Background : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [1]
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].
The primary stability comes from the mechanical anchorage between the bone tissue and the pitch region of the implant immediately after implantation. The secondary stability comes from the formation of new vital bone, which replaces the gap between the local bone and the implant surface and replaces the necrotic bone.
The external morphology of the dental implant is a factor which leads to the mechanical engagement of the implant with the bone. Three-thread-design dental implants consist of three different thread designs. The first design is the micro-thread, or supra-fine thread, which is on the coronal third of the implant fixture and is attached to the cortical bone. These small, fine threads are designed for force distribution, an increase in the bone-implant contact area and a decrease in the force concentration at the abutment-implant connection area. The second design is the reverse buttress thread, which is on the middle third of the implant fixture. This design increases the retention between the implant and spongy bone and produces resistance to compressive force. The third design, the condensed thread, is located at the apical third of the implant fixture. The thinness at the beginning of this thread and an increase in thickness along the implant fixture are designed for the soft spongy bone condensability [2].
Osseointegration, a continuous process, represents the coupling of the osteoclast and osteoblast activity for bone repair, formation, and adaptation to function [3, 4]. Implant-bone integration is separated into three phenomena. The first phenomenon is distance osteogenesis. Distance osteogenesis means that bone formation takes place from the local bone toward the implant surface. This event is anticipated to happen in cortical bone healing [5]. The second phenomenon is contact osteogenesis, in which bone formation takes place from the implant surface toward the local bone. This osteogenesis consists of the early phase of osteogenic cell migration, osteoconduction, and de novo bone formation. The de novo bone formation at a solid surface has four stages. The first stage is secretion of the two noncollagenous proteins, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein. The second stage is calcium phosphate nucleation, which consists of the calcium binding at the calcium binding sites of these proteins. The third stage is the crystal growth phase. The last stage of de novo bone formation is derived from collagen production and subsequent collagen mineralization. Finally, bone remodeling is the third phenomenon of implant-bone integration [6].
Serial posts:
- Background : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [1]
- Background : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [2]
- Methods : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [1]
- Methods : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [2]
- Methods : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [3]
- Methods : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [4]
- Results : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [1]
- Results : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [2]
- Discussion : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [1]
- Discussion : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [2]
- Discussion : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [3]
- Conclusions : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- References : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [1]
- References : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [2]
- References : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [3]
- References : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study [4]
- Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- Author information : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- Rights and permissions : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- About this article : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone quality : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
- Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth : Relation between the stability of dental implant
- Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P < 0.05). The ISQ values recovered to the initial ISQ values at 4 weeks and slight increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks : Relation between the stability of dental implant
- Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) : Relation between the stability of dental implant
- Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement : Relation between the stability of dental implant
- Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P < 0.05) : Relation between the stability of dental implant
- Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values : Relation between the stability of dental implant
- Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time : Relation between the stability of dental implant
- Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) : Relation between the stability of dental implant