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Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-u...

Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown Fig. 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown

Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic s...

Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory Fig. 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory

Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of th...

Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view Fig. 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view

Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic su...

Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b) Fig. 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)

Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previo...

Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment Fig. 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment

About this article : Zirconia implants and peek re...

Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J.M., Cabaña-Muñoz, M.E., Merino, J.J. et al. Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the replacement of upper molars. Int J Implant Dent 3, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2 Download citation Received: 13 October 2016 Accepted: 22 December 2016 Published: 20 February 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2

Rights and permissions : Zirconia implants and pee...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Author information : Zirconia implants and peek re...

Periodontics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia (Spain), Murcia, Spain Arturo Sánchez-Pérez Clínica CIROM, Murcia, 30001, Spain José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz & José Joaquín Merino Clínica Odontologíca Universitaria, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/ Marqués de los Vélez s/n, Murcia, 30008, Spain Arturo Sánchez-...

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Download references

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Bormann K-H, Gellrich N-C, Kniha H, Dard M, Wieland M, Gahlert M. Biomechanical evaluation of a microstructured zirconia implant by a removal torque comparison with a standard Ti-SLA implant. Clin oral implants res. 2012;23:1210–6. Oliva J, Oliva X, Oliva JD. One-year follow-up of first consecutive 100 zirconia dental implants in humans: a comparison of 2 different rough surfaces. Int j oral ma...

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand j plast reconstr surg suppl. 1977;16:1–132. Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM. TécnicaAtraumática en Implantología. Rev esp odontoestomatológica implant. 11:30–5. Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Cabaña-Mu...

Conclusions : Zirconia implants and peek restorati...

Zirconia implants with PEEK restorations can be considered a good alternative for replacing natural teeth. Their biocompatibility and biostability make them a promising material for those patients who suffer from allergies and sensitivity to metal alloys. PEEK restorations are a valid and alternative recommendation when using zirconia implants because of their cushioning effect and elastic modulu...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

In addition to PEEK, new coatings based on PMMA or composite materials (Anaxblent®Anaxdent®, Nexco®Ivoclar®, Solidex®Shofu®, Novo.lign®Bredent®, etc.) which incorporate ceramic fillings have been developed. Due to their molecular structure, these materials have excellent density and homogeneity [24]. The micro filling integrated into the polymer matrix increases abrasion resistance, at the...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

In terms of the load-cushioning capacity of the prosthetic elements, the use of PEEK as a prosthetic structure on implants has increased in recent years [14]. PEEK is a high-density thermoplastic polymer with a linear aromatic semi-crystalline structure that has exceptional physical and chemical properties as regards toughness, hardness and elasticity. Also, its low molecular weight, combined with...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

Fifteen days after surgery, the appearance of the soft tissue was excellent, with no signs of inflammation in the mucosa. The patient mentioned the absence of bleeding and pain during the post-operation period. At the same time, we made a clinical and radiological evaluation. Three months after surgery, the stumps of the implants were carved to improve their parallelism with a special diamond dril...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years previously. Clinica...

Background : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium [1], which are still the most popular. The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials. An example of this is zirconia-based dental i...

Abstract : Zirconia implants and peek restorations...

One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties. A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record of interest with a longitudinal fracture i...

Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially : Peri-impl...

Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially

Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially : Peri-implant

Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially

Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces ...

Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces of epoxy resin adjacent to mini implants Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces of epoxy resin adjacent to mini implants

Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two...

Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two mini implants. Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two mini implants.

Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants...

Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants

Fig. 1. a Standard, b short-wide, and c single-pie...

Fig. 1. Fig. 1. a Standard, b short-wide, and c single-piece mini implants

Table 5 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Crown Implant type Axial Off-axial P-value Mean SD ...

Table 4 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Axial Off-axial P value Mean SD Mean SD ...

Table 3 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Lava Ultimate crowns Metal crowns P value Mean SD Mean ...

Table 2 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Load Crown type Standard Short-wide Double mini P value ...

Table 1 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Standard Short-wide Double mini P value Mean SD Mean ...

About this article : Peri-implant biomechanical re...

Elfadaly, L.S., Khairallah, L.S. & Al Agroudy, M.A. Peri-implant biomechanical responses to standard, short-wide, and double mini implants replacing missing molar supporting hybrid ceramic or full-metal crowns under axial and off-axial loading: an in vitro study. Int J Implant Dent 3, 31 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0094-2 Download citation Received: 14 Februar...

Rights and permissions : Peri-implant biomechanica...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Peri-implant biomechanical r...

The authors L.S.Elfadaly, L.S.Kheirallah, and M.A.Alagroudy state that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Peri-implant biomechanical re...

Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Lamiaa Said Elfadaly, Lamiaa Sayed Khairallah & Mona Atteya Al Agroudy You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar LSE have...

References : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Gracis S, Nicholls J, Chalupnik J, Yuodelis R. Shock-absorbing behavior of five restorative materials used on implants. Int J Prosthodont. 1990;4:282–91. Skalak R. Biomechanical considerations in osseointegrated prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;49:843–8. Misch C. Clinical biomechanics in implant dentistry, Contemporary Implant Dentistry. 3rd ed. 2008. p. 543–56. mosby,inc. Lundgren D, La...

References : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Himmlova L, Dostalova T, Kacovsky A, Konvickova S. Influence of implant length and diameter on stress distribution: a finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;91(1):20–5. Shetty S, Puthukkat N, Bhat S, Shenoy K. Short implants: a new dimension in rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla and mandible. Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry. 2014;4(2):66. Misch C, Bidez M. Contemporary implant d...

References : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Barbier L, Vander SJ, Krzesinski G, Schepers E, Van der Perre G. Finite element analysis of non-axial versus axial loading of oral implants in the mandible of the dog. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25(11):847–58. Saime S, Murat C, Emine Y. The influence of functional forces on the biomechanics of implant-supported prostheses—a review. J Dent. 2002;30:271–82. Balshi T, Hernandez R, Pryszlak M, Range...

References : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Mazor Z, Lorean A, Mijiritsky E, Levin L. Replacement of a molar with 2 narrow diameter dental implants. Implant Dent. 2012;21(1):36–8. Atwood D. Postextraction changes in the adult mandible as illustrated by micrographs of midsagittal sections and serial cephalometric roentgenograms. J Prosthet Dent. 1963;13:810–24. Felice P, Pellegrino G, Checchi L, Pistilli R, Esposito M. Vertical augment...

Conclusions : Peri-implant biomechanical responses...

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the following conclusions could be drawn: Implant design, superstructure material, and load direction significantly affect peri-implant microstrains. The recorded compressive and tensile microstrains for the tested designs were within the physiologic loading range, as they did not exceed the compressive or tensile strength of the bone-implant interf...

Discussion : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Regarding the effect of superstructure material on induced microstrains, generally, different implant designs supporting Lava Ultimate crowns showed higher mean microstrain values(1927.3 ± 1536.6 μɛ), in comparison with those supporting metal crowns (1313.7 ± 973.1 μɛ).Theoretical considerations [44, 45] and in vitro experiments [46,47,48,49] suggest that an occlusal material with ...

Discussion : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Regarding the effect of direction of loading on induced microstrains, it was shown that changing the position of occlusal loading had a considerable effect on the amount of distribution of stresses where axial loading generated even distribution of load around the implant in comparison to off-axial loading where stresses were more pronounced in the area of load application. This might be due to th...

Discussion : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Previous studies have shown that direct correlations exist between microstrain magnitudes and bone stability/instability conditions. This has been summarized by Frost, when bone is loaded below about 2000 microstrains, bone can easily repair what little microdamage occurs. Yet, when pathologic overloading occurs (over 4000 microstrains), stress and strain gradients exceed the physiologic tolerance...

Discussion : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

To replace a missing lower molar in compromised ridge, different treatment options were suggested, using either a standard size implant with surgical procedures, short-wide implant, or two mini implants. Concerning the use of mini implant, splinted multiple implants increase the surface area that interfaces with the bone to lessen the per square millimeters of force borne by the bone [11]. The imp...

Results : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to ...

Results revealed that standard implant showed the statistically significantly highest mean microstrain values (3362.4 ± 757.4 μɛ). Double mini implant showed statistically significantly lower mean microstrain values (801.6 ± 251.4 μɛ), while short-wide implant showed the statistically significantly lowest mean microstrain values (697.6 ± 79.7 μɛ), with a P value

Methods : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to ...

Data were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) values. Data were explored for normality by checking data distribution and histograms, calculating mean and median values, and finally using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality. Stress data showed non-parametric distribution, so the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare between the types of implants. The Mann-Whitney U te...

Methods : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to ...

Each crown was cemented to its corresponding implant-abutment assembly using temporary cement (Cavex Temporary Cement, Cavex, Holland). Each implant received 4 strain gauges (Kowa strain gages, Japan) placed on the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of the epoxy resin adjacent to the implants. At these selected sites, the thickness of the epoxy resin surrounding each implant was reduced...

Methods : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to ...

In the present study, the following materials were used: titanium root form endosseous implants of standard diameter and length (4-mm platform, 3.8-mm diameter,12-mm length, fixture bevel 0.2 mm, Super Line System, Dentium, USA), short-wide implant (7-mm platform, 5.8-mm diameter, 7-mm length, Super Line System, Dentium, Seoul, Korea) with 1.5-mm machined surface and 5.5-mm threaded surface that ...

Background : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

There are several factors that affect force magnitudes in peri-implant bone. The application of functional forces induces stresses and strains within the implant prosthesis complex and affect the bone remodeling process around implants [8, 9]. While there are several methods of measuring strain, the most common is with a strain gauge, a device whose electrical resistance varies in proportion to t...

Background : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

The molars are one of the first teeth to be lost over lifetime; thus, their replacement is frequently needed. Implantation is generally the preferred choice to replace a missing single tooth avoiding vital teeth preparation and bridge fabrication [1]. The mandibular bone loss occurs as knife-edge residual ridge where there is marked narrowing of the labiolingual diameter of the crest of the ridge...

Abstract : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical response of the peri-implant bone to standard, short-wide, and double mini implants replacing missing molar supporting either hybrid ceramic crowns (Lava Ultimate restorative) or full-metal crowns under two different loading conditions (axial and off-axial loading) using strain gauge analysis. Three single-molar implant designs, (1) single, ...

About this article : Zirconia implants and peek re...

Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J.M., Cabaña-Muñoz, M.E., Merino, J.J. et al. Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the replacement of upper molars. Int J Implant Dent 3, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2 Download citation Received: 13 October 2016 Accepted: 22 December 2016 Published: 20 February 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0062-2

Rights and permissions : Zirconia implants and pee...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Zirconia implants and peek re...

Periodontics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia (Spain), Murcia, Spain Arturo Sánchez-Pérez Clínica CIROM, Murcia, 30001, Spain José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz & José Joaquín Merino Clínica Odontologíca Universitaria, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/ Marqués de los Vélez s/n, Murcia, 30008, Spain Arturo Sánchez-...

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Download references

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Bormann K-H, Gellrich N-C, Kniha H, Dard M, Wieland M, Gahlert M. Biomechanical evaluation of a microstructured zirconia implant by a removal torque comparison with a standard Ti-SLA implant. Clin oral implants res. 2012;23:1210–6. Oliva J, Oliva X, Oliva JD. One-year follow-up of first consecutive 100 zirconia dental implants in humans: a comparison of 2 different rough surfaces. Int j oral ma...

References : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand j plast reconstr surg suppl. 1977;16:1–132. Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM. TécnicaAtraumática en Implantología. Rev esp odontoestomatológica implant. 11:30–5. Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Cabaña-Mu...

Conclusions : Zirconia implants and peek restorati...

Zirconia implants with PEEK restorations can be considered a good alternative for replacing natural teeth. Their biocompatibility and biostability make them a promising material for those patients who suffer from allergies and sensitivity to metal alloys. PEEK restorations are a valid and alternative recommendation when using zirconia implants because of their cushioning effect and elastic modulu...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

In addition to PEEK, new coatings based on PMMA or composite materials (Anaxblent®Anaxdent®, Nexco®Ivoclar®, Solidex®Shofu®, Novo.lign®Bredent®, etc.) which incorporate ceramic fillings have been developed. Due to their molecular structure, these materials have excellent density and homogeneity [24]. The micro filling integrated into the polymer matrix increases abrasion resistance, at the...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

In terms of the load-cushioning capacity of the prosthetic elements, the use of PEEK as a prosthetic structure on implants has increased in recent years [14]. PEEK is a high-density thermoplastic polymer with a linear aromatic semi-crystalline structure that has exceptional physical and chemical properties as regards toughness, hardness and elasticity. Also, its low molecular weight, combined with...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

Fifteen days after surgery, the appearance of the soft tissue was excellent, with no signs of inflammation in the mucosa. The patient mentioned the absence of bleeding and pain during the post-operation period. At the same time, we made a clinical and radiological evaluation. Three months after surgery, the stumps of the implants were carved to improve their parallelism with a special diamond dril...

Case presentation : Zirconia implants and peek res...

A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years previously. Clinica...

Background : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium [1], which are still the most popular. The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials. An example of this is zirconia-based dental i...

Abstract : Zirconia implants and peek restorations...

One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties. A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record of interest with a longitudinal fracture i...

Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially : Peri-impl...

Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially Fig. 6. Loading of implant off-axially

Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially : Peri-implant

Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially Fig. 5. Loading of implant axially

Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces ...

Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces of epoxy resin adjacent to mini implants Fig. 4. Installation of strain gauges on surfaces of epoxy resin adjacent to mini implants

Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two...

Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two mini implants. Fig. 3. Lava Ultimate Restorative crown on the two mini implants.

Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants...

Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants Fig. 2. Metal crown supported on two mini implants

Fig. 1. a Standard, b short-wide, and c single-pie...

Fig. 1. a Standard, b short-wide, and c single-piece mini implants

Table 5 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Crown Implant type Axial Off-axial P-value Mean SD ...

Table 4 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Axial Off-axial P value Mean SD Mean SD ...

Table 3 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Lava Ultimate crowns Metal crowns P value Mean SD Mean ...

Table 2 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Load Crown type Standard Short-wide Double mini P value ...

Table 1 Descriptive statistics and results of comp...

Standard Short-wide Double mini P value Mean SD Mean ...

About this article : Peri-implant biomechanical re...

Elfadaly, L.S., Khairallah, L.S. & Al Agroudy, M.A. Peri-implant biomechanical responses to standard, short-wide, and double mini implants replacing missing molar supporting hybrid ceramic or full-metal crowns under axial and off-axial loading: an in vitro study. Int J Implant Dent 3, 31 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0094-2 Download citation Received: 14 Februar...

Rights and permissions : Peri-implant biomechanica...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Peri-implant biomechanical r...

The authors L.S.Elfadaly, L.S.Kheirallah, and M.A.Alagroudy state that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Peri-implant biomechanical re...

Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Lamiaa Said Elfadaly, Lamiaa Sayed Khairallah & Mona Atteya Al Agroudy You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar LSE have...

References : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Gracis S, Nicholls J, Chalupnik J, Yuodelis R. Shock-absorbing behavior of five restorative materials used on implants. Int J Prosthodont. 1990;4:282–91. Skalak R. Biomechanical considerations in osseointegrated prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;49:843–8. Misch C. Clinical biomechanics in implant dentistry, Contemporary Implant Dentistry. 3rd ed. 2008. p. 543–56. mosby,inc. Lundgren D, La...

References : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Himmlova L, Dostalova T, Kacovsky A, Konvickova S. Influence of implant length and diameter on stress distribution: a finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;91(1):20–5. Shetty S, Puthukkat N, Bhat S, Shenoy K. Short implants: a new dimension in rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla and mandible. Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry. 2014;4(2):66. Misch C, Bidez M. Contemporary implant d...

References : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Barbier L, Vander SJ, Krzesinski G, Schepers E, Van der Perre G. Finite element analysis of non-axial versus axial loading of oral implants in the mandible of the dog. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25(11):847–58. Saime S, Murat C, Emine Y. The influence of functional forces on the biomechanics of implant-supported prostheses—a review. J Dent. 2002;30:271–82. Balshi T, Hernandez R, Pryszlak M, Range...

References : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Mazor Z, Lorean A, Mijiritsky E, Levin L. Replacement of a molar with 2 narrow diameter dental implants. Implant Dent. 2012;21(1):36–8. Atwood D. Postextraction changes in the adult mandible as illustrated by micrographs of midsagittal sections and serial cephalometric roentgenograms. J Prosthet Dent. 1963;13:810–24. Felice P, Pellegrino G, Checchi L, Pistilli R, Esposito M. Vertical augment...

Conclusions : Peri-implant biomechanical responses...

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the following conclusions could be drawn: Implant design, superstructure material, and load direction significantly affect peri-implant microstrains. The recorded compressive and tensile microstrains for the tested designs were within the physiologic loading range, as they did not exceed the compressive or tensile strength of the bone-implant interf...

Discussion : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Regarding the effect of superstructure material on induced microstrains, generally, different implant designs supporting Lava Ultimate crowns showed higher mean microstrain values(1927.3 ± 1536.6 μɛ), in comparison with those supporting metal crowns (1313.7 ± 973.1 μɛ).Theoretical considerations [44, 45] and in vitro experiments [46,47,48,49] suggest that an occlusal material with ...

Discussion : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Regarding the effect of direction of loading on induced microstrains, it was shown that changing the position of occlusal loading had a considerable effect on the amount of distribution of stresses where axial loading generated even distribution of load around the implant in comparison to off-axial loading where stresses were more pronounced in the area of load application. This might be due to th...

Discussion : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

Previous studies have shown that direct correlations exist between microstrain magnitudes and bone stability/instability conditions. This has been summarized by Frost, when bone is loaded below about 2000 microstrains, bone can easily repair what little microdamage occurs. Yet, when pathologic overloading occurs (over 4000 microstrains), stress and strain gradients exceed the physiologic tolerance...

Discussion : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

To replace a missing lower molar in compromised ridge, different treatment options were suggested, using either a standard size implant with surgical procedures, short-wide implant, or two mini implants. Concerning the use of mini implant, splinted multiple implants increase the surface area that interfaces with the bone to lessen the per square millimeters of force borne by the bone [11]. The imp...

Results : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to ...

Results revealed that standard implant showed the statistically significantly highest mean microstrain values (3362.4 ± 757.4 μɛ). Double mini implant showed statistically significantly lower mean microstrain values (801.6 ± 251.4 μɛ), while short-wide implant showed the statistically significantly lowest mean microstrain values (697.6 ± 79.7 μɛ), with a P value

Methods : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to ...

Data were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) values. Data were explored for normality by checking data distribution and histograms, calculating mean and median values, and finally using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality. Stress data showed non-parametric distribution, so the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare between the types of implants. The Mann-Whitney U te...

Methods : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to ...

Each crown was cemented to its corresponding implant-abutment assembly using temporary cement (Cavex Temporary Cement, Cavex, Holland). Each implant received 4 strain gauges (Kowa strain gages, Japan) placed on the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of the epoxy resin adjacent to the implants. At these selected sites, the thickness of the epoxy resin surrounding each implant was reduced...

Methods : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to ...

In the present study, the following materials were used: titanium root form endosseous implants of standard diameter and length (4-mm platform, 3.8-mm diameter,12-mm length, fixture bevel 0.2 mm, Super Line System, Dentium, USA), short-wide implant (7-mm platform, 5.8-mm diameter, 7-mm length, Super Line System, Dentium, Seoul, Korea) with 1.5-mm machined surface and 5.5-mm threaded surface that ...

Background : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

There are several factors that affect force magnitudes in peri-implant bone. The application of functional forces induces stresses and strains within the implant prosthesis complex and affect the bone remodeling process around implants [8, 9]. While there are several methods of measuring strain, the most common is with a strain gauge, a device whose electrical resistance varies in proportion to t...

Background : Peri-implant biomechanical responses ...

The molars are one of the first teeth to be lost over lifetime; thus, their replacement is frequently needed. Implantation is generally the preferred choice to replace a missing single tooth avoiding vital teeth preparation and bridge fabrication [1]. The mandibular bone loss occurs as knife-edge residual ridge where there is marked narrowing of the labiolingual diameter of the crest of the ridge...

Abstract : Peri-implant biomechanical responses to...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical response of the peri-implant bone to standard, short-wide, and double mini implants replacing missing molar supporting either hybrid ceramic crowns (Lava Ultimate restorative) or full-metal crowns under two different loading conditions (axial and off-axial loading) using strain gauge analysis. Three single-molar implant designs, (1) single, ...

Figure 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-...

  Figure 5. Periapical X ray after 1 year of follow-up, the bone was stable and no sign of peri-implantitis was shown

Figure 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic ...

  Figure 4. Follow-up after 1 year, no radiographic sign was appreciating and the osseointegration was satisfactory

Figure 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of ...

  Figure 3. Final restaurations: The parallelism of the implants is achieved by carving the non-submerged part a occlusal view and b lingual view

Figure 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic ...

  Figure 2. Flapless surgical technique, atraumatic surgical procedure for zirconium implants using the circular scalpel (a)–sharp, clean cut without bleeding (b)

Figure 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration prev...

Figure 1. Diagnostic radiographic exploration previous to treatment

Discussion : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

To avoid exceeding the adaptive limits of the bone and maintain the proper stimulation of mechanical stress that will keep the bone vital, PEEK components seem a viable alternative to obtaining a similar modulus to that of cortical bone. In this way, bone could be stimulated, favouring remodelling without overload. It would concentrate the load by absorbing and distributing the same. Its cap...

Discussion : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Discussion Intraoral conditions (saliva pH, acidic drinks, bacterial plaque, etc.) interact with metals, increasing corrosion, a phenomenon that also affects titanium implants. Amongst other reasons, this is whereby patients increasingly request the use of materials free of metallic alloys. In response to this growing demand, zirconia implants are considered an alternative, due to their low...

Case : Zirconia implants and peek restorations for...

Case presentation A patient who is a 45-year-old woman and non-smoker has no medical record of interest. The patient complained of pain in the right second upper molar. She said that she felt intense pain while chewing. The pain was accentuated with occlusion and while chewing, making normal functioning impossible. The patient mentioned the absence of piece 16, which had been extracted 8 years...

Background : Zirconia implants and peek restoratio...

Background In the field of implant dentistry, the most widely used implants over the past 40 years are those manufactured from titanium, which are still the most popular. The recent demands for materials without metal alloys in dentistry, together with the increased sensitivity and allergies of some patients, have promoted the development of new materials. An example of this is zirconia-based...

Zirconia implants and peek restorations for the re...

Abstract Background One of the disadvantages of the zirconia implants is the lack of elasticity, which is increased with the use of ceramic or zirconia crowns. The consequences that could result from this lack of elasticity have led to the search for new materials with improved mechanical properties. Case presentation A patient who is a 45-year-old woman, non-smoker and has no medical record...

Figure 6. Von Mises stress distribution on bone

  Figure 6. Figure 6. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on bone. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively. The stress concentration occurred in the cortical bone around the neck of the implant. Groups L-M and ZL-M were quite similar and reduced stress

Figure 5. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on a...

Figure 5. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on abutment. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively. Von Mises stresses were relatively similar and concentrated at the coronal part of the abutment in all groups Figure 5. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on abutment. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively. Von Mises stresses were relatively similar and concentrated ...

Figure 4. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on i...

Figure 4. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on implant. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively Figure 4. a–d Von Mises stress distribution on implant. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively

Figure 3. a–d Maximum principal stress distribut...

Figure 3. a–d Maximum principal stress distribution on crown restoration. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively Figure 3. a–d Maximum principal stress distribution on crown restoration. From a to d: L-M, ZL-M, L-V, and ZL-V respectively

Figure 2. The graph of the interaction of the mate...

Figure 2. The graph of the interaction of the materials and restoration design

Table 4 Descriptive statistical analysis of the gr...

Group N Mean (N) Standard deviation Minimum Maximum L-M 12 2891.88a 410.12 2079.74 3486.96 L-V 12 2077.37bc 356.59 1220.96 2493.39 ZL-M 12 1750.28c 314.96 1084.36 2163.95 ZL-V 12 2202.55b 503.14 1292.20 2912.81

Table 3 The properties of the materials used in FE...

Material Young’s modulus (GPa) Poisson ratio Reference E.max CAD 95 0.20 [1] Vita Suprinity 65 0.23 [2] Vita VM 11 65 0.23 * E.max Ceram 64 0.23 [4] Implant and abutment 114 0.34 [5] Cortical bone 13.7 0.3 [5] Spongious bone 1 0.3 [5]

Figure 1. Crown restoration design

Figure 1. Crown restoration design

Table 2 The materials in the groups

Groups N Materials L-M 12 IPS e-max CADIPS e.max CAD glaze L-V 12 IPS e-max CADe.max Ceram DentinIPS e.max Ceram Glaze ZL-M 12 Vita SuprinityVita Akzent Plus ZL-V 12 Vita SuprinityVM-11Vita Akzent Plus

Table 1 The materials used in the study

Material Chemical composition (%) Coefficient of thermal expansion (10−6 K−1) Flexural strength (MPa) Manufacturer IPS e.max CAD; lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDS) SiO2 (57–80), Li2O (11–19), K2O (0–13), P2O5 (0–11), ZrO2 (0–8), ZnO (0–8), Al2O3 (0–5), MgO (0–5), coloring oxides (0–8) 10.2 360 Ivoclar Vivadent IPS e.max Ceram; low-fusing nan...

Conclusion : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured im...

Conclusions Within the limitation of the present study, it can be concluded that the restoration design affected the failure load of ceramics. Monolithic design had a statistically significant effect on the failure load of two different ceramics (LDS > ZLS). Veneer application had opposite effects on two different ceramics which increased the failure load of ZLS and reduced it for LDS witho...

Discussion : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured im...

Zheng et al. compared the stress distribution of the same veneering ceramic on different cores and concluded that the zirconia core was clearly different from other materials with higher tensile stresses at the veneer core interface because the increasing differences between the elasticity modulus of the core and the veneer transmitted higher stress concentrations to the cores. Con...

Discussion : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured im...

Veneer application provided additional strength to the ZLS crowns in contrast to the LDS crowns. The higher failure load of the veneered ZLS crowns (2202.55 N; group L-V 2077.37 N) may be associated with the higher flexural strength of the veneering porcelain VM-11 (100 MPa; emax Ceram 90 MPa). These veneered groups had a statistically significant difference from the monoli...

Discussion : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured im...

Similar results were presented in a study of Traini et al. as it was concluded that ZLS was comparable to that of existing zirconia-based ceramics and was suitable for oral function even in the posterior regions. In the literature, there have been few studies on this ceramic and a limited number of them include the failure load of the material. In one of these studi...

Discussion : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured im...

In literature, it has been stated that the failure load of LDS crowns was higher than veneered zirconia and could be comparable with metal ceramic systems. Doğan et al. evaluated the fracture strength of different CAD/CAM-manufactured crowns and concluded that the monolithic LDS crowns had the highest fracture resistance. Present study confirmed as monolithic LDS crowns demonstrated so satisfying...

Discussion : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured im...

Discussion Implant-supported restorations have been accepted as an alternative treatment for the rehabilitation of edentulous spaces. Despite the high success rates, implant failures are inevitable and classified as early or late implant failures. Late implant failures are observed after prosthetic restoration which is primarily related to biomechanical complications. Since occlusal loads are t...

Results : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured impla...

Results Descriptive analysis (mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum, maximum) of the groups is presented in Table 4. Group L-M exhibited the highest failure load values (2891.88 N ± 410.12 N), and the lowest values were observed in group ZL-M (1750.28 N ± 314.96 N). Two-way ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference between materials and veneering technique (p = 0.00 < ...

Method : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured implan...

  Statistical analysis The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 24.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test was used to evaluate whether the data distribution of the groups was normal. The homogeneity of the variances was analyzed by Levene’s test. Since test results indicated that data distribution of the groups was normal and the variances were homogenous,...

Method : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured implan...

All crowns were subjected to a combination firing that included crystallization and glaze firing according to each manufacturer’s guidelines in the ceramic furnace (Vita Vacumat 6000 M, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany). For veneered restorations, the design mode was changed to “split,” and the core was constructed in 0.6-mm thickness. In group L-V (n = 12), e.max ...

Method : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured implan...

Methods Preparation of test groups This study tested the current glass ceramic ZLS by comparing LDS with monolithic and conventional veneering techniques in implant-supported crowns: group L-M: lithium disilicate ceramic (monolithic), group L-V: lithium disilicate ceramic (conventional veneering), group ZL-M: zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (monolithic), group ZL-V: zirconia-reinf...

Background : Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured im...

Background Implants have been successfully used to replace missing teeth for many years. Notwithstanding the high success rates, complications such as screw loosening and/or fracture, prosthesis fracture, and even implant fracture are inevitable. The reasons of the complication may be related to decreased proprioception and low tactile sensitivity which makes implant-supported crowns more susc...

Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured implant-support...

Abstract Background Present study compared the failure load of CAD/CAM-manufactured implant-supported crowns and the stress distribution on the prosthesis-implant-bone complex with different restoration techniques. Methods The materials were divided into four groups: group L-M: lithium disilicate ceramic (LDS, monolithic), group L-V: LDS ceramic (veneering), group ZL-M: zirconia-reinforced l...