached to the implants or abutments’ internal threads. As the company does not provide SmartPegs for one-piece implants, we developed a customized SmartPeg for mini dental implants (3M™ESPE™ MDIs), which do not have internal threads (Fig. 1). After confirming th...
The aim of the study is to test the feasibility of a customized SmartPeg for ISQ measurement of single-piece mini dental implants and to compare the primary stability of a standard and the mini dental implant (3M™ESPE™MDI) in a rabbit model after 6 weeks of healing.
There are no published studies on the ISQ measurement of mini dental implants, as SmartPegs for these implants are not available till date. Since these are one-piece implants and do not have an internal thread for the SmartPeg’s attachment, a custom-made SmartPeg needs to be fabricated for ISQ measurement. Therefore, we developed and tested a customized SmartPeg for 3M™ESPE™ MDIs to measure ...
Mechanical testing methods like reverse torque, or “pullout test,” have been used to study and measure the mechanical interface between implant and bone in various ways [22, 23]. The Branemark group has evaluated the mechanical properties of osseointegrated implants using torsion and pullout tests and lateral loading tests [24, 25]. Presence or absence of mobility and the bone level around the...
Osseointegration refers to the phenomenon for close apposition of the bone to the surface of an implant with no interposing tissue that can be clinically demonstrated by absence of mobility [1, 2]. Obtaining primary stability seems to be a precondition for a successful osseointegration [3]. Dental implants have a success rate of over 90% and are available in various sizes with different surfaces [...
The new custom-made SmartPeg is suitable for measuring the Implant Stability Quotient of 3M™ESPE™MDIs. The primary stability of 3M™ESPE™MDIs is similar to the primary stability attained by standard implants in the rabbit tibia.
One-piece narrow diameter implants (NDIs) have been recommended as “Single-tooth replacements in the anterior zones, single posterior, multiple-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), edentulous jaws to be rehabilitated with FDP, and edentulous jaws rehabilitation with overdentures in situations with reduced mesiodistal space or reduced ridge width.” (ITI consensus 2013). Since NDIs can be immedia...
Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration
Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration
Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective
Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective
Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration
Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration
Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration
Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration
Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders
Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders
Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration
Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration
Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth
Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth
Collective
Mesial
Distal
1 year
55 months (40–84)
1 year
...
Collective
ISQ
P
At insertion
3 months
Total (n = 57)
61.3 ± 7.8
...
Collective
PT value
P
At insertion
3 months
Total (n = 57)
−1.8 ± 2.4
...
Period
# of implants
# of failures
Survival rate (%)
Cumulative survival rate (%)
0 t...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
The retrospective data analysis was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008, and all patients signed an informed consent. After consulting the local ethic committee, the decision was that due to the retrospective character of this study, with no additional data acquisition, no ethical approval is needed according to the hospital laws of the appropriate sta...
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
S. Wentaschek & S. Hartmann
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
C. Walter & W. Wagner
You can also search for ...
The authors would like to thank Bredent Medical (Senden, Germany) for providing the 3D-planning system and supporting the treatment nonfinancially.
Bayer G, Kistler F, Kistler S, Adler S, Neugebauer J. Sofortversorgung mit reduzierter Implantatanzahl: Wissenschaftliche Konzeption und klinische Ergebnisse. Berlin: Quintessenz; 2011.
Hanley JA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology: the state of the art. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1989;29(3):307–35.
Atieh MA, Alsabeeha NH, Payne AG, de Silva RK, Schwass DS, Duncan WJ. The prognos...
Pommer B, Mailath-Pokorny G, Haas R, Busenlechner D, Furhauser R, Watzek G. Patients’ preferences towards minimally invasive treatment alternatives for implant rehabilitation of edentulous jaws. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2014;7(Suppl 2):S91–109.
Monje A, Suarez F, Galindo-Moreno P, Garcia-Nogales A, Fu JH, Wang HL. A systematic review on marginal bone loss around short dental implants (
Area under the curve
Implant stability quotient
Periotest
Receiver operating characteristic
Within the limits of this small group (n = 10 patients/60 implants), the failure rate of the analyzed implant system (n = 3 respective 5% implant loss) seems to be comparable with other immediate-loading protocols. On the other side, the implant loss rate of tilted implants (n = 2 of 20) in the atrophic upper jaw was quite high, but still, the aimed treatment concept could be achieved in eve...
Between baseline and first removal of the temporary restoration after 3 months, the mean ISQ increased and the mean PT value decreased significantly in the axial and tilted implants. This is in contrast to some other studies which evaluated no significant differences of stability parameters between primary and secondary stability with immediate loading in edentulous maxilla [16, 21, 22].
The pre...
The overall implant survival rate of 95% is slightly lower than the reported mean survival rates of the concept of tilted implants and immediate loading in edentulous jaws [11] but still close to them and maybe more comparable to investigations in which implants were also immediately loaded in the edentulous maxilla which were partly placed in fresh extraction sites [15, 16]. Nevertheless, what is...
After the temporary restoration with a fixed prosthesis, all 10 patients selected a fixed final restoration. These consisted of a cast metal framework with a full ceramic veneering including the replacement of at least the second premolars. They were made after a new impression on the abutment level (Figs. 6 and 7). The neck of the 20 tilted distal implants was positioned in region 4 (n = 5 impl...
Ten patients with a mean age at implant insertion of 64 ± 11.3 years (range 38 to 81 years; six women, four men) were included. Sixty titanium screw implants (Table 1) were inserted and immediately loaded between 09/2009 and 01/2013.
Seven patients had remaining teeth until implant surgery (two patients with 4, four patients with 7, and one patient with 12 teeth). Twenty-one (35%) of the 60 ...
Changes in marginal bone level were measured using the routinely made digital panoramic radiographs if these were available. The measurement tool was calibrated with the known respective implant length. To evaluate the bone loss, the difference was formed between the bone level at follow-up examination (Fig. 5) and at implant placement which is the baseline.
An implant was considered as successfu...
The patients were screened with preliminary panoramic radiographs, and since all the implants were 3D planned (SKYplanX™ program, Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) and inserted with a guiding template, a cone-beam CT (CBCT) was obtained eventually (KaVo 3D eXam™ unit, KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach/Riss, Germany).
The drillings were performed using a 3D-planned surgical template with different metal...
In a retrospective study, all patients with immediately loaded implants in an edentulous maxillae with limited posterior ridge dimensions that received an equal concept were included if they had a follow-up of at least 3 years. The concept contained immediate loading with distal tilted implants and six implants per edentulous maxillae of a single implant system (blueSky™ implants, Bredent GmbH,...
For a few years, there has been a trend towards minimally invasive implant treatment concepts avoiding bone augmentation even in very atrophic edentulous jaws. These concepts aim to make an implant treatment with a shorter duration, with less inconvenience such as swelling or pain and possibly also economically more attractive [1]. If the implant treatment is less invasive, because of the possible...
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of six Bredent blueSky™ implants (Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) immediately loaded with a fixed full-arch prosthesis (two tilted posterior and four axial frontal and premolar implants).
All 10 patients with atrophic edentulous maxillae being treated with a standardized procedure from 09/2009 to 01/2013, who had a follow-...
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...
Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...
Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Patient no.
Age
Sex
Positiona
Bone qualityb
1
34
...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Patients aged 25–65 years
Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions
Ability to participat...
Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y
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Received: 14 September 2016
Accepted: 18 November 2016
Published: 08 December 2016
DOI...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Peraphan Pothacharoen
Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...
The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...
Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209.
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Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62.
Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24.
Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...
Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39.
Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...
Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70.
Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12.
Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...
Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...
Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...
The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...
The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...
At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...
Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...
The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...
To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...
The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1.
Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...
Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].The primary stability comes from th...
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].
The primary stability comes from ...
The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers.
The study is a prospective...
Dhaliwal, J.S., Albuquerque, R.F., Fakhry, A. et al. Customized SmartPeg for measurement of resonance frequency of mini dental implants.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6
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Received: 09 November 2016
Accepted: 13 January 2017
Published: 01 February 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada
Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal, Ali Fakhry & Jocelyne S. Feine
Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Rubens F. Albuquerque Jr
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Sukhbir Kaur
PAPRSB Institute of Health Sci...
Dhaliwal J, Albuquerque R, Murshed, M, Tamimi, F, Feine, JS. A histomorphometric comparison of osseointegration with MDIs and standard implants. IADR/AADR/CADR 91st General Session, Seattle, Washington, USA, March 20–23, 2013
Zix J, Hug S, Kessler-Liechti G, Mericske-Stern R. Measurement of dental implant stability by resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment: comparison of b...
Barros RR, Novaes Jr AB, Muglia VA, Iezzi G, Piattelli A. Influence of interimplant distances and placement depth on peri-implant bone remodeling of adjacent and immediately loaded Morse cone connection implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(4):371–8. Epub 2010/02/05.
Marin C, Bonfante EA, Granato R, Suzuki M, Granjeiro JM, Coelho PG. The effect of alterati...
Meredith N, Book K, Friberg B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in vivo. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997;8(3):226–33. Epub 1997/06/01.
Meredith N, Alleyne D, Cawley P. Quantitative determination of the stability of the im...
Ersanli S, Karabuda C, Beck F, Leblebicioglu B. Resonance frequency analysis of one-stage dental implant stability during the osseointegration period. J Periodontol. 2005;76(7):1066–71. Epub 2005/07/16.
Bornstein MM, Chappuis V, von Arx T, Buser D. Performance of dental implants after staged sinus floor elevation procedures: 5-year results of a prospective study in partially edentulous patients...
Shatkin TE, Oppenheimer BD, Oppenheimer AJ. Mini dental implants for long-term fixed and removable prosthetics: a retrospective analysis of 2514 implants placed over a five-year period. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2007;28(2):92–9. quiz 100-1. Epub 2007/02/27.
Griffitts TM, Collins CP, Collins PC. Mini dental implants: an adjunct for retention, stability, and comfort for the edentulous patient. Or...
Branemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81–100. Epub 1969/01/01.
Meredith N. Assessment of implant stability as a prognostic determinant. Int J Prosthodont. 1998;11(5):491–501. Epub 1999/01/29.
Lioubavina-Hack N, Lang NP, Karring T. Significance of primar...
The results of this animal study indicate that ISQ measurement of these single-piece MDIs is possible with the help of a custom-made SmartPeg and that 3M™ESPE™MDIs attain primary and secondary stability at the same levels as standard implants in the rabbit tibia.
As there are no studies that provide data based on resonance frequency measurements for single-piece MDIs, the exact RFA threshold values for MDIs may have to be identified with more studies conducted in vivo.
The resonance frequency assessment with a customized SmartPeg would be a useful tool to provide clinically useful information about the condition of the bone-implant interface of 3M™ ESPE...
If the initial ISQ value is high, a small drop in stability normally levels out with time. A big drop in stability or decrease should be taken as a warning sign. Lower values are expected to be higher after the healing period. The opposite could be a sign of an unsuccessful implant, and actions should be taken accordingly.
Studies have shown that the resonance frequency value is greatly associate...
It is important to measure the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of single-piece mini dental implants as they are becoming increasingly popular, with the concomitant increase in publications demonstrating their high survival and success rates. Although the clinical use of Osstell devices is also increasing, there is lack of studies on its use with single-piece implants, which do not have internal t...
The ISQ values obtained while calibrating the customized SmartPeg were similar to in vivo results. Median ISQ values at insertion and at 6 postoperative weeks were 53.3 (IQR 8.3) and 60.5 (5.5) for the 3M™ESPE™MDIs, and 58.5 (4.75) and 65.5 (9.3) for the Ankylos® implants, respectively, with no statistical difference (Figs. 2 and 3). The ISQ values of both 3M™ESPE™ MDI and Ankylos® (Fig...
ISQ values were averaged and compared between implant types and times using Wilcoxon’s matched pairs signed-rank tests at a significance level of p
For the MDIs, a small longitudinal skin incision was made just distal to the tibia/femur joint. The tibia/femur head was exposed subperiosteally, and an osteotomy was performed with the pilot drill under copious irrigation with saline solution, transposing the cortical bone to the depth of 0.5 mm. The implants were aseptically transferred to the bone site and manually rotated clockwise while exer...
Single use Osstell SmartPegs for standard implants are made from a soft metal with a zinc-coated magnet mounted on top of it and attached to the implants or abutments’ internal threads. As the company does not provide SmartPegs for one-piece implants, we developed a customized SmartPeg for mini dental implants (3M™ESPE™ MDIs), which do not have internal threads (Fig. 1). After confirming th...
The aim of the study is to test the feasibility of a customized SmartPeg for ISQ measurement of single-piece mini dental implants and to compare the primary stability of a standard and the mini dental implant (3M™ESPE™MDI) in a rabbit model after 6 weeks of healing.
There are no published studies on the ISQ measurement of mini dental implants, as SmartPegs for these implants are not available till date. Since these are one-piece implants and do not have an internal thread for the SmartPeg’s attachment, a custom-made SmartPeg needs to be fabricated for ISQ measurement. Therefore, we developed and tested a customized SmartPeg for 3M™ESPE™ MDIs to measure ...
Mechanical testing methods like reverse torque, or “pullout test,” have been used to study and measure the mechanical interface between implant and bone in various ways [22, 23]. The Branemark group has evaluated the mechanical properties of osseointegrated implants using torsion and pullout tests and lateral loading tests [24, 25]. Presence or absence of mobility and the bone level around the...
Osseointegration refers to the phenomenon for close apposition of the bone to the surface of an implant with no interposing tissue that can be clinically demonstrated by absence of mobility [1, 2]. Obtaining primary stability seems to be a precondition for a successful osseointegration [3]. Dental implants have a success rate of over 90% and are available in various sizes with different surfaces [...
The new custom-made SmartPeg is suitable for measuring the Implant Stability Quotient of 3M™ESPE™MDIs. The primary stability of 3M™ESPE™MDIs is similar to the primary stability attained by standard implants in the rabbit tibia.
One-piece narrow diameter implants (NDIs) have been recommended as “Single-tooth replacements in the anterior zones, single posterior, multiple-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), edentulous jaws to be rehabilitated with FDP, and edentulous jaws rehabilitation with overdentures in situations with reduced mesiodistal space or reduced ridge width.” (ITI consensus 2013). Since NDIs can be immedia...
Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration
Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration
Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective
Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective
Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration
Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration
Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration
Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration
Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders
Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders
Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration
Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration
Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth
Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth
Collective
Mesial
Distal
1 year
55 months (40–84)
1 year
...
Collective
ISQ
P
At insertion
3 months
Total (n = 57)
61.3 ± 7.8
...
Collective
PT value
P
At insertion
3 months
Total (n = 57)
−1.8 ± 2.4
...
Period
# of implants
# of failures
Survival rate (%)
Cumulative survival rate (%)
0 t...
Diameter
Length
10 mm
12 mm
14 mm
16 mm
Axial
...
Wentaschek, S., Hartmann, S., Walter, C. et al. Six-implant-supported immediate fixed rehabilitation of atrophic edentulous maxillae with tilted distal implants.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 35 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0096-0
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Received: 14 March 2017
Accepted: 13 July 2017
Published: 25 July 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0096-0
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
The retrospective data analysis was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008, and all patients signed an informed consent. After consulting the local ethic committee, the decision was that due to the retrospective character of this study, with no additional data acquisition, no ethical approval is needed according to the hospital laws of the appropriate sta...
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
S. Wentaschek & S. Hartmann
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
C. Walter & W. Wagner
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The authors would like to thank Bredent Medical (Senden, Germany) for providing the 3D-planning system and supporting the treatment nonfinancially.
Bayer G, Kistler F, Kistler S, Adler S, Neugebauer J. Sofortversorgung mit reduzierter Implantatanzahl: Wissenschaftliche Konzeption und klinische Ergebnisse. Berlin: Quintessenz; 2011.
Hanley JA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology: the state of the art. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1989;29(3):307–35.
Atieh MA, Alsabeeha NH, Payne AG, de Silva RK, Schwass DS, Duncan WJ. The prognos...
Pommer B, Mailath-Pokorny G, Haas R, Busenlechner D, Furhauser R, Watzek G. Patients’ preferences towards minimally invasive treatment alternatives for implant rehabilitation of edentulous jaws. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2014;7(Suppl 2):S91–109.
Monje A, Suarez F, Galindo-Moreno P, Garcia-Nogales A, Fu JH, Wang HL. A systematic review on marginal bone loss around short dental implants (
Area under the curve
Implant stability quotient
Periotest
Receiver operating characteristic
Within the limits of this small group (n = 10 patients/60 implants), the failure rate of the analyzed implant system (n = 3 respective 5% implant loss) seems to be comparable with other immediate-loading protocols. On the other side, the implant loss rate of tilted implants (n = 2 of 20) in the atrophic upper jaw was quite high, but still, the aimed treatment concept could be achieved in eve...
Between baseline and first removal of the temporary restoration after 3 months, the mean ISQ increased and the mean PT value decreased significantly in the axial and tilted implants. This is in contrast to some other studies which evaluated no significant differences of stability parameters between primary and secondary stability with immediate loading in edentulous maxilla [16, 21, 22].
The pre...
The overall implant survival rate of 95% is slightly lower than the reported mean survival rates of the concept of tilted implants and immediate loading in edentulous jaws [11] but still close to them and maybe more comparable to investigations in which implants were also immediately loaded in the edentulous maxilla which were partly placed in fresh extraction sites [15, 16]. Nevertheless, what is...
After the temporary restoration with a fixed prosthesis, all 10 patients selected a fixed final restoration. These consisted of a cast metal framework with a full ceramic veneering including the replacement of at least the second premolars. They were made after a new impression on the abutment level (Figs. 6 and 7). The neck of the 20 tilted distal implants was positioned in region 4 (n = 5 impl...
Ten patients with a mean age at implant insertion of 64 ± 11.3 years (range 38 to 81 years; six women, four men) were included. Sixty titanium screw implants (Table 1) were inserted and immediately loaded between 09/2009 and 01/2013.
Seven patients had remaining teeth until implant surgery (two patients with 4, four patients with 7, and one patient with 12 teeth). Twenty-one (35%) of the 60 ...
Changes in marginal bone level were measured using the routinely made digital panoramic radiographs if these were available. The measurement tool was calibrated with the known respective implant length. To evaluate the bone loss, the difference was formed between the bone level at follow-up examination (Fig. 5) and at implant placement which is the baseline.
An implant was considered as successfu...
The patients were screened with preliminary panoramic radiographs, and since all the implants were 3D planned (SKYplanX™ program, Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) and inserted with a guiding template, a cone-beam CT (CBCT) was obtained eventually (KaVo 3D eXam™ unit, KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach/Riss, Germany).
The drillings were performed using a 3D-planned surgical template with different metal...
In a retrospective study, all patients with immediately loaded implants in an edentulous maxillae with limited posterior ridge dimensions that received an equal concept were included if they had a follow-up of at least 3 years. The concept contained immediate loading with distal tilted implants and six implants per edentulous maxillae of a single implant system (blueSky™ implants, Bredent GmbH,...
For a few years, there has been a trend towards minimally invasive implant treatment concepts avoiding bone augmentation even in very atrophic edentulous jaws. These concepts aim to make an implant treatment with a shorter duration, with less inconvenience such as swelling or pain and possibly also economically more attractive [1]. If the implant treatment is less invasive, because of the possible...
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of six Bredent blueSky™ implants (Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) immediately loaded with a fixed full-arch prosthesis (two tilted posterior and four axial frontal and premolar implants).
All 10 patients with atrophic edentulous maxillae being treated with a standardized procedure from 09/2009 to 01/2013, who had a follow-...
Figure 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)
Figure 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Figure 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values
Figure 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Figure 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement
Figure 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)
Figure 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P
Figure 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
ALP level
(nM/μg protein)
Tooth (control)
175 (215)
203 (308)
148 (269)
143 (112)
266 (427)
145 (96)
181 (148)
191 (263)
107 (128)
Implant (test)
230 (238)
139 (139)
157 (293)
108 (134)
166 (434)
179 (251)
147 (...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
CF volume (μl)
Tooth (control)
0.20 (0.23)
0.26 (0.25)
0.19 (0.20)
0.19 (0.50)
0.17 (0.33)
0.18 (0.08)
0.13 (0.24)
0.23 (0.42)
0.20 (0.17)
Implant (test)
0.26 (0.30)
0.25 (0.41)
0.16 (0.21)
0.17 (0.19)
0.18 (0.33)
0.13 (0.14)
...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Mean ISQ values
77.0 ± 1.32
65.6 ± 2.70a
70.5 ± 2.03a
72.1 ± 1.64a
74.2 ± 1.65
76.1 ± 1.33
78.1 ± 1.38
78.2 ± 1.32
79.6 ± 1.06
Gender
Male (n = 3)
77.0 ± 0.58
59.7 ± 4.62
71.7 ± 3.24
75.0 ± 1.89
7...
Patient no.
Age
Sex
Positiona
Bone qualityb
1
34
Female
46
3
2
38
Female
36
3
3
43
Female
37
3
4
64
Male
46
2
5
30
Female
47
3
6
48
Female
36
2
7
57
Male
36
3
8
28
Female
46
3
9
33
Male
46
2
10
49
Female
46
3
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Patients aged 25–65 years
Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions
Ability to participate in this study
History of bone augmentation at the implant site in the past 6 months
No systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, etc.)
History of tooth extraction at the implant site in the past 6 months
...
References
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Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12.
Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelle...
Regarding the relationship between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels, although the ISQ values were weakly correlated with the bone markers (r = 0.226 for ALP level and r = 0.245 for OC level, P = 0.05), there were significant and positive correlations between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. These results are in harmony with the ...
That study showed that PICF volume decreased significantly from week 1 to week 3. Alteration of the gingival fluid volume and contents occur according to the condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth. The presence of inflammation increases the gingival fluid volume. Also, changes in peri-implant crevicular fluid contents and volume result from the condition of the peri-implant tis...
Discussion
The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor...
Results
Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of t...
The color in the wells changed from blue to yellow. After that, the color solution in each well was measured at 450/540 nm within 30 min. The OC level in each sample was calculated from a standard curve and normalized by total protein.
The level of the ALP activity was measured by colorimetric analysis. Briefly, 80 μl of sample solution were added into each well of a 96-well microplate, and t...
Sample preparation and analysis
GCF/PICF in the Periopaper strip was eluted by adding 320 μl quantity of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the sample tube and incubated at 4 °C, overnight. The eluted protein solution from each gingival fluid sample was used for the biochemical analysis.
Total protein in the gingival fluid sample was measured by the Bradford analysis. Briefly, a 10 μl...
RFA assessments
At implant placement and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks, RFA assessments were performed using the Osstell® ISQ (Integration Diagnostics AB, Goteborg, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A Smartpeg™ (type 47) (Integration Diagnostics AB) was screwed to the implant using a Smartpeg mount. After Smartpeg mount removal, the RFA assessment was perf...
Methods
The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1.
Patients
Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated ...
The second phenomenon is contact osteogenesis, in which bone formation takes place from the implant surface toward the local bone. This osteogenesis consists of the early phase of osteogenic cell migration, osteoconduction, and de novo bone formation. The de novo bone formation at a solid surface has four stages. The first stage is secretion of the two noncollagenous proteins, osteopontin, and bon...
Background
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time.
The primary stability c...
Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
Abstract
Objectives
The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (R...