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Results : Single-drill implant induces bone corticalization during submerged healing: an in vivo pilot study

Results : Single-drill implant induces bone corticalization during submerged healing: an in vivo pilot study

author: Paolo Trisi, Antonello Falco, Marco Berardini | publisher: drg. Andreas Tjandra, Sp. Perio, FISID

No implant failure was observed after 2 months of healing. The clinical examination, done immediately after the bone block retrieval, showed no crestal bone resorption. No bone defects around implants, such as fenestration or dehiscence, were detected. The host bone density expressed in bone volume percentage (basal %BV) was 26.17 ± 2.35. This low value of BV% is common in soft bone, according to the NHS bone classification [23].

Implants that belonged to the test group showed a bone to implant contact percentage (%BIC) of 70.91 ± 7.95 while the control group implants had a %BIC value of 49.33 ± 10.73. The %BV was 41.83 ± 6.30 in the test group and 29.61 ± 5.05 in the control group (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). These histomorphometric parameters were statistically different between the two groups. The statistical comparison between the host bone density (basal %BV) and %BV in the test group revealed that expander® implants were able to increase in a significant way the host bone density (Tables 1, 2 and 3).

The biomechanical analysis of secondary implant stability revealed a VAM value of 82.6 ± 23.27 in the test group and 60.5 ± 16.58 in the control group. The reverse torque (RT) was 98.2 ± 16.81 in the test group and 98.8 ± 24.40 in the control one. Histomorphometric and biomechanical data of both groups are summarized in Table 2.

Expander implant surface (test group) was covered by a thick layer of newly formed bone induced by the osteoconduction properties of the implant surface. A considerable amount of fractured trabeculae that led to bone chip condensation was present around implant threads. The osseocorticalization phenomenon characterized by more bone volume percentage around the implant area than in the neighboring areas, caused by implant threads geometry, was evident at low magnification. A reparative bone formation process that connected the fractured bone trabeculae to bone fragments and/or to the implant surface was evident, with remodeling phenomena characterized by osteoclastic resorption coupled with osteoid formation.

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