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Abbreviations : Does the manual insertion torque o...

Resonance frequency analysis Implant stability quotient

Availability of data and materials : Does the manu...

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Conclusions : Does the manual insertion torque of ...

The null hypothesis that finger tightening of transducer devices for RFA analysis may have a negative impact on the accuracy of ISQ measurements was rejected. Different forces applied during transducer tightening by different clinicians had no significant effect on the resulting ISQ values. Manual tightening of smartpeg magnetic devices allows for an objective and reliable determination of ISQ val...

Discussion : Does the manual insertion torque of s...

A great number of studies have summarized that the measurement of implant stability with RFA is reliable, is noninvasive, and can be used at any time after implant insertion and during follow-up [19, 20]. Various parameters have been demonstrated to influence the degree of primary implant stability [21, 22]. These include bone density [23, 24], surgical technique [25], implant insertion torque [26...

Results : Does the manual insertion torque of smar...

In the test group, mesial and buccal ISQ values of 30 implants were recorded by four examiners (S1–S4) after hand tightening the smartpegs. The control group considered mesial and buccal ISQ values of 30 implants with mechanically inserted smartpegs. Only 147 values could be recorded because one transducer broke and thereafter no further values could be obtained for this implant. At torque value...

Material and methods : Does the manual insertion t...

Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the difference between the test and control group. Variance analysis and continuous variables were determined. Pearson r correlation coefficient was tested to verify the relationship between the two variables (e.g., relationship between torque and ISQ). Statistical significance was set at p > 0.05.

Material and methods : Does the manual insertion t...

Three fresh bovine ribs from the same animal were selected for the current in vitro testing; the bovine ribs were of a similar size to those used by Gecikli et al. [16], thus attempting to imitate human edentulous bone with a similar composition of cortical and cancellous bone. The animal was farmed and sacrificed for food production. The bone was stored airtight, humid, and cool from the time the...

Background : Does the manual insertion torque of s...

While dental implants have become increasingly important in the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of patients, implant failure still does occur. Primary stability at the time of implant placement and the development of osseointegration in the following healing process (secondary stability) are essential parameters for implant success [1]. Primary stability can be considered as the biomechanic...

Abstract : Does the manual insertion torque of sma...

There is disagreement about the optimal torque for tightening smartpegs for resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Subjective finger pressure during hand tightening could affect the reliability of the resulting values. The aim of the current study was therefore to assess whether or not the insertion torque of a smartpeg magnetic device influences the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value during RFA....

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and posi...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomar...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive...

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC leve...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP lev...

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (co...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. T...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implan...

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relat...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) ALP level  (nM/μg protein)   Tooth (control) 175 (215) 203 (308) 148 (269) 143 (112) 266 (427) 145 (96) 181 (148) 191 (263) 107 (128)   Implant (test) 230 (238) 139 (139) 157 (293) 108 (134) 166 (434) 179 (251) 147 (...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) CF volume (μl)  Tooth (control) 0.20 (0.23) 0.26 (0.25) 0.19 (0.20) 0.19 (0.50) 0.17 (0.33) 0.18 (0.08) 0.13 (0.24) 0.23 (0.42) 0.20 (0.17)  Implant (test) 0.26 (0.30) 0.25 (0.41) 0.16 (0.21) 0.17 (0.19) 0.18 (0.33) 0.13 (0.14) ...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the...

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 ...

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relatio...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participat...

About this article : Relation between the stabilit...

Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y Download citation Received: 14 September 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 08 December 2016 DOI...

Rights and permissions : Relation between the stab...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Author information : Relation between the stabilit...

Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand Peraphan Pothacharoen Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...

Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability ...

The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209. Download references

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24. Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39. Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...

Conclusions : Relation between the stability of de...

Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1]. The primary stability comes from ...

Abstract : Relation between the stability of denta...

The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers. The study is a prospective...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and posi...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomar...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive...

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC leve...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP lev...

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (co...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. T...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implan...

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relat...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) ALP level  (nM/μg protein)   Tooth (control) 175 (215) 203 (308) 148 (269) 143 (112) 266 (427) 145 (96) 181 (148) 191 (263) 107 (128)   Implant (test) 230 (238) 139 (139) 157 (293) 108 (134) 166 (434) 179 (251) 147 (...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) CF volume (μl)  Tooth (control) 0.20 (0.23) 0.26 (0.25) 0.19 (0.20) 0.19 (0.50) 0.17 (0.33) 0.18 (0.08) 0.13 (0.24) 0.23 (0.42) 0.20 (0.17)  Implant (test) 0.26 (0.30) 0.25 (0.41) 0.16 (0.21) 0.17 (0.19) 0.18 (0.33) 0.13 (0.14) ...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the...

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 Female 46 3 2 38 Female 36 3 3 43 Female 37 3 4 64 Male 46 2 5 30 Female 47 3 6 48 Female 36 2 7 57 Male 36 3 8 28 Female 46 3 9 33 Male 46 2 10 49 Female 46 3   Table 2 Profile of patients

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relatio...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participat...

About this article : Relation between the stabilit...

Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y Download citation Received: 14 September 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 08 December 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10....

Rights and permissions : Relation between the stab...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Relation between the stabilit...

Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand Peraphan Pothacharoen Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...

Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability ...

The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209. Download references

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24. Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39. Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...

Conclusions : Relation between the stability of de...

Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1]. The primary stability comes from ...

Abstract : Relation between the stability of denta...

The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers. The study is a prospective...

Fig. 3. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® after eut...

Fig. 3. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® after euthanasia Fig. 3. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® after euthanasia

Fig. 2. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® immediate...

Fig. 2. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® immediately upon insertion Fig. 2. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® immediately upon insertion

Fig. 1. Customized SmartPeg diagrams : Customized ...

Fig. 1. Customized SmartPeg diagrams Fig. 1. Customized SmartPeg diagrams

About this article : Customized SmartPeg for measu...

Dhaliwal, J.S., Albuquerque, R.F., Fakhry, A. et al. Customized SmartPeg for measurement of resonance frequency of mini dental implants. Int J Implant Dent 3, 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6 Download citation Received: 09 November 2016 Accepted: 13 January 2017 Published: 01 February 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6

Rights and permissions : Customized SmartPeg for m...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Customized SmartPeg for measu...

Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal, Ali Fakhry & Jocelyne S. Feine Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Rubens F. Albuquerque Jr Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Sukhbir Kaur PAPRSB Institute of Health Sci...

References : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Dhaliwal J, Albuquerque R, Murshed, M, Tamimi, F, Feine, JS. A histomorphometric comparison of osseointegration with MDIs and standard implants. IADR/AADR/CADR 91st General Session, Seattle, Washington, USA, March 20–23, 2013 Zix J, Hug S, Kessler-Liechti G, Mericske-Stern R. Measurement of dental implant stability by resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment: comparison of b...

References : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Barros RR, Novaes Jr AB, Muglia VA, Iezzi G, Piattelli A. Influence of interimplant distances and placement depth on peri-implant bone remodeling of adjacent and immediately loaded Morse cone connection implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(4):371–8. Epub 2010/02/05. Marin C, Bonfante EA, Granato R, Suzuki M, Granjeiro JM, Coelho PG. The effect of alterati...

References : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Meredith N, Book K, Friberg B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in vivo. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997;8(3):226–33. Epub 1997/06/01. Meredith N, Alleyne D, Cawley P. Quantitative determination of the stability of the im...

References : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Ersanli S, Karabuda C, Beck F, Leblebicioglu B. Resonance frequency analysis of one-stage dental implant stability during the osseointegration period. J Periodontol. 2005;76(7):1066–71. Epub 2005/07/16. Bornstein MM, Chappuis V, von Arx T, Buser D. Performance of dental implants after staged sinus floor elevation procedures: 5-year results of a prospective study in partially edentulous patients...

References : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Shatkin TE, Oppenheimer BD, Oppenheimer AJ. Mini dental implants for long-term fixed and removable prosthetics: a retrospective analysis of 2514 implants placed over a five-year period. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2007;28(2):92–9. quiz 100-1. Epub 2007/02/27. Griffitts TM, Collins CP, Collins PC. Mini dental implants: an adjunct for retention, stability, and comfort for the edentulous patient. Or...

References : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Branemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81–100. Epub 1969/01/01. Meredith N. Assessment of implant stability as a prognostic determinant. Int J Prosthodont. 1998;11(5):491–501. Epub 1999/01/29. Lioubavina-Hack N, Lang NP, Karring T. Significance of primar...

Conclusions : Customized SmartPeg for measurement ...

The results of this animal study indicate that ISQ measurement of these single-piece MDIs is possible with the help of a custom-made SmartPeg and that 3M™ESPE™MDIs attain primary and secondary stability at the same levels as standard implants in the rabbit tibia.

Discussion : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

As there are no studies that provide data based on resonance frequency measurements for single-piece MDIs, the exact RFA threshold values for MDIs may have to be identified with more studies conducted in vivo. The resonance frequency assessment with a customized SmartPeg would be a useful tool to provide clinically useful information about the condition of the bone-implant interface of 3M™ ESPE...

Discussion : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

If the initial ISQ value is high, a small drop in stability normally levels out with time. A big drop in stability or decrease should be taken as a warning sign. Lower values are expected to be higher after the healing period. The opposite could be a sign of an unsuccessful implant, and actions should be taken accordingly. Studies have shown that the resonance frequency value is greatly associate...

Discussion : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

It is important to measure the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of single-piece mini dental implants as they are becoming increasingly popular, with the concomitant increase in publications demonstrating their high survival and success rates. Although the clinical use of Osstell devices is also increasing, there is lack of studies on its use with single-piece implants, which do not have internal t...

Results : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of r...

The ISQ values obtained while calibrating the customized SmartPeg were similar to in vivo results. Median ISQ values at insertion and at 6 postoperative weeks were 53.3 (IQR 8.3) and 60.5 (5.5) for the 3M™ESPE™MDIs, and 58.5 (4.75) and 65.5 (9.3) for the Ankylos® implants, respectively, with no statistical difference (Figs. 2 and 3). The ISQ values of both 3M™ESPE™ MDI and Ankylos® (Fig...

Methods : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of r...

ISQ values were averaged and compared between implant types and times using Wilcoxon’s matched pairs signed-rank tests at a significance level of p 

Methods : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of r...

For the MDIs, a small longitudinal skin incision was made just distal to the tibia/femur joint. The tibia/femur head was exposed subperiosteally, and an osteotomy was performed with the pilot drill under copious irrigation with saline solution, transposing the cortical bone to the depth of 0.5 mm. The implants were aseptically transferred to the bone site and manually rotated clockwise while exer...

Methods : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of r...

Single use Osstell SmartPegs for standard implants are made from a soft metal with a zinc-coated magnet mounted on top of it and attached to the implants or abutments’ internal threads. As the company does not provide SmartPegs for one-piece implants, we developed a customized SmartPeg for mini dental implants (3M™ESPE™ MDIs), which do not have internal threads (Fig. 1). After confirming th...

Objective : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of...

The aim of the study is to test the feasibility of a customized SmartPeg for ISQ measurement of single-piece mini dental implants and to compare the primary stability of a standard and the mini dental implant (3M™ESPE™MDI) in a rabbit model after 6 weeks of healing.

Background : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

There are no published studies on the ISQ measurement of mini dental implants, as SmartPegs for these implants are not available till date. Since these are one-piece implants and do not have an internal thread for the SmartPeg’s attachment, a custom-made SmartPeg needs to be fabricated for ISQ measurement. Therefore, we developed and tested a customized SmartPeg for 3M™ESPE™ MDIs to measure ...

Background : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Mechanical testing methods like reverse torque, or “pullout test,” have been used to study and measure the mechanical interface between implant and bone in various ways [22, 23]. The Branemark group has evaluated the mechanical properties of osseointegrated implants using torsion and pullout tests and lateral loading tests [24, 25]. Presence or absence of mobility and the bone level around the...

Background : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Osseointegration refers to the phenomenon for close apposition of the bone to the surface of an implant with no interposing tissue that can be clinically demonstrated by absence of mobility [1, 2]. Obtaining primary stability seems to be a precondition for a successful osseointegration [3]. Dental implants have a success rate of over 90% and are available in various sizes with different surfaces [...

Abstract : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of ...

The new custom-made SmartPeg is suitable for measuring the Implant Stability Quotient of 3M™ESPE™MDIs. The primary stability of 3M™ESPE™MDIs is similar to the primary stability attained by standard implants in the rabbit tibia.

Abstract : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of ...

One-piece narrow diameter implants (NDIs) have been recommended as “Single-tooth replacements in the anterior zones, single posterior, multiple-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), edentulous jaws to be rehabilitated with FDP, and edentulous jaws rehabilitation with overdentures in situations with reduced mesiodistal space or reduced ridge width.” (ITI consensus 2013). Since NDIs can be immedia...

Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. M...

Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was 0.2981 and at 1 year 0.6613 Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was ...

Fig. 2. ISQ values at placement, 6 weeks, 6 mont...

Fig. 2. ISQ values at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Mean and standard deviation of ISQ values taken at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year is presented. No statistical significant difference was determined between ISQ values at all time points. (p 

Fig. 1. Implant design. The OSPTX and OSP implants...

Fig. 1. Implant design. The OSPTX and OSP implants are manufactured from high-grade commercially pure titanium with surface roughness produced via a fluoride treatment process. The OSP implant is a screw-shaped self-tapping implant. The diameter used in this study was 4.0 mm. The implant length used in this study was 8 mm. The OSPTX implant has the same features as the OSP except the apex of t...

Table 2 Outcome success criteria : Comparative eva...

Implant success Clinically immobile when tested manually and/or with RFA (minimum ISQ = 65) Absence of peri-implant radiolucency present on an undistorted radiograph Absence of unresolved pain, discomfort, inf...

Table 1 Patient selection criteria : Comparative e...

Inclusion Male or female At least 18 years old Healthy enough to undergo routine implant surgery and subsequent dental treatment Partially edentulous requiring...

About this article : Comparative evaluation of the...

Simmons, D.E., Maney, P., Teitelbaum, A.G. et al. Comparative evaluation of the stability of two different dental implant designs and surgical protocols—a pilot study. Int J Implant Dent 3, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0078-2 Download citation Received: 18 January 2017 Accepted: 22 April 2017 Published: 02 May 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-01...

Rights and permissions : Comparative evaluation of...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Author information : Comparative evaluation of the...

Department of Periodontics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA David E. Simmons, Pooja Maney, Austin G. Teitelbaum, Susan Billiot & A. Archontia Palaiologou Tulane University SPHTM, 1440 Canal St, Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA Lomesh J. Popat You can also search for this author in PubMed Google...

References : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

De Bruyn H, Raes F, Cooper LF, Reside G, Garriga JS, Tarrida LG, et al. Three-years clinical outcome of immediate provisionalization of single Osseospeed() implants in extraction sockets and healed ridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(2):217–23. Ebler S, Ioannidis A, Jung RE, Hammerle CH, Thoma DS. Prospective randomized controlled clinical study comparing two types of two-piece dental impla...

References : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

O'Sullivan D, Sennerby L, Meredith N. Influence of implant taper on the primary and secondary stability of osseointegrated titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;15(4):474–80. Schwartz-Arad D, Herzberg R, Levin L. Evaluation of long-term implant success. J Periodontol. 2005;76(10):1623–8. Alves CC, Neves M. Tapered implants: from indications to advantages. Int J Periodontics Restora...

References : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Anitua E, Orive G. Short implants in maxillae and mandibles: a retrospective study with 1 to 8 years of follow-up. J Periodontol. 2010;81(6):819–26. Feldman S, Boitel N, Weng D, Kohles SS, Stach RM. Five-year survival distributions of short-length (10 mm or less) machined-surfaced and Osseotite implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2004;6(1):16–23. Felice P, Cannizzaro G, Checchi V, March...

Notes : Comparative evaluation of the stability of...

DENTSPLY International, Susquehanna Commerce Center, 221 West Philadelphia Street, York, PA 17401 I-CAT 17 19; Imaging Services International LLC, 1910 North Penn Rd., Hatfield, PA 19440 Intra-Lock International, 6560 S. West Rogers Circle, Suite 24, Boca Raton, FL 33487 Osstell USA, 6700 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 200, Columbia, MD 21046 ImageJ 1.50i Wayne Rasband National Institutes of Heal...

Conclusions : Comparative evaluation of the stabil...

Survival rates and stability of OSP and OSPTX implants was comparable. Osteotomy preparation either by the standard or by the soft bone surgical protocol had no significant effect on implant survival, success, and stability. Insertion torque presented a moderate to strong correlation with ISQ values at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Insertion torque presented a weak correlation to ISQ values...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Insertion torque presented a moderate to strong correlation with ISQ values at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year but not at time of implant insertion. This finding is in agreement with Acil et al. who reported no statistically significant correlation between insertion torque and ISQ at time of implant placement [22]. Although a strong correlation was found between insertion torque and bone loss at...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Augmentation of the maxillary sinus prior to dental implant placement is routinely performed in order to help patients restore their maxillary posterior dentition. Unfortunately, not all patients are candidates for this procedure due to either health, personal, or financial concerns. An alternative treatment without the need for a sinus elevation procedure is the use of a shorter implant. Research...

Results : Comparative evaluation of the stability ...

Overall implant survival rate was 93.3%. Two implants failed, one implant in group A (OSPTXSoft) and one in group B (OSPTXStd). Both implant failures occurred at the time of uncovery (at 6 weeks) and prior to loading of the implants and were attributed to lack of integration. With the exception of these two failed implants, there was 100% success for all remaining implants using the parameters de...

Methods : Comparative evaluation of the stability ...

ANOVA was used to compare the mean implant stabilities between the three groups. Post hoc testing was done via Tukey’s honestly significant differences test to calculate the differences between ISQ measurements at the time of implant placement, 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months (Fig. 2) as well as bone levels at 6 and 12 months (Fig. 3). The correlations of multiple parameters such as insertion t...

Methods : Comparative evaluation of the stability ...

Following proper approval by the LSUHSC Institution Review Board (LSUNO IRB#7438), 27 (30 implant sites) systemically healthy patients at least 18 years old were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups as follows (inclusion and exclusion criteria are described in detail in Table 1): Group A received 10 OSPTX implants using the soft bone surgical protocol (OSPTXSoft). Group...

Background : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

A recent systematic review by Stocchero et al. concluded that an undersized drilling protocol in soft bone is an effective way to enhance insertion torque but recommended that further clinical studies are needed to confirm these data [18]. Our study was designed to address this question, as it compared the standard drilling protocol to a soft bone protocol. Our study hypothesis is that the stabil...

Background : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Dental implants are now a widely accepted treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. The therapeutic goal of dental implants is to support restorations that replace single or multiple missing teeth so as to provide patient comfort, function, and esthetics as well as assist in the ongoing maintenance of remaining intraoral and perioral structures. However, anatomic limitations such as t...

Abstract : Comparative evaluation of the stability...

Survival and stability of OSPTX and OSP implants is comparable. Osteotomy preparation by either standard or soft bone surgical protocol presented no significant effect on implant survival and stability for the specific implant designs.

Abstract : Comparative evaluation of the stability...

The purpose of this study was to compare a parallel wall design implant to a tapered apex design implant when placed in the posterior maxilla using two different surgical protocols. Twenty-seven patients (30 implants) were divided into three groups. All implants were 4 mm wide in diameter and 8 mm long. Group A received 10 tapered implants (OSPTX) (Astra Tech OsseoSpeed TX™) using the soft b...

Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration :...

Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration

Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In...

Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective

Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph...

Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration

Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 mont...

Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration

Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with ...

Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders

Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for m...

Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration

Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corr...

Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth

Table 5 Marginal bone loss measured in mm : Six-im...

Collective Mesial Distal 1 year 55 months (40–84) 1 year ...

Table 4 Mean implant stability quotients (ISQ) of ...

Collective ISQ P At insertion 3 months Total (n = 57) 61.3 ± 7.8 ...

Table 3 Mean Periotest values (PT) of survived axi...

Collective PT value P At insertion 3 months Total (n = 57) −1.8 ± 2.4 ...

Table 2 Life table of implants : Six-implant-suppo...

Period # of implants # of failures Survival rate (%) Cumulative survival rate (%) 0 t...

Rights and permissions : Six-implant-supported imm...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Six-implant-supported immedi...

The retrospective data analysis was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008, and all patients signed an informed consent. After consulting the local ethic committee, the decision was that due to the retrospective character of this study, with no additional data acquisition, no ethical approval is needed according to the hospital laws of the appropriate sta...

Author information : Six-implant-supported immedia...

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany S. Wentaschek & S. Hartmann Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany C. Walter & W. Wagner You can also search for ...

Acknowledgements : Six-implant-supported immediate...

The authors would like to thank Bredent Medical (Senden, Germany) for providing the 3D-planning system and supporting the treatment nonfinancially.

References : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

Download references

References : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

Bayer G, Kistler F, Kistler S, Adler S, Neugebauer J. Sofortversorgung mit reduzierter Implantatanzahl: Wissenschaftliche Konzeption und klinische Ergebnisse. Berlin: Quintessenz; 2011. Hanley JA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology: the state of the art. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1989;29(3):307–35. Atieh MA, Alsabeeha NH, Payne AG, de Silva RK, Schwass DS, Duncan WJ. The prognos...

References : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

Pommer B, Mailath-Pokorny G, Haas R, Busenlechner D, Furhauser R, Watzek G. Patients’ preferences towards minimally invasive treatment alternatives for implant rehabilitation of edentulous jaws. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2014;7(Suppl 2):S91–109. Monje A, Suarez F, Galindo-Moreno P, Garcia-Nogales A, Fu JH, Wang HL. A systematic review on marginal bone loss around short dental implants (

Abbreviations : Six-implant-supported immediate fi...

Area under the curve Implant stability quotient Periotest Receiver operating characteristic

Conclusions : Six-implant-supported immediate fixe...

Within the limits of this small group (n = 10 patients/60 implants), the failure rate of the analyzed implant system (n = 3 respective 5% implant loss) seems to be comparable with other immediate-loading protocols. On the other side, the implant loss rate of tilted implants (n = 2 of 20) in the atrophic upper jaw was quite high, but still, the aimed treatment concept could be achieved in eve...

Discussion : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

Between baseline and first removal of the temporary restoration after 3 months, the mean ISQ increased and the mean PT value decreased significantly in the axial and tilted implants. This is in contrast to some other studies which evaluated no significant differences of stability parameters between primary and secondary stability with immediate loading in edentulous maxilla [16, 21, 22]. The pre...

Discussion : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

The overall implant survival rate of 95% is slightly lower than the reported mean survival rates of the concept of tilted implants and immediate loading in edentulous jaws [11] but still close to them and maybe more comparable to investigations in which implants were also immediately loaded in the edentulous maxilla which were partly placed in fresh extraction sites [15, 16]. Nevertheless, what is...

Results : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

After the temporary restoration with a fixed prosthesis, all 10 patients selected a fixed final restoration. These consisted of a cast metal framework with a full ceramic veneering including the replacement of at least the second premolars. They were made after a new impression on the abutment level (Figs. 6 and 7). The neck of the 20 tilted distal implants was positioned in region 4 (n = 5 impl...

Results : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

Ten patients with a mean age at implant insertion of 64 ± 11.3 years (range 38 to 81 years; six women, four men) were included. Sixty titanium screw implants (Table 1) were inserted and immediately loaded between 09/2009 and 01/2013. Seven patients had remaining teeth until implant surgery (two patients with 4, four patients with 7, and one patient with 12 teeth). Twenty-one (35%) of the 60 ...

Methods : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

Changes in marginal bone level were measured using the routinely made digital panoramic radiographs if these were available. The measurement tool was calibrated with the known respective implant length. To evaluate the bone loss, the difference was formed between the bone level at follow-up examination (Fig. 5) and at implant placement which is the baseline. An implant was considered as successfu...

Methods : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

The patients were screened with preliminary panoramic radiographs, and since all the implants were 3D planned (SKYplanX™ program, Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) and inserted with a guiding template, a cone-beam CT (CBCT) was obtained eventually (KaVo 3D eXam™ unit, KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach/Riss, Germany). The drillings were performed using a 3D-planned surgical template with different metal...

Methods : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

In a retrospective study, all patients with immediately loaded implants in an edentulous maxillae with limited posterior ridge dimensions that received an equal concept were included if they had a follow-up of at least 3 years. The concept contained immediate loading with distal tilted implants and six implants per edentulous maxillae of a single implant system (blueSky™ implants, Bredent GmbH,...

Background : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

For a few years, there has been a trend towards minimally invasive implant treatment concepts avoiding bone augmentation even in very atrophic edentulous jaws. These concepts aim to make an implant treatment with a shorter duration, with less inconvenience such as swelling or pain and possibly also economically more attractive [1]. If the implant treatment is less invasive, because of the possible...

Abstract : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed r...

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of six Bredent blueSky™ implants (Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) immediately loaded with a fixed full-arch prosthesis (two tilted posterior and four axial frontal and premolar implants). All 10 patients with atrophic edentulous maxillae being treated with a standardized procedure from 09/2009 to 01/2013, who had a follow-...

Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated ...

Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated and direct measured ISQ values of the tested implants Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated and direct measured ISQ values of the tested implants

Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing...

Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing to a 1 maximum RF based on 1000 measurements in case of a Straumann test implant Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing to a 1 maximum RF based on 1000 measurements in case of a Straumann test implant

Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a...

Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a Smartpeg mounted on a test implant. Note the red laser beam dot on the flat surface of the Smartpeg hexagon part Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a Smartpeg mounted on a test implant. Note the red laser beam dot on the flat surface of the Smartpeg hexagon part

Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffn...

Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffness aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex by laser Doppler vibrometry. Intentional partial imbedding of implants allows to detect both the deflection of implant and Smartpeg separately at different vertical levels by changing the position of the laser beam Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffness aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex ...

Table 2 Mean values (± SD) of recorded maximum ...

Batch # Implant system Implant length (mm) Implant diameter (mm) Mean measured resonance freq (kHz) SD meas...

Table 1 Published secondary implant stability valu...

Author and study Implant position (implant number) Mean ISQ values at given time-point post-insertion Type of Osstell device used Barewal et al. 2003 [10] ...

About this article : ISQ calculation evaluation of...

Debruyne, S., Grognard, N., Verleye, G. et al. ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro laser scanning vibrometry-captured resonance frequency. Int J Implant Dent 3, 44 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0105-3 Download citation Received: 11 April 2017 Accepted: 28 September 2017 Published: 12 October 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0105-3

Rights and permissions : ISQ calculation evaluatio...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : ISQ calculation evaluation o...

Stijn Debruyne, Nicolas Grognard, Gino Verleye, Korneel Van Massenhove, Dimitrios Mavreas, and Bart Vande Vannet declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : ISQ calculation evaluation of...

Correspondence to Nicolas Grognard.

Author information : ISQ calculation evaluation of...

Department of Mechanics, Research Group Propolis, School of Engeneering Sciences, Katholieke Hoge School Brugge-Oostende, Ostend, Belgium Stijn Debruyne Kliniek Royal, Koningstraat 41, 8400, Ostend, Belgium Nicolas Grognard CHIR-Unit Dentistry–ORHE, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium Nicolas Gro...

References : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

Han J, Lulic M, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analyis assessed by Osstell Mentor during implant issue integration: II: implant surface modifications and implant diameter. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;6:605–11. Bornstein M, Hart C, Halbritter S, Morton D, Buser D. Early loading of nonsubmerged titanium implants with a chemically modified sand-blasted and acid-etched surface: 6...

References : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

Adell R, Lekholm U, Brånemark PI. Surgical procedures. In: Brånemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T, editors. Tissue integrated prothese. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chigaco: Quintessence; 1985. p. 211–32. Strid K. Radiographic procedures. In: Brånemark P-I, Zarb G, Albrektsson T, editors. Tissue integrated prothese. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chigaco: Quintessence; 1985...

Conclusions : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vit...

In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the algorithm applied and provided by Osstell to calculate ISQ values is correct, making the laboratory procedure valuable for future research focused on stiffness aspects of the implant-Smartpeg complex and its possible influence on the overall RFA measurement. Vice versa, the present study demonstrates the correctness of the actual applied algor...

Discussion : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

The focus of this in vitro study was to develop a laboratory method, intended for future research of aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex stiffness and its possible influence on the overall RFA-based implant stability determination. In the past, other laboratory methodologies have been engineered to investigate implant deflection and/or lateral displacement by means of transducers. A setup using a ...

Results : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro l...

Mean values (± SD) of recorded maximum RF values, calculated indirect ISQ values, and direct recorded ISQ values for Ankylos (A) and Straumann (S) test implants are shown in Table 2. Using the Shapiro-Wilk test for indirect ISQ (p = 0.05) and direct ISQ (p = 0.02), we can conclude that both indirect and direct ISQ measures are not drawn from a normal distribution (data not shown). Bot...

Methods : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro l...

In total, for each given implant type with a given diameter/length configuration, 25 measurements for indirect and 5 measurements for direct ISQ computing were performed. The SPSS statistical software package 22.0 (IBM SPSS, Chicago, USA) was used. A Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify distribution normality for both direct and indirect determined ISQ values. The paired sample t test and the Wil...

Methods : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro l...

The Smartpeg excitation mode was exactly performed as described above. Notation of the maximum resonance frequency for indirect measurements is followed by notation of direct ISQ value on the display of Osstell IDx device. Positioning of the probe was not changed during indirect and direct recordings for a given test implant. Each resin block contained five identical implants with attached Smartp...

Methods : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro l...

Test implants originating from various manufacturers were investigated. Straumann sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA)® tissue level standard implants (Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) with the following diameter: length configurations were 3.3–12 mm (RN connection), 3.3–4.1 mm (RN connection), and 4.8–8 mm (WN connection), Ankylos Cell Plus® surfaced B-implant types (Dentsply Im...

Background : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

Laser Doppler vibrometry possesses a working principle based on the so-called Doppler effect and allows non-contact quantitative measurement of vibration (https://en.wikpedia.org/wiki/Laser_scanning_vibrometry, 2017). The Doppler effect itself finds its origin when a light beam is backscattered on a vibrating surface and experiences a change in wave phase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_eff...

Background : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

The computed ISQ value is based on the following calculation formulae: Hereby, f denotes the measured maximum resonance frequency (RF). Coefficients a, b, c, d, and e are property information of Osstell (Osstell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). The coefficients were provided for internal use under the agreement of no publication. From clinical reports [10,11,12,13,14,15,16] listed in Table 1, it ...

Background : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

At present, multiple implant stability assessment methodologies are used, both of invasive and non-invasive nature, including percussion test [1], X-ray evaluation [2], cutting resistance during implant insertion (e.g., electronic insertion torque determination) [3], turn-out or reverse torque test [4], Periotest® [5, 6], and resonance frequency analysis (“RFA”), e.g., the Osstell method [7, ...

Abstract : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro ...

Implant stability testing at various stages of implant therapy by means of resonance frequency analysis is extensively used. The overall measurement outcome is a function of the resulting stiffness of three entities: surrounding bone, bone-implant complex, and implant-Smartpeg complex. The influence of the latter on the overall measurement results is presently unknown. It can be investigated in vi...

Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow...

Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i32 and i34) Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i3...

Fig. 4. a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up ...

Fig. 4. n. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.) Fig. 4. a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up examination. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)

Fig. 3. a Primary implant stability. The histogram...

Fig. 3. by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden). b Secondary implant stability. The histogram shows the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) of osseointegrated implants. According to the measurement implant stability was classified as low with ISQ values  70 [34] Fig. 3. a Primary implant stability. The histogram visualises the distribution of the im...

Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follo...

Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxilla and in the mandible (log rank test, p = 0.173) over the follow-up period up to 37 months (Table 4) Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxi...

Fig. 1. a Closed short expandable dental implant (...

Fig. 1. e implant-abutment connection is characterised by an internal hexagon for rotation stability, combining the advantages of conical and parallel surfaces to reduce microgaps and micromovement [68]. The microthread concept and platform switching concept are implemented in the implant shoulder to reduce periimplant bone strain [53]. b Manual fixation of the expansion tool. Take note of the ...

Table 4 Clinical characteristics of the study coho...

Patient Sex Age (years) Implant position (FDI) Indication categorya Bone quality Prosthetic treatment ...

Table 3 Prosthetic treatment protocol : Novel expa...

Type of prosthetic treatment Session Procedure Fixed denture (bridge) 1 Open impression ...

Table 2 Surgical treatment protocol : Novel expand...

Surgical protocol Bone quality   D1 D2 D3 D4 1. Drilli...

Table 1 Patient recruitment : Novel expandable sho...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria 1. Adult patients, male and female 1. Comorbidity ASA category ≥ III 2. Partially/totally edentulous patients ...

About this article : Novel expandable short dental...

Reich, W., Schweyen, R., Heinzelmann, C. et al. Novel expandable short dental implants in situations with reduced vertical bone height—technical note and first results. Int J Implant Dent 3, 46 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0107-1 Download citation Received: 18 August 2017 Accepted: 12 October 2017 Published: 30 October 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40...

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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Additional files : Novel expandable short dental i...

Dataset presenting relevant raw data. (SAV 3 kb)

Ethics declarations : Novel expandable short denta...

WR is a senior physician at the University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Halle/Saale, Germany. RS is a clinical research associate at the University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany. CH is a consultant at the University H...

Author information : Novel expandable short dental...

Correspondence to Waldemar Reich.

Author information : Novel expandable short dental...

Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany Waldemar Reich, Christian Heinzelmann, Bilal Al-Nawas & Alexander Walter Eckert University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 16, 06112, Halle (Saale), Ger...

Acknowledgements : Novel expandable short dental i...

The authors are grateful to the DenTack Company for providing some of the implants and components used in this study. The courtesy of Oz Vachtenberg is acknowledged for providing Fig. 1a–f and the movie clip. There are no financial supports or conflicts of interest associated with this publication that could have influenced its outcome. We thank the Osstell Company, which supplied the RFA devic...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Kumari S. Microleakage at different implant abutment interface: a systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):ZE10–5. Feichtinger M, Gaggl A, SChultes G, Kärcher H. Evaluation of distraction implants for prosthetic treatment after vertical alveolar ridge distraction: a clinical investigation. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16(1):19–24. Pradeep PR, Kasti KJ, Ananthakrish...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Gehrke SA, Pérez-Albacete Martinez C, Piattelli A, Shibli JA, Markovic A, Calvo Guirado JL. The influence of three different apical implant designs at stability and osseointegration process: experimental study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(3):355–61. Herrero-Climent M, Santos-Garcia R, Jaramillo-Santos R, Romero-Ruiz MM, Fernandez-Palacin Lazaro-Calvo P, Bullon P, Rios-Santos JV....

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Malmstrom H, Gupta B, Ghanem A, Cacciato R, Ren Y, Romanos GE. Success rate of short dental implants supporting single crowns and fixed bridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(9):1093–8. Garfield RE. An expandable implant fixture. Dent Implantol Updat. 1998;9(5):37–40. Nowzari H, Chee W, Tuan A, Abou-Rass M, Landesman HM. Clinical and microbiological aspects of the Sargon immediate load imp...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Brenner M, Brandt J, Lauer HC. Prothetische Versorgung auf kurzen Implantaten. Zahnmedizin up2date. 2014;2:123–42. (German) Eitner S, Wichmann M, Schlegel KA, Kollmannberger JE, Nickenig HJ. Oral health-related quality of life and implant therapy: an evaluation of preoperative, intermediate, and post-treatment assessments of patients and physicians. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012;40(1):20–3. ...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

De Moraes SL, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Almeida DA, de Mello CC, Pellizzer EP. A 3-D finite element study of the influence of crown-implant ratio on stress distribution. Braz Dent J. 2013;24(6):635–41. Moraes SL, Pellizzer EP, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Silva JV. Three-dimensional finite element analysis on stress distribution in retention screws of different crown-implant ratios. Comput Methods...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Thoma DS, Haas R, Tutak M, Garcia A, Schincaglia GP, Hämmerle CH. Randomised controlled multicenter study comparing short dental implants (6 mm) versus longer dental implants (11-15 mm) in combination with sinus floor elevation procedures. Part 1: demographic and patient-reported outcomes at 1 year of loading. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(1):72–80. Hentschel A, Herrmann J, Glauche I, Vollmer A,...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Schwarz F, Terheyden H. Significance of dental implants for health care. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2011;54(9):1097–101. (German) Gates WD, Cooper LF, Sanders AE, Reside GJ, De Kok IJ. The effect of implant-supported removable partial dentures on oral health quality of life. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2014;25:207–13. Fretwurst T, Nack C, Al-Ghrairi M, Raguse JD, ...

Abbreviations : Novel expandable short dental impl...

Bone quality (density) World Dental Federation Implant stability quotient Resonance frequency analysis

Conclusion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Initial results of the ongoing study confirm the feasibility and safety of the employed system. The implant type seems to be useful for all bone qualities and shows high initial and secondary biomechanical stability in the maxilla and mandible. Long-term follow-up will be needed in validating these initial results in a larger 3-year clinical trial. Crestal bone changes should be evaluated in a la...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Comparable studies displayed at 24 months a crestal bone loss of 0.5–0.6 mm [15]. Other authors reported at 2, 3 and 5 years a mean loss of 0.57, 0.55 and 0.53 mm, respectively, in the mandible (without significant change after 1 year) [10]. On the other hand, randomised controlled trials demonstrated 1 year after loading periimplant marginal bone loss of 0.7 mm [70] and 1.1 mm [7] in th...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Contrary to conventional hollow-screw implants (only marginal gap), a problem of the expandable implant is the presence of gaps down to the apical region. Former microbial assessment of different implant-abutment interfaces displayed that none of the marginal connections had the capacity to prevent microbial leakage [63,64,65]. Therefore, an apical microleakage (comparable to distractable implants...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Regarding resonance frequency analysis, the values are related to bone quality and quantity as well as the exposed implant height above the alveolar crest, which depends on the type of implant and insertion technique [55,56,57]. Our results (primary stability in the maxilla 66.9 ± 8.9 ISQ units and in the mandible 72.5 ± 11.1 ISQ units; secondary stability in the maxilla 66.4 ± 10.0...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Several investigators analysed the preferred indications of short dental implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla and outlined the cost efficiency compared to additional vertical augmentations. In the present trial, we used a new short implant in both jaws and nearly all possible indication categories were represented, which proves the broad versatility (Table 4). In our study, two implant ...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Recent literature has shown that short implants have achieved growing acceptance in the field of oral implantology [9, 10, 39, 40]. Since the last years, concern has decreased about the length of endosseous implants; it should be noted that all extraoral screw implants are short implants [41, 42]. Nevertheless, there are local physiological and biomechanical differences regarding long-term stabili...

Results : Novel expandable short dental implants i...

Over the follow-up period, the mean crestal bone changes after loading were as follows (each compared to the baseline): in the first year, 1.0 ± 0.9 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.5) in the maxilla and 0.7 ± 0.4 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.0) in the mandible (p = 0.011; independent t test), and in the second year, 1.3 ± 0.8 mm 95% CI (0.8; 1.7) in the maxilla and 1.0 ± 0.7 mm 95% CI (0.6; 1.4...

Results : Novel expandable short dental implants i...

The first results of this longitudinal study include data from 9 patients with an average age of 57 years (range from 44 to 80) in whom 30 implants were inserted (maxilla n = 15, mandible n = 15). All 30 implants in the 9 patients could be inserted without intraoperative problems. Based on intraoperative and radiological findings, the bone quality was assessed as follows: D1 in n = 2,...

Material and methods : Novel expandable short dent...

All patients were pseudonymised, parameters were attached to a databank and analysed statistically (Additional file 2). Statistical analyses were performed using statistics software (IBM SPSS statistics, version 20, Chicago, IL, USA). The descriptive statistics presented the frequency and distribution of several occurrences as well as combinations of certain features. Analytical statistics were p...

Material and methods : Novel expandable short dent...

Simulation of the expansion process. At the end of the expansion process, a minimal snap back is realised. (MP4 9407 kb) Planning of the implantological treatment followed usual clinical and radiological examination and, concerning the position and number of implants, the recommended categories from the German consensus conference [35]. The drilling sequence, condensing preparation (where necess...

Material and methods : Novel expandable short dent...

The study was designed as a prospective monocentric longitudinal cohort study according to the STROBE criteria. The participants of this study were recruited at the university hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, implantological consultation from 2014 (June) until 2015 (June). Inclusion and exclusion criteria of adult patients...

Introduction : Novel expandable short dental impla...

It is known that achievement of primary stability is one precondition for osseointegration and treatment success. There are few reports of immediate [14] and early (6 weeks) functional loading of short implants [28]. This is related to good bone quality, implant design or implant site preparation (e.g. under-drilling). However, under-drilling of the crestal aspect may lead to decreased bone-to-im...

Introduction : Novel expandable short dental impla...

Endosseous implants have been established over several decades. The evaluation of treatment results under biomechanical, physiological, psychological, social and economic aspects has been well documented [1]. Furthermore, patient-based outcomes reveal a predictable gain in oral health-related quality of life [2]. Especially in patients with limited vertical bone height, process of treatment is ex...

Abstract : Novel expandable short dental implants ...

Short implants often have the disadvantage of reduced primary stability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new expandable short dental implant system intended to increase primary stability. As a “proof of concept”, a prospective clinical cohort study was designed to investigate intraoperative handling, primary and secondary implant stability (resonanc...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and posi...

Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c) Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomar...

Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive...

Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC leve...

Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP lev...

Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (co...

Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b) Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. T...

Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implan...

Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels : Relat...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume : Relation between...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks...

Table 2 Profile of patients : Relation between the...

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 ...

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria : Relatio...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participat...

About this article : Relation between the stabilit...

Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y Download citation Received: 14 September 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 08 December 2016 DOI...

Rights and permissions : Relation between the stab...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Relation between the stabilit...

Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand Peraphan Pothacharoen Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...

Acknowledgements : Relation between the stability ...

The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209. Download references

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24. Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39. Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...

References : Relation between the stability of den...

Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...

Conclusions : Relation between the stability of de...

Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].The primary stability comes from th...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1]. The primary stability comes from ...

Abstract : Relation between the stability of denta...

The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers. The study is a prospective...

About this article : Customized SmartPeg for measu...

Dhaliwal, J.S., Albuquerque, R.F., Fakhry, A. et al. Customized SmartPeg for measurement of resonance frequency of mini dental implants. Int J Implant Dent 3, 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6 Download citation Received: 09 November 2016 Accepted: 13 January 2017 Published: 01 February 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6

Rights and permissions : Customized SmartPeg for m...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Customized SmartPeg for measu...

Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal, Ali Fakhry & Jocelyne S. Feine Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Rubens F. Albuquerque Jr Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Sukhbir Kaur PAPRSB Institute of Health Sci...

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Dhaliwal J, Albuquerque R, Murshed, M, Tamimi, F, Feine, JS. A histomorphometric comparison of osseointegration with MDIs and standard implants. IADR/AADR/CADR 91st General Session, Seattle, Washington, USA, March 20–23, 2013 Zix J, Hug S, Kessler-Liechti G, Mericske-Stern R. Measurement of dental implant stability by resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment: comparison of b...

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Barros RR, Novaes Jr AB, Muglia VA, Iezzi G, Piattelli A. Influence of interimplant distances and placement depth on peri-implant bone remodeling of adjacent and immediately loaded Morse cone connection implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(4):371–8. Epub 2010/02/05. Marin C, Bonfante EA, Granato R, Suzuki M, Granjeiro JM, Coelho PG. The effect of alterati...

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Meredith N, Book K, Friberg B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in vivo. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997;8(3):226–33. Epub 1997/06/01. Meredith N, Alleyne D, Cawley P. Quantitative determination of the stability of the im...

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Ersanli S, Karabuda C, Beck F, Leblebicioglu B. Resonance frequency analysis of one-stage dental implant stability during the osseointegration period. J Periodontol. 2005;76(7):1066–71. Epub 2005/07/16. Bornstein MM, Chappuis V, von Arx T, Buser D. Performance of dental implants after staged sinus floor elevation procedures: 5-year results of a prospective study in partially edentulous patients...

References : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Shatkin TE, Oppenheimer BD, Oppenheimer AJ. Mini dental implants for long-term fixed and removable prosthetics: a retrospective analysis of 2514 implants placed over a five-year period. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2007;28(2):92–9. quiz 100-1. Epub 2007/02/27. Griffitts TM, Collins CP, Collins PC. Mini dental implants: an adjunct for retention, stability, and comfort for the edentulous patient. Or...

References : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Branemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81–100. Epub 1969/01/01. Meredith N. Assessment of implant stability as a prognostic determinant. Int J Prosthodont. 1998;11(5):491–501. Epub 1999/01/29. Lioubavina-Hack N, Lang NP, Karring T. Significance of primar...

Conclusions : Customized SmartPeg for measurement ...

The results of this animal study indicate that ISQ measurement of these single-piece MDIs is possible with the help of a custom-made SmartPeg and that 3M™ESPE™MDIs attain primary and secondary stability at the same levels as standard implants in the rabbit tibia.

Discussion : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

As there are no studies that provide data based on resonance frequency measurements for single-piece MDIs, the exact RFA threshold values for MDIs may have to be identified with more studies conducted in vivo. The resonance frequency assessment with a customized SmartPeg would be a useful tool to provide clinically useful information about the condition of the bone-implant interface of 3M™ ESPE...

Discussion : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

If the initial ISQ value is high, a small drop in stability normally levels out with time. A big drop in stability or decrease should be taken as a warning sign. Lower values are expected to be higher after the healing period. The opposite could be a sign of an unsuccessful implant, and actions should be taken accordingly. Studies have shown that the resonance frequency value is greatly associate...

Discussion : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

It is important to measure the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of single-piece mini dental implants as they are becoming increasingly popular, with the concomitant increase in publications demonstrating their high survival and success rates. Although the clinical use of Osstell devices is also increasing, there is lack of studies on its use with single-piece implants, which do not have internal t...

Results : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of r...

The ISQ values obtained while calibrating the customized SmartPeg were similar to in vivo results. Median ISQ values at insertion and at 6 postoperative weeks were 53.3 (IQR 8.3) and 60.5 (5.5) for the 3M™ESPE™MDIs, and 58.5 (4.75) and 65.5 (9.3) for the Ankylos® implants, respectively, with no statistical difference (Figs. 2 and 3). The ISQ values of both 3M™ESPE™ MDI and Ankylos® (Fig...

Methods : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of r...

ISQ values were averaged and compared between implant types and times using Wilcoxon’s matched pairs signed-rank tests at a significance level of p 

Methods : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of r...

For the MDIs, a small longitudinal skin incision was made just distal to the tibia/femur joint. The tibia/femur head was exposed subperiosteally, and an osteotomy was performed with the pilot drill under copious irrigation with saline solution, transposing the cortical bone to the depth of 0.5 mm. The implants were aseptically transferred to the bone site and manually rotated clockwise while exer...

Methods : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of r...

Single use Osstell SmartPegs for standard implants are made from a soft metal with a zinc-coated magnet mounted on top of it and attached to the implants or abutments’ internal threads. As the company does not provide SmartPegs for one-piece implants, we developed a customized SmartPeg for mini dental implants (3M™ESPE™ MDIs), which do not have internal threads (Fig. 1). After confirming th...

Objective : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of...

The aim of the study is to test the feasibility of a customized SmartPeg for ISQ measurement of single-piece mini dental implants and to compare the primary stability of a standard and the mini dental implant (3M™ESPE™MDI) in a rabbit model after 6 weeks of healing.

Background : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

There are no published studies on the ISQ measurement of mini dental implants, as SmartPegs for these implants are not available till date. Since these are one-piece implants and do not have an internal thread for the SmartPeg’s attachment, a custom-made SmartPeg needs to be fabricated for ISQ measurement. Therefore, we developed and tested a customized SmartPeg for 3M™ESPE™ MDIs to measure ...

Background : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Mechanical testing methods like reverse torque, or “pullout test,” have been used to study and measure the mechanical interface between implant and bone in various ways [22, 23]. The Branemark group has evaluated the mechanical properties of osseointegrated implants using torsion and pullout tests and lateral loading tests [24, 25]. Presence or absence of mobility and the bone level around the...

Background : Customized SmartPeg for measurement o...

Osseointegration refers to the phenomenon for close apposition of the bone to the surface of an implant with no interposing tissue that can be clinically demonstrated by absence of mobility [1, 2]. Obtaining primary stability seems to be a precondition for a successful osseointegration [3]. Dental implants have a success rate of over 90% and are available in various sizes with different surfaces [...

Abstract : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of ...

The new custom-made SmartPeg is suitable for measuring the Implant Stability Quotient of 3M™ESPE™MDIs. The primary stability of 3M™ESPE™MDIs is similar to the primary stability attained by standard implants in the rabbit tibia.

Abstract : Customized SmartPeg for measurement of ...

One-piece narrow diameter implants (NDIs) have been recommended as “Single-tooth replacements in the anterior zones, single posterior, multiple-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), edentulous jaws to be rehabilitated with FDP, and edentulous jaws rehabilitation with overdentures in situations with reduced mesiodistal space or reduced ridge width.” (ITI consensus 2013). Since NDIs can be immedia...

Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. M...

Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was 0.2981 and at 1 year 0.6613 Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was ...

Fig. 2. ISQ values at placement, 6 weeks, 6 mont...

Fig. 2. ISQ values at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Mean and standard deviation of ISQ values taken at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year is presented. No statistical significant difference was determined between ISQ values at all time points. (p 

Fig. 1. Implant design. The OSPTX and OSP implants...

Fig. 1. Implant design. The OSPTX and OSP implants are manufactured from high-grade commercially pure titanium with surface roughness produced via a fluoride treatment process. The OSP implant is a screw-shaped self-tapping implant. The diameter used in this study was 4.0 mm. The implant length used in this study was 8 mm. The OSPTX implant has the same features as the OSP except the apex of t...

Table 2 Outcome success criteria : Comparative eva...

Implant success Clinically immobile when tested manually and/or with RFA (minimum ISQ = 65) Absence of peri-implant radiolucency present on an undistorted radiograph Absence of unresolved pain, discomfort, inf...

Table 1 Patient selection criteria : Comparative e...

Inclusion Male or female At least 18 years old Healthy enough to undergo routine implant surgery and subsequent dental treatment Partially edentulous requiring...

About this article : Comparative evaluation of the...

Simmons, D.E., Maney, P., Teitelbaum, A.G. et al. Comparative evaluation of the stability of two different dental implant designs and surgical protocols—a pilot study. Int J Implant Dent 3, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0078-2 Download citation Received: 18 January 2017 Accepted: 22 April 2017 Published: 02 May 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-01...

Rights and permissions : Comparative evaluation of...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Comparative evaluation of the...

Department of Periodontics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA David E. Simmons, Pooja Maney, Austin G. Teitelbaum, Susan Billiot & A. Archontia Palaiologou Tulane University SPHTM, 1440 Canal St, Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA Lomesh J. Popat You can also search for this author in ...

References : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

De Bruyn H, Raes F, Cooper LF, Reside G, Garriga JS, Tarrida LG, et al. Three-years clinical outcome of immediate provisionalization of single Osseospeed() implants in extraction sockets and healed ridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(2):217–23. Ebler S, Ioannidis A, Jung RE, Hammerle CH, Thoma DS. Prospective randomized controlled clinical study comparing two types of two-piece dental impla...

References : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

O'Sullivan D, Sennerby L, Meredith N. Influence of implant taper on the primary and secondary stability of osseointegrated titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;15(4):474–80. Schwartz-Arad D, Herzberg R, Levin L. Evaluation of long-term implant success. J Periodontol. 2005;76(10):1623–8. Alves CC, Neves M. Tapered implants: from indications to advantages. Int J Periodontics Restora...

References : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Anitua E, Orive G. Short implants in maxillae and mandibles: a retrospective study with 1 to 8 years of follow-up. J Periodontol. 2010;81(6):819–26. Feldman S, Boitel N, Weng D, Kohles SS, Stach RM. Five-year survival distributions of short-length (10 mm or less) machined-surfaced and Osseotite implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2004;6(1):16–23. Felice P, Cannizzaro G, Checchi V, March...

Notes : Comparative evaluation of the stability of...

DENTSPLY International, Susquehanna Commerce Center, 221 West Philadelphia Street, York, PA 17401 I-CAT 17 19; Imaging Services International LLC, 1910 North Penn Rd., Hatfield, PA 19440 Intra-Lock International, 6560 S. West Rogers Circle, Suite 24, Boca Raton, FL 33487 Osstell USA, 6700 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 200, Columbia, MD 21046 ImageJ 1.50i Wayne Rasband National Institutes of Heal...

Conclusions : Comparative evaluation of the stabil...

Survival rates and stability of OSP and OSPTX implants was comparable. Osteotomy preparation either by the standard or by the soft bone surgical protocol had no significant effect on implant survival, success, and stability. Insertion torque presented a moderate to strong correlation with ISQ values at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Insertion torque presented a weak correlation to ISQ values...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Insertion torque presented a moderate to strong correlation with ISQ values at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year but not at time of implant insertion. This finding is in agreement with Acil et al. who reported no statistically significant correlation between insertion torque and ISQ at time of implant placement [22]. Although a strong correlation was found between insertion torque and bone loss at...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Augmentation of the maxillary sinus prior to dental implant placement is routinely performed in order to help patients restore their maxillary posterior dentition. Unfortunately, not all patients are candidates for this procedure due to either health, personal, or financial concerns. An alternative treatment without the need for a sinus elevation procedure is the use of a shorter implant. Research...

Results : Comparative evaluation of the stability ...

Overall implant survival rate was 93.3%. Two implants failed, one implant in group A (OSPTXSoft) and one in group B (OSPTXStd). Both implant failures occurred at the time of uncovery (at 6 weeks) and prior to loading of the implants and were attributed to lack of integration. With the exception of these two failed implants, there was 100% success for all remaining implants using the parameters de...

Methods : Comparative evaluation of the stability ...

ANOVA was used to compare the mean implant stabilities between the three groups. Post hoc testing was done via Tukey’s honestly significant differences test to calculate the differences between ISQ measurements at the time of implant placement, 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months (Fig. 2) as well as bone levels at 6 and 12 months (Fig. 3). The correlations of multiple parameters such as insertion t...

Methods : Comparative evaluation of the stability ...

Following proper approval by the LSUHSC Institution Review Board (LSUNO IRB#7438), 27 (30 implant sites) systemically healthy patients at least 18 years old were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups as follows (inclusion and exclusion criteria are described in detail in Table 1): Group A received 10 OSPTX implants using the soft bone surgical protocol (OSPTXSoft). G...

Background : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

A recent systematic review by Stocchero et al. concluded that an undersized drilling protocol in soft bone is an effective way to enhance insertion torque but recommended that further clinical studies are needed to confirm these data [18]. Our study was designed to address this question, as it compared the standard drilling protocol to a soft bone protocol. Our study hypothesis is that the stabil...

Background : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Dental implants are now a widely accepted treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. The therapeutic goal of dental implants is to support restorations that replace single or multiple missing teeth so as to provide patient comfort, function, and esthetics as well as assist in the ongoing maintenance of remaining intraoral and perioral structures. However, anatomic limitations such as t...

Abstract : Comparative evaluation of the stability...

Survival and stability of OSPTX and OSP implants is comparable. Osteotomy preparation by either standard or soft bone surgical protocol presented no significant effect on implant survival and stability for the specific implant designs.

Abstract : Comparative evaluation of the stability...

The purpose of this study was to compare a parallel wall design implant to a tapered apex design implant when placed in the posterior maxilla using two different surgical protocols. Twenty-seven patients (30 implants) were divided into three groups. All implants were 4 mm wide in diameter and 8 mm long. Group A received 10 tapered implants (OSPTX) (Astra Tech OsseoSpeed TX™) using the soft b...

Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration :...

Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration

Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In...

Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective

Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph...

Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration

Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 mont...

Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration

Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with ...

Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders

Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for m...

Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration

Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corr...

Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth

Table 5 Marginal bone loss measured in mm : Six-im...

Collective Mesial Distal 1 year 55 months (40–84) 1 year ...

Table 4 Mean implant stability quotients (ISQ) of ...

Collective ISQ P At insertion 3 months Total (n = 57) 61.3 ± 7.8 ...

Table 3 Mean Periotest values (PT) of survived axi...

Collective PT value P At insertion 3 months Total (n = 57) −1.8 ± 2.4 ...

Table 2 Life table of implants : Six-implant-suppo...

Period # of implants # of failures Survival rate (%) Cumulative survival rate (%) 0 t...

Table 1 Diameters and lengths of immediately loade...

  Diameter Length 10 mm 12 mm 14 mm 16 mm Axial ...

About this article : Six-implant-supported immedia...

Wentaschek, S., Hartmann, S., Walter, C. et al. Six-implant-supported immediate fixed rehabilitation of atrophic edentulous maxillae with tilted distal implants. Int J Implant Dent 3, 35 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0096-0 Download citation Received: 14 March 2017 Accepted: 13 July 2017 Published: 25 July 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0096-0

Rights and permissions : Six-implant-supported imm...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Six-implant-supported immedi...

The retrospective data analysis was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008, and all patients signed an informed consent. After consulting the local ethic committee, the decision was that due to the retrospective character of this study, with no additional data acquisition, no ethical approval is needed according to the hospital laws of the appropriate sta...

Author information : Six-implant-supported immedia...

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany S. Wentaschek & S. Hartmann Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany C. Walter & W. Wagner You can also search for ...

Acknowledgements : Six-implant-supported immediate...

The authors would like to thank Bredent Medical (Senden, Germany) for providing the 3D-planning system and supporting the treatment nonfinancially.

References : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

Download references

References : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

Bayer G, Kistler F, Kistler S, Adler S, Neugebauer J. Sofortversorgung mit reduzierter Implantatanzahl: Wissenschaftliche Konzeption und klinische Ergebnisse. Berlin: Quintessenz; 2011. Hanley JA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology: the state of the art. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1989;29(3):307–35. Atieh MA, Alsabeeha NH, Payne AG, de Silva RK, Schwass DS, Duncan WJ. The prognos...

References : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

Pommer B, Mailath-Pokorny G, Haas R, Busenlechner D, Furhauser R, Watzek G. Patients’ preferences towards minimally invasive treatment alternatives for implant rehabilitation of edentulous jaws. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2014;7(Suppl 2):S91–109. Monje A, Suarez F, Galindo-Moreno P, Garcia-Nogales A, Fu JH, Wang HL. A systematic review on marginal bone loss around short dental implants (

Abbreviations : Six-implant-supported immediate fi...

Area under the curve Implant stability quotient Periotest Receiver operating characteristic

Conclusions : Six-implant-supported immediate fixe...

Within the limits of this small group (n = 10 patients/60 implants), the failure rate of the analyzed implant system (n = 3 respective 5% implant loss) seems to be comparable with other immediate-loading protocols. On the other side, the implant loss rate of tilted implants (n = 2 of 20) in the atrophic upper jaw was quite high, but still, the aimed treatment concept could be achieved in eve...

Discussion : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

Between baseline and first removal of the temporary restoration after 3 months, the mean ISQ increased and the mean PT value decreased significantly in the axial and tilted implants. This is in contrast to some other studies which evaluated no significant differences of stability parameters between primary and secondary stability with immediate loading in edentulous maxilla [16, 21, 22]. The pre...

Discussion : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

The overall implant survival rate of 95% is slightly lower than the reported mean survival rates of the concept of tilted implants and immediate loading in edentulous jaws [11] but still close to them and maybe more comparable to investigations in which implants were also immediately loaded in the edentulous maxilla which were partly placed in fresh extraction sites [15, 16]. Nevertheless, what is...

Results : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

After the temporary restoration with a fixed prosthesis, all 10 patients selected a fixed final restoration. These consisted of a cast metal framework with a full ceramic veneering including the replacement of at least the second premolars. They were made after a new impression on the abutment level (Figs. 6 and 7). The neck of the 20 tilted distal implants was positioned in region 4 (n = 5 impl...

Results : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

Ten patients with a mean age at implant insertion of 64 ± 11.3 years (range 38 to 81 years; six women, four men) were included. Sixty titanium screw implants (Table 1) were inserted and immediately loaded between 09/2009 and 01/2013. Seven patients had remaining teeth until implant surgery (two patients with 4, four patients with 7, and one patient with 12 teeth). Twenty-one (35%) of the 60 ...

Methods : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

Changes in marginal bone level were measured using the routinely made digital panoramic radiographs if these were available. The measurement tool was calibrated with the known respective implant length. To evaluate the bone loss, the difference was formed between the bone level at follow-up examination (Fig. 5) and at implant placement which is the baseline. An implant was considered as successfu...

Methods : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

The patients were screened with preliminary panoramic radiographs, and since all the implants were 3D planned (SKYplanX™ program, Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) and inserted with a guiding template, a cone-beam CT (CBCT) was obtained eventually (KaVo 3D eXam™ unit, KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach/Riss, Germany). The drillings were performed using a 3D-planned surgical template with different metal...

Methods : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed re...

In a retrospective study, all patients with immediately loaded implants in an edentulous maxillae with limited posterior ridge dimensions that received an equal concept were included if they had a follow-up of at least 3 years. The concept contained immediate loading with distal tilted implants and six implants per edentulous maxillae of a single implant system (blueSky™ implants, Bredent GmbH,...

Background : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed...

For a few years, there has been a trend towards minimally invasive implant treatment concepts avoiding bone augmentation even in very atrophic edentulous jaws. These concepts aim to make an implant treatment with a shorter duration, with less inconvenience such as swelling or pain and possibly also economically more attractive [1]. If the implant treatment is less invasive, because of the possible...

Abstract : Six-implant-supported immediate fixed r...

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of six Bredent blueSky™ implants (Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) immediately loaded with a fixed full-arch prosthesis (two tilted posterior and four axial frontal and premolar implants). All 10 patients with atrophic edentulous maxillae being treated with a standardized procedure from 09/2009 to 01/2013, who had a follow-...

Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated ...

Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated and direct measured ISQ values of the tested implants Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated and direct measured ISQ values of the tested implants

Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing...

Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing to a 1 maximum RF based on 1000 measurements in case of a Straumann test implant Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing to a 1 maximum RF based on 1000 measurements in case of a Straumann test implant

Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a...

Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a Smartpeg mounted on a test implant. Note the red laser beam dot on the flat surface of the Smartpeg hexagon part Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a Smartpeg mounted on a test implant. Note the red laser beam dot on the flat surface of the Smartpeg hexagon part

Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffn...

Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffness aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex by laser Doppler vibrometry. Intentional partial imbedding of implants allows to detect both the deflection of implant and Smartpeg separately at different vertical levels by changing the position of the laser beam Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffness aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex ...

Table 2 Mean values (± SD) of recorded maximum ...

Batch # Implant system Implant length (mm) Implant diameter (mm) Mean measured resonance freq (kHz) SD meas...

Table 1 Published secondary implant stability valu...

Author and study Implant position (implant number) Mean ISQ values at given time-point post-insertion Type of Osstell device used Barewal et al. 2003 [10] ...

About this article : ISQ calculation evaluation of...

Debruyne, S., Grognard, N., Verleye, G. et al. ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro laser scanning vibrometry-captured resonance frequency. Int J Implant Dent 3, 44 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0105-3 Download citation Received: 11 April 2017 Accepted: 28 September 2017 Published: 12 October 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0105-3

Rights and permissions : ISQ calculation evaluatio...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : ISQ calculation evaluation o...

Stijn Debruyne, Nicolas Grognard, Gino Verleye, Korneel Van Massenhove, Dimitrios Mavreas, and Bart Vande Vannet declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : ISQ calculation evaluation of...

Correspondence to Nicolas Grognard.

Author information : ISQ calculation evaluation of...

Department of Mechanics, Research Group Propolis, School of Engeneering Sciences, Katholieke Hoge School Brugge-Oostende, Ostend, Belgium Stijn Debruyne Kliniek Royal, Koningstraat 41, 8400, Ostend, Belgium Nicolas Grognard CHIR-Unit Dentistry–ORHE, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium Nicolas Gro...

References : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

Han J, Lulic M, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analyis assessed by Osstell Mentor during implant issue integration: II: implant surface modifications and implant diameter. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;6:605–11. Bornstein M, Hart C, Halbritter S, Morton D, Buser D. Early loading of nonsubmerged titanium implants with a chemically modified sand-blasted and acid-etched surface: 6...

References : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

Adell R, Lekholm U, Brånemark PI. Surgical procedures. In: Brånemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T, editors. Tissue integrated prothese. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chigaco: Quintessence; 1985. p. 211–32. Strid K. Radiographic procedures. In: Brånemark P-I, Zarb G, Albrektsson T, editors. Tissue integrated prothese. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chigaco: Quintessence; 1985...

Conclusions : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vit...

In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the algorithm applied and provided by Osstell to calculate ISQ values is correct, making the laboratory procedure valuable for future research focused on stiffness aspects of the implant-Smartpeg complex and its possible influence on the overall RFA measurement. Vice versa, the present study demonstrates the correctness of the actual applied algor...

Discussion : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

The focus of this in vitro study was to develop a laboratory method, intended for future research of aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex stiffness and its possible influence on the overall RFA-based implant stability determination. In the past, other laboratory methodologies have been engineered to investigate implant deflection and/or lateral displacement by means of transducers. A setup using a ...

Results : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro l...

Mean values (± SD) of recorded maximum RF values, calculated indirect ISQ values, and direct recorded ISQ values for Ankylos (A) and Straumann (S) test implants are shown in Table 2. Using the Shapiro-Wilk test for indirect ISQ (p = 0.05) and direct ISQ (p = 0.02), we can conclude that both indirect and direct ISQ measures are not drawn from a normal distribution (data not shown). Bot...

Methods : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro l...

In total, for each given implant type with a given diameter/length configuration, 25 measurements for indirect and 5 measurements for direct ISQ computing were performed. The SPSS statistical software package 22.0 (IBM SPSS, Chicago, USA) was used. A Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify distribution normality for both direct and indirect determined ISQ values. The paired sample t test and the Wil...

Methods : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro l...

The Smartpeg excitation mode was exactly performed as described above. Notation of the maximum resonance frequency for indirect measurements is followed by notation of direct ISQ value on the display of Osstell IDx device. Positioning of the probe was not changed during indirect and direct recordings for a given test implant. Each resin block contained five identical implants with attached Smartp...

Methods : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro l...

Test implants originating from various manufacturers were investigated. Straumann sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA)® tissue level standard implants (Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) with the following diameter: length configurations were 3.3–12 mm (RN connection), 3.3–4.1 mm (RN connection), and 4.8–8 mm (WN connection), Ankylos Cell Plus® surfaced B-implant types (Dentsply Im...

Background : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

Laser Doppler vibrometry possesses a working principle based on the so-called Doppler effect and allows non-contact quantitative measurement of vibration (https://en.wikpedia.org/wiki/Laser_scanning_vibrometry, 2017). The Doppler effect itself finds its origin when a light beam is backscattered on a vibrating surface and experiences a change in wave phase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_eff...

Background : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

The computed ISQ value is based on the following calculation formulae: Hereby, f denotes the measured maximum resonance frequency (RF). Coefficients a, b, c, d, and e are property information of Osstell (Osstell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). The coefficients were provided for internal use under the agreement of no publication. From clinical reports [10,11,12,13,14,15,16] listed in Table 1, it ...

Background : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitr...

At present, multiple implant stability assessment methodologies are used, both of invasive and non-invasive nature, including percussion test [1], X-ray evaluation [2], cutting resistance during implant insertion (e.g., electronic insertion torque determination) [3], turn-out or reverse torque test [4], Periotest® [5, 6], and resonance frequency analysis (“RFA”), e.g., the Osstell method [7, ...

Abstract : ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro ...

Implant stability testing at various stages of implant therapy by means of resonance frequency analysis is extensively used. The overall measurement outcome is a function of the resulting stiffness of three entities: surrounding bone, bone-implant complex, and implant-Smartpeg complex. The influence of the latter on the overall measurement results is presently unknown. It can be investigated in vi...

Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow...

Fig. 5. Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i32 and i34)

Fig. 4. a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up ...

mandible.) Fig. 4. a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up examination. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)

Fig. 3. a Primary implant stability. The histogram...

Fig. 3. ution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) for both jaws measured by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden). b Secondary implant stability. The histogram shows the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) of osseointegrated implants. According to the measurement implant stability was classified as low with ISQ values  70 [34] Fig. 3. a Primary ...

Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follo...

Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxilla and in the mandible (log rank test, p = 0.173) over the follow-up period up to 37 months (Table 4) Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxi...

Fig. 1. a Closed short expandable dental implant (...

Fig. 1. he implant-abutment connection is characterised by an internal hexagon for rotation stability, combining the advantages of conical and parallel surfaces to reduce microgaps and micromovement [68]. The microthread concept and platform switching concept are implemented in the implant shoulder to reduce periimplant bone strain [53]. b Manual fixation of the expansion tool. Take note of the...

Table 4 Clinical characteristics of the study coho...

Patient Sex Age (years) Implant position (FDI) Indication categorya Bone quality Prosthetic treatment ...

Table 3 Prosthetic treatment protocol : Novel expa...

Type of prosthetic treatment Session Procedure Fixed denture (bridge) 1 Open impression ...

Table 2 Surgical treatment protocol : Novel expand...

Surgical protocol Bone quality   D1 D2 D3 D4 1. Drilli...

Table 1 Patient recruitment : Novel expandable sho...

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria 1. Adult patients, male and female 1. Comorbidity ASA category ≥ III 2. Partially/totally edentulous patients ...

About this article : Novel expandable short dental...

Reich, W., Schweyen, R., Heinzelmann, C. et al. Novel expandable short dental implants in situations with reduced vertical bone height—technical note and first results. Int J Implant Dent 3, 46 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0107-1 Download citation Received: 18 August 2017 Accepted: 12 October 2017 Published: 30 October 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40...

Rights and permissions : Novel expandable short de...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Additional files : Novel expandable short dental i...

Dataset presenting relevant raw data. (SAV 3 kb)

Ethics declarations : Novel expandable short denta...

WR is a senior physician at the University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Halle/Saale, Germany.RS is a clinical research associate at the University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.CH is a consultant at the University Hospi...

Ethics declarations : Novel expandable short denta...

WR is a senior physician at the University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Halle/Saale, Germany. RS is a clinical research associate at the University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany. CH is a consultant at the University H...

Author information : Novel expandable short dental...

Correspondence to Waldemar Reich.

Author information : Novel expandable short dental...

Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany Waldemar Reich, Christian Heinzelmann, Bilal Al-Nawas & Alexander Walter Eckert University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 16, 06112, Halle (Saale), Ger...

Acknowledgements : Novel expandable short dental i...

The authors are grateful to the DenTack Company for providing some of the implants and components used in this study. The courtesy of Oz Vachtenberg is acknowledged for providing Fig. 1a–f and the movie clip. There are no financial supports or conflicts of interest associated with this publication that could have influenced its outcome. We thank the Osstell Company, which supplied the RFA devic...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Kumari S. Microleakage at different implant abutment interface: a systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):ZE10–5. Feichtinger M, Gaggl A, SChultes G, Kärcher H. Evaluation of distraction implants for prosthetic treatment after vertical alveolar ridge distraction: a clinical investigation. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16(1):19–24. Pradeep PR, Kasti KJ, Ananthakrish...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Gehrke SA, Pérez-Albacete Martinez C, Piattelli A, Shibli JA, Markovic A, Calvo Guirado JL. The influence of three different apical implant designs at stability and osseointegration process: experimental study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(3):355–61. Herrero-Climent M, Santos-Garcia R, Jaramillo-Santos R, Romero-Ruiz MM, Fernandez-Palacin Lazaro-Calvo P, Bullon P, Rios-Santos JV....

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Malmstrom H, Gupta B, Ghanem A, Cacciato R, Ren Y, Romanos GE. Success rate of short dental implants supporting single crowns and fixed bridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(9):1093–8. Garfield RE. An expandable implant fixture. Dent Implantol Updat. 1998;9(5):37–40. Nowzari H, Chee W, Tuan A, Abou-Rass M, Landesman HM. Clinical and microbiological aspects of the Sargon immediate load imp...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Brenner M, Brandt J, Lauer HC. Prothetische Versorgung auf kurzen Implantaten. Zahnmedizin up2date. 2014;2:123–42. (German) Eitner S, Wichmann M, Schlegel KA, Kollmannberger JE, Nickenig HJ. Oral health-related quality of life and implant therapy: an evaluation of preoperative, intermediate, and post-treatment assessments of patients and physicians. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012;40(1):20–3. ...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

De Moraes SL, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Almeida DA, de Mello CC, Pellizzer EP. A 3-D finite element study of the influence of crown-implant ratio on stress distribution. Braz Dent J. 2013;24(6):635–41. Moraes SL, Pellizzer EP, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Silva JV. Three-dimensional finite element analysis on stress distribution in retention screws of different crown-implant ratios. Comput Methods...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Thoma DS, Haas R, Tutak M, Garcia A, Schincaglia GP, Hämmerle CH. Randomised controlled multicenter study comparing short dental implants (6 mm) versus longer dental implants (11-15 mm) in combination with sinus floor elevation procedures. Part 1: demographic and patient-reported outcomes at 1 year of loading. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(1):72–80. Hentschel A, Herrmann J, Glauche I, Vollmer A,...

References : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Schwarz F, Terheyden H. Significance of dental implants for health care. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2011;54(9):1097–101. (German) Gates WD, Cooper LF, Sanders AE, Reside GJ, De Kok IJ. The effect of implant-supported removable partial dentures on oral health quality of life. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2014;25:207–13. Fretwurst T, Nack C, Al-Ghrairi M, Raguse JD, ...

Abbreviations : Novel expandable short dental impl...

Bone quality (density) World Dental Federation Implant stability quotient Resonance frequency analysis

Conclusion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Initial results of the ongoing study confirm the feasibility and safety of the employed system. The implant type seems to be useful for all bone qualities and shows high initial and secondary biomechanical stability in the maxilla and mandible. Long-term follow-up will be needed in validating these initial results in a larger 3-year clinical trial. Crestal bone changes should be evaluated in a la...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Comparable studies displayed at 24 months a crestal bone loss of 0.5–0.6 mm [15]. Other authors reported at 2, 3 and 5 years a mean loss of 0.57, 0.55 and 0.53 mm, respectively, in the mandible (without significant change after 1 year) [10]. On the other hand, randomised controlled trials demonstrated 1 year after loading periimplant marginal bone loss of 0.7 mm [70] and 1.1 mm [7] in th...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Contrary to conventional hollow-screw implants (only marginal gap), a problem of the expandable implant is the presence of gaps down to the apical region. Former microbial assessment of different implant-abutment interfaces displayed that none of the marginal connections had the capacity to prevent microbial leakage [63,64,65]. Therefore, an apical microleakage (comparable to distractable implants...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Regarding resonance frequency analysis, the values are related to bone quality and quantity as well as the exposed implant height above the alveolar crest, which depends on the type of implant and insertion technique [55,56,57]. Our results (primary stability in the maxilla 66.9 ± 8.9 ISQ units and in the mandible 72.5 ± 11.1 ISQ units; secondary stability in the maxilla 66.4 ± 10.0...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Several investigators analysed the preferred indications of short dental implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla and outlined the cost efficiency compared to additional vertical augmentations. In the present trial, we used a new short implant in both jaws and nearly all possible indication categories were represented, which proves the broad versatility (Table 4). In our study, two implant ...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Recent literature has shown that short implants have achieved growing acceptance in the field of oral implantology [9, 10, 39, 40]. Since the last years, concern has decreased about the length of endosseous implants; it should be noted that all extraoral screw implants are short implants [41, 42]. Nevertheless, there are local physiological and biomechanical differences regarding long-term stabili...

Results : Novel expandable short dental implants i...

Over the follow-up period, the mean crestal bone changes after loading were as follows (each compared to the baseline): in the first year, 1.0 ± 0.9 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.5) in the maxilla and 0.7 ± 0.4 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.0) in the mandible (p = 0.011; independent t test), and in the second year, 1.3 ± 0.8 mm 95% CI (0.8; 1.7) in the maxilla and 1.0 ± 0.7 mm 95% CI (0.6; 1.4...

Results : Novel expandable short dental implants i...

The first results of this longitudinal study include data from 9 patients with an average age of 57 years (range from 44 to 80) in whom 30 implants were inserted (maxilla n = 15, mandible n = 15). All 30 implants in the 9 patients could be inserted without intraoperative problems. Based on intraoperative and radiological findings, the bone quality was assessed as follows: D1 in n = 2,...

Material and methods : Novel expandable short dent...

All patients were pseudonymised, parameters were attached to a databank and analysed statistically (Additional file 2). Statistical analyses were performed using statistics software (IBM SPSS statistics, version 20, Chicago, IL, USA). The descriptive statistics presented the frequency and distribution of several occurrences as well as combinations of certain features. Analytical statistics were p...

Material and methods : Novel expandable short dent...

Simulation of the expansion process. At the end of the expansion process, a minimal snap back is realised. (MP4 9407 kb) Planning of the implantological treatment followed usual clinical and radiological examination and, concerning the position and number of implants, the recommended categories from the German consensus conference [35]. The drilling sequence, condensing preparation (where necess...

Material and methods : Novel expandable short dent...

The study was designed as a prospective monocentric longitudinal cohort study according to the STROBE criteria. The participants of this study were recruited at the university hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, implantological consultation from 2014 (June) until 2015 (June). Inclusion and exclusion criteria of adult patients...

Introduction : Novel expandable short dental impla...

It is known that achievement of primary stability is one precondition for osseointegration and treatment success. There are few reports of immediate [14] and early (6 weeks) functional loading of short implants [28]. This is related to good bone quality, implant design or implant site preparation (e.g. under-drilling). However, under-drilling of the crestal aspect may lead to decreased bone-to-im...

Introduction : Novel expandable short dental impla...

Endosseous implants have been established over several decades. The evaluation of treatment results under biomechanical, physiological, psychological, social and economic aspects has been well documented [1]. Furthermore, patient-based outcomes reveal a predictable gain in oral health-related quality of life [2]. Especially in patients with limited vertical bone height, process of treatment is ex...

Abstract : Novel expandable short dental implants ...

Short implants often have the disadvantage of reduced primary stability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new expandable short dental implant system intended to increase primary stability. As a “proof of concept”, a prospective clinical cohort study was designed to investigate intraoperative handling, primary and secondary implant stability (resonanc...

Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7...

Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant at the time of its placement at the mandibular left second premolar in a 63-year-old Caucasian female. b Radiographic image of a three-unit fixed partial denture upon its initial placement. The dental implant is the anterior abutment with the prosthesis screw retained to it. The distal abutment is the mandibular left sec...

Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment i...

Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment installation on a 5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant used to help support a removable partial denture for a 71-year-old Caucasian male. b Radiograph of the area taken at 82 months demonstrates good bone stability. c Clinical image of the area 82 months later. Soft tissue remains healthy. The two teeth anterior are in the process of receivin...

Table 5 Resonance frequency analysis : A 1–7 ye...

Time ISQ n Implant insertion 73.6 ± 8.1 86 1–4 weeks ...

Table 4 Implant survival, life table analysis : A ...

Interval Implants Failed Not followed CSR (%) Insertion to 1 year ...

Table 3 Specification of failed implants (three im...

Sex Age Smoker Risk factors Position Implant diameter ...

Table 2 Implant and site-related specifications : ...

  Number Percent Jaw Maxilla 60 69.8 Mandible ...

Table 1 Patient demographics : A 1–7 year retro...

  Number Percent Age (years) 20–29 1 1.3 30–39 ...

About this article : A 1–7 year retrospective f...

Rosen, P.S., Sahlin, H., Seemann, R. et al. A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants with an electrowetted surface. Int J Implant Dent 4, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136-4 Download citation Received: 08 January 2018 Accepted: 21 May 2018 Published: 23 August 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136...

Rights and permissions : A 1–7 year retrospecti...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : A 1–7 year retrospective ...

The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection was performed in such a manner that subjects could not be identified, and therefore, it was exempt from IRB review according to Federal Regulation 45 CFR 46.101(b). All participants consented to publish their information details through the clinic’s standard patient consent procedure. Also, all images appear...

Author information : A 1–7 year retrospective f...

Clinical Professor of Periodontics, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA Paul S. Rosen Private Practice limited to Periodontics and Dental Implants, 907 Floral Vale Boulevard, Yardley, PA, 19067, USA Paul S. Rosen Neoss Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden Herman Sahlin University Clinic of Craniofacial, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vienna, Aust...

Availability of data and materials : A 1–7 year...

Due to the ethical and legal responsibility to respect participants’ rights to privacy and to protect their identity, the clinical dataset is not made publicly available.

References : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Srinivasan M, Vazquez L, Rieder P, Moraguez O, Bernard JP, Belser UC. Survival rates of short (6 mm) micro-rough surface implants: a review of literature and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(5):539–45. Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Diabetes and oral implant failure: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(9):859–67. Giro G, Chambrone L, Goldstein A, Rodrigues JA,...

References : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Jemt T, Olsson M, Franke SV. Incidence of first implant failure: a retroprospective study of 27 years of implant operations at one specialist clinic. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17(Suppl 2):e501–10. Pommer B, Frantal S, Willer J, Posch M, Watzek G, Tepper G. Impact of dental implant length on early failure rates: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):856...

Abbreviations : A 1–7 year retrospective follow...

Cumulative survival rate Implant stability quotient Insertion torque Odds ratio Resonance frequency analysis Relative risk

Conclusion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

The current retrospective consecutive case series study provides preliminary data that treatment with 7-mm-length short implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface is a reasonable approach in sites with limited vertical bone dimension. It adds to the body of evidence supporting short implant use for compromised sites. The success seen might be attributed to the larger implant diameters that ...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Thirty-six percent of the implants in the study were placed in extraction sockets. Provided that sufficient initial implant stability is achieved, there should be no additional risk factors compared to implants in healed sites. Studies have shown no difference in marginal bone remodeling between immediately placed and delayed implants [15]. The biggest limitation of the current study is its very ...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

A wide distribution in implant insertion torque (10–50 Ncm) was seen in the study. This reflects the variety of clinical situations in which the implants were placed. Assessments were made by using both the RFA value and the insertion torque as to first whether an implant should have been left to heal in the first place and if so, how this would be best accomplished, i.e., through its submergen...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

This retrospective study is the first to look at short dental implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface. The survival data suggest that this treatment is a viable option to care. In a systematic review that identified 13 studies on implants shorter than 10 mm, the CSR from the individual studies ranged from 80 to 100% with a combined CSR of 98.3% after 5 years, 94.8% after 6 years, and ...

Results : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

The chart review identified 86 placed implants in 75 patients. Table 1 summarizes the patient demographics of the 75 patients. Patients ranged in age from 29 to 88 years with a mean of 61.0 ± 12.5 years. Twenty-seven of the patients were males and 48 were females. Table 2 summarizes the implant and site-related information of the 86 placed implants. Mean insertion torque was 30.1 ± 7...

Methods : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

Baseline parameters, both patient- and implant-related, as well as follow-up parameters (implant survival, follow-up time, and resonance frequency analysis) were collected from a review of the patient records. The main study parameters (principal outcome parameters) were defined to be implant loss and follow-up time. The cumulative survival rate was estimated. The influence of several factors on ...

Methods : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

A retrospective study on short 7 mm hydrophilic implants from a single center was conducted in a private practice limited to periodontics and surgical dental implant placements from one of the authors, PSR (Yardley, Pennsylvania, USA). An exhaustive chart review identified 75 patients for analysis that were treated with 86 short (7 mm) implants during a 5-year period (September 1, 2009, to Novem...

Background : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

The aim of this retrospective consecutive case series study was to investigate implant survival rate and analyze possible factors affecting the survival of short implants placed in one surgical practice focused on implantology and periodontology in a temporal cohort.

Background : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

In the past decades, the osseointegration rate of dental implants has dramatically increased, particularly in sites of softer dental bone, which may be attributed to the introduction of moderately roughened surfaces [1, 2]. Moreover, because of this increase in success, clinicians have attempted to push the envelope and place implants into sites that may provide a greater challenge as they wish to...

Abstract : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up o...

This retrospective consecutive case series study was performed to determinate the survival rate and implant stability of short (7 mm length) dental implants with an electrowetted hydrophilic surface that were in function from 1 to 7 years. A retrospective chart review identified and evaluated 86 consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants (ProActive, Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, England) in 75 pat...

Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7...

Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant at the time of its placement at the mandibular left second premolar in a 63-year-old Caucasian female. b Radiographic image of a three-unit fixed partial denture upon its initial placement. The dental implant is the anterior abutment with the prosthesis screw retained to it. The distal abutment is the mandibular left sec...

Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment i...

Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment installation on a 5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant used to help support a removable partial denture for a 71-year-old Caucasian male. b Radiograph of the area taken at 82 months demonstrates good bone stability. c Clinical image of the area 82 months later. Soft tissue remains healthy. The two teeth anterior are in the process of receivin...

Table 5 Resonance frequency analysis : A 1–7 ye...

Time ISQ n Implant insertion 73.6 ± 8.1 86 1–4 weeks ...

Table 4 Implant survival, life table analysis : A ...

Interval Implants Failed Not followed CSR (%) Insertion to 1 year ...

Table 3 Specification of failed implants (three im...

Sex Age Smoker Risk factors Position Implant diameter ...

Table 2 Implant and site-related specifications : ...

  Number Percent Jaw Maxilla 60 69.8 Mandible ...

Table 1 Patient demographics : A 1–7 year retro...

  Number Percent Age (years) 20–29 1 1.3 30–39 ...

About this article : A 1–7 year retrospective f...

Rosen, P.S., Sahlin, H., Seemann, R. et al. A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants with an electrowetted surface. Int J Implant Dent 4, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136-4 Download citation Received: 08 January 2018 Accepted: 21 May 2018 Published: 23 August 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136...

Rights and permissions : A 1–7 year retrospecti...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : A 1–7 year retrospective ...

The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection was performed in such a manner that subjects could not be identified, and therefore, it was exempt from IRB review according to Federal Regulation 45 CFR 46.101(b). All participants consented to publish their information details through the clinic’s standard patient consent procedure. Also, all images appear...

Author information : A 1–7 year retrospective f...

Clinical Professor of Periodontics, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA Paul S. Rosen Private Practice limited to Periodontics and Dental Implants, 907 Floral Vale Boulevard, Yardley, PA, 19067, USA Paul S. Rosen Neoss Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden Herman Sahlin University Clinic of Craniofacial, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vienna, Aust...

Availability of data and materials : A 1–7 year...

Due to the ethical and legal responsibility to respect participants’ rights to privacy and to protect their identity, the clinical dataset is not made publicly available.

References : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Srinivasan M, Vazquez L, Rieder P, Moraguez O, Bernard JP, Belser UC. Survival rates of short (6 mm) micro-rough surface implants: a review of literature and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(5):539–45. Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Diabetes and oral implant failure: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(9):859–67. Giro G, Chambrone L, Goldstein A, Rodrigues JA,...

References : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Jemt T, Olsson M, Franke SV. Incidence of first implant failure: a retroprospective study of 27 years of implant operations at one specialist clinic. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17(Suppl 2):e501–10. Pommer B, Frantal S, Willer J, Posch M, Watzek G, Tepper G. Impact of dental implant length on early failure rates: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):856...

Abbreviations : A 1–7 year retrospective follow...

Cumulative survival rate Implant stability quotient Insertion torque Odds ratio Resonance frequency analysis Relative risk

Conclusion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

The current retrospective consecutive case series study provides preliminary data that treatment with 7-mm-length short implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface is a reasonable approach in sites with limited vertical bone dimension. It adds to the body of evidence supporting short implant use for compromised sites. The success seen might be attributed to the larger implant diameters that ...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Thirty-six percent of the implants in the study were placed in extraction sockets. Provided that sufficient initial implant stability is achieved, there should be no additional risk factors compared to implants in healed sites. Studies have shown no difference in marginal bone remodeling between immediately placed and delayed implants [15]. The biggest limitation of the current study is its very ...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

A wide distribution in implant insertion torque (10–50 Ncm) was seen in the study. This reflects the variety of clinical situations in which the implants were placed. Assessments were made by using both the RFA value and the insertion torque as to first whether an implant should have been left to heal in the first place and if so, how this would be best accomplished, i.e., through its submergen...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

This retrospective study is the first to look at short dental implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface. The survival data suggest that this treatment is a viable option to care. In a systematic review that identified 13 studies on implants shorter than 10 mm, the CSR from the individual studies ranged from 80 to 100% with a combined CSR of 98.3% after 5 years, 94.8% after 6 years, and ...

Results : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

The chart review identified 86 placed implants in 75 patients. Table 1 summarizes the patient demographics of the 75 patients. Patients ranged in age from 29 to 88 years with a mean of 61.0 ± 12.5 years. Twenty-seven of the patients were males and 48 were females. Table 2 summarizes the implant and site-related information of the 86 placed implants. Mean insertion torque was 30.1 ± 7...

Methods : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

Baseline parameters, both patient- and implant-related, as well as follow-up parameters (implant survival, follow-up time, and resonance frequency analysis) were collected from a review of the patient records. The main study parameters (principal outcome parameters) were defined to be implant loss and follow-up time. The cumulative survival rate was estimated. The influence of several factors on ...

Methods : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

A retrospective study on short 7 mm hydrophilic implants from a single center was conducted in a private practice limited to periodontics and surgical dental implant placements from one of the authors, PSR (Yardley, Pennsylvania, USA). An exhaustive chart review identified 75 patients for analysis that were treated with 86 short (7 mm) implants during a 5-year period (September 1, 2009, to Novem...

Background : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

The aim of this retrospective consecutive case series study was to investigate implant survival rate and analyze possible factors affecting the survival of short implants placed in one surgical practice focused on implantology and periodontology in a temporal cohort.

Background : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

In the past decades, the osseointegration rate of dental implants has dramatically increased, particularly in sites of softer dental bone, which may be attributed to the introduction of moderately roughened surfaces [1, 2]. Moreover, because of this increase in success, clinicians have attempted to push the envelope and place implants into sites that may provide a greater challenge as they wish to...

Abstract : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up o...

This retrospective consecutive case series study was performed to determinate the survival rate and implant stability of short (7 mm length) dental implants with an electrowetted hydrophilic surface that were in function from 1 to 7 years. A retrospective chart review identified and evaluated 86 consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants (ProActive, Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, England) in 75 pat...

Figure 8. There were moderately significant and po...

    Figure 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)

Figure 7. Comparison between biomarker levels & IS...

  Figure 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time

Figure 6. There were weakly significant and positi...

  Figure 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values

Figure 5. Change in the median values of the OC le...

  Figure 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P 

Figure 4. Change in the median values of the ALP l...

  Figure 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement

Figure 3. Change in the median values

    Figure 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)

Figure 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time

  Figure 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P 

Figure 1. Timeline of the clinical study

  Figure 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth

Table 5 Crevicular fluid ALP and OC levels

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) ALP level  (nM/μg protein)   Tooth (control) 175 (215) 203 (308) 148 (269) 143 (112) 266 (427) 145 (96) 181 (148) 191 (263) 107 (128)   Implant (test) 230 (238) 139 (139) 157 (293) 108 (134) 166 (434) 179 (251) 147 (...

Table 4 Crevicular fluid volume

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Median (interquartile range) CF volume (μl)  Tooth (control) 0.20 (0.23) 0.26 (0.25) 0.19 (0.20) 0.19 (0.50) 0.17 (0.33) 0.18 (0.08) 0.13 (0.24) 0.23 (0.42) 0.20 (0.17)  Implant (test) 0.26 (0.30) 0.25 (0.41) 0.16 (0.21) 0.17 (0.19) 0.18 (0.33) 0.13 (0.14) ...

Table 3 ISQ values according to gender and bone qu...

Time Day 0 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks Mean ISQ values 77.0 ± 1.32 65.6 ± 2.70a 70.5 ± 2.03a 72.1 ± 1.64a 74.2 ± 1.65 76.1 ± 1.33 78.1 ± 1.38 78.2 ± 1.32 79.6 ± 1.06 Gender  Male (n = 3) 77.0 ± 0.58 59.7 ± 4.62 71.7 ± 3.24 75.0 ± 1.89 7...

Table 2 Profile of patients

Patient no. Age Sex Positiona Bone qualityb 1 34 Female 46 3 2 38 Female 36 3 3 43 Female 37 3 4 64 Male 46 2 5 30 Female 47 3 6 48 Female 36 2 7 57 Male 36 3 8 28 Female 46 3 9 33 Male 46 2 10 49 Female 46 3

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Patients aged 25–65 years Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions Ability to participate in this study History of bone augmentation at the implant site in the past 6 months No systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, etc.) History of tooth extraction at the implant site in the past 6 months ...

Reference : Relation between the stability of dent...

References Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70. Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelle...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Regarding the relationship between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels, although the ISQ values were weakly correlated with the bone markers (r = 0.226 for ALP level and r = 0.245 for OC level, P = 0.05), there were significant and positive correlations between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. These results are in harmony with the ...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

That study showed that PICF volume decreased significantly from week 1 to week 3. Alteration of the gingival fluid volume and contents occur according to the condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth. The presence of inflammation increases the gingival fluid volume. Also, changes in peri-implant crevicular fluid contents and volume result from the condition of the peri-implant tis...

Discussion : Relation between the stability of den...

Discussion The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor...

Results : Relation between the stability of dental...

Results Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of t...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

The color in the wells changed from blue to yellow. After that, the color solution in each well was measured at 450/540 nm within 30 min. The OC level in each sample was calculated from a standard curve and normalized by total protein. The level of the ALP activity was measured by colorimetric analysis. Briefly, 80 μl of sample solution were added into each well of a 96-well microplate, and t...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

  Sample preparation and analysis GCF/PICF in the Periopaper strip was eluted by adding 320 μl quantity of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the sample tube and incubated at 4 °C, overnight. The eluted protein solution from each gingival fluid sample was used for the biochemical analysis. Total protein in the gingival fluid sample was measured by the Bradford analysis. Briefly, a 10 μl...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

  RFA assessments At implant placement and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks, RFA assessments were performed using the Osstell® ISQ (Integration Diagnostics AB, Goteborg, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A Smartpeg™ (type 47) (Integration Diagnostics AB) was screwed to the implant using a Smartpeg mount. After Smartpeg mount removal, the RFA assessment was perf...

Methods : Relation between the stability of dental...

Methods The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1. Patients Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated ...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

The second phenomenon is contact osteogenesis, in which bone formation takes place from the implant surface toward the local bone. This osteogenesis consists of the early phase of osteogenic cell migration, osteoconduction, and de novo bone formation. The de novo bone formation at a solid surface has four stages. The first stage is secretion of the two noncollagenous proteins, osteopontin, and bon...

Background : Relation between the stability of den...

Background Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time. The primary stability c...

Relation between the stability of dental implants ...

Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study Abstract Objectives The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (R...

Table 2 Outcome success criteria

Implant success Clinically immobile when tested manually and/or with RFA (minimum ISQ = 65) Absence of peri-implant radiolucency present on an undistorted radiograph Absence of unresolved pain, discomfort, infection or neuropathy, or peri-implant soft tissue complications attributable to the implant Implant placement that does not preclude delivery of a prosthetic crown w...

Figure 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year

Figure 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was 0.2981 and at 1 year 0.6613 Figure 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 month...

Figure 2. ISQ values at placement, 6 weeks, 6 mont...

  Figure 2. ISQ values at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Mean and standard deviation of ISQ values taken at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year is presented. No statistical significant difference was determined between ISQ values at all time points. (p 

Table 1 Patient selection criteria

Inclusion Male or female At least 18 years old Healthy enough to undergo routine implant surgery and subsequent dental treatment Partially edentulous requiring single dental implants in the maxilla Adequate volume of native or grafted bone to accommodate dental implants at least 8 mm long No active infections Physically, emotionally, and financially able to u...

Figure 1. Implant design

  Figure 1. Implant design. The OSPTX and OSP implants are manufactured from high-grade commercially pure titanium with surface roughness produced via a fluoride treatment process. The OSP implant is a screw-shaped self-tapping implant. The diameter used in this study was 4.0 mm. The implant length used in this study was 8 mm. The OSPTX implant has the same features as the OSP except the apex ...

Discussion : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Discussion Augmentation of the maxillary sinus prior to dental implant placement is routinely performed in order to help patients restore their maxillary posterior dentition. Unfortunately, not all patients are candidates for this procedure due to either health, personal, or financial concerns. An alternative treatment without the need for a sinus elevation procedure is the use of a shorter...

Results : Comparative evaluation of the stability ...

Results Overall implant survival rate was 93.3%. Two implants failed, one implant in group A (OSPTXSoft) and one in group B (OSPTXStd). Both implant failures occurred at the time of uncovery (at 6 weeks) and prior to loading of the implants and were attributed to lack of integration. With the exception of these two failed implants, there was 100% success for all remaining implants using the par...

Methods : Comparative evaluation of the stability ...

Methods Following proper approval by the LSUHSC Institution Review Board (LSUNO IRB#7438), 27 (30 implant sites) systemically healthy patients at least 18 years old were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups as follows (inclusion and exclusion criteria are described in detail in Table 1): Group A received 10 OSPTX implants using the soft bone surgical protocol (OSPT...

Background : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

To avoid invasive sinus augmentation procedures, implants have been designed in shorter lengths such as 8 mm. To further enhance short implant primary stability, a tapered design has been developed which has been proven to provide greater initial stability. Implant stability can be evaluated by different measures such as torque at the time of implant placement, resistance to reverse torque, and re...

Background : Comparative evaluation of the stabili...

Background Dental implants are now a widely accepted treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. The therapeutic goal of dental implants is to support restorations that replace single or multiple missing teeth so as to provide patient comfort, function, and esthetics as well as assist in the ongoing maintenance of remaining intraoral and perioral structures. However, anatomic limitat...

Comparative evaluation of the stability of two dif...

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare a parallel wall design implant to a tapered apex design implant when placed in the posterior maxilla using two different surgical protocols. Methods Twenty-seven patients (30 implants) were divided into three groups. All implants were 4 mm wide in diameter and 8 mm long. Group A received 10 tapered implants (OSPTX) (Astra Tech O...

Figure 5 Postoperative orthopantomogram

  Figure 5 a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i32 and i34)

Figure 4 a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-u...

  Figure 4 a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up examination. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)  

Figure 3. a Primary implant stability

  Figure 3. a Primary implant stability. The histogram visualises the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) for both jaws measured by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden). b Secondary implant stability. The histogram shows the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) of osseointegrated implants. According to the measurement implant stabil...

Figure 2. Cumulative implant survival over the fol...

  Figure 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxilla and in the mandible (log rank test, p = 0.173) over the follow-up period up to 37 months (Table 4)  

Figure 1. a Closed short expandable dental implan...

  Figure 1. a Closed short expandable dental implant (4.1 × 7 mm). The implant-abutment connection is characterised by an internal hexagon for rotation stability, combining the advantages of conical and parallel surfaces to reduce microgaps and micromovement. The microthread concept and platform switching concept are implemented in the implant shoulder to reduce periimplant bone strain. b...

Table 4 Clinical characteristics of the study coho...

Patient Sex Age (years) Implant position (FDI) Indication categorya Bone quality Prosthetic treatment Follow-up (months) Implant failure 1. T. I. F 80 Maxilla 15, 13, 11, 21, 25 (Σ = 5) IIa D4 Telescope 37 n = 1c 2. G. S. F 65 Mandible 34, 32, 42, 44 (Σ = 4) IIIb D1 Ball attachment 34 None 3. S. Sa. F 64 Maxilla 14, 12, 22, 24 (Σ = 4) ...

Table 3 Prosthetic treatment protocol

Type of prosthetic treatment Session Procedure Fixed denture (bridge) 1 Open impression 2 Abutment check, set-up • Titanium abutments • Non-precious metal framework, completely lined • Neighbouring crowns interlocked 3 Check and insertion of the suprastructure • Cementation (ImProv™, Dentegris, Duisburg, Germany) Combined fixed-removable dentur...

Table 2 Surgical treatment protocol

Surgical protocol Bone quality   D1 D2 D3 D4 1. Drilling sequence (splint) Last drill Last drill Second to last drill Second to last drill 2. Condensing preparation – – (Analogue to last drill) Analogue to last drill 3. Implant insertion (maximum torque ≤ 40 N cm) 4. Expansion (maximum torque ≤ 40 N cm) 5. Evaluation of primary ...

Table 1 Patient recruitment

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria 1. Adult patients, male and female 1. Comorbidity ASA category ≥ III 2. Partially/totally edentulous patients 2. Pregnancy, bruxism 3. Alveolar process atrophy Cawood et Howell category ≥ IV 3. Smoking ≥ 10 cigarettes/day 4. Minimum vertical bone height of 7–9 mm for placement of short implants (5–7-mm length)...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Based on an earlier animal histologic study, as well as a clinical up-to-40-month study, which referred to comparable apically expandable implants, authors did not report any periapical inflammatory complications. To eliminate the potential risk of deep intrabony microleakage, it is questionable whether equal biomechanical stability values can be achieved only by the macroth...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

In relation to the results by McCullough and Klokkevold, who found that the macrothread design appears to play a positive role in implant stability in the early healing period, this can also be assumed for the employed implant system. Additionally, with regard to the results by Marković and co-authors, a critical stability drop down due to bone remodeling after bone condensing (impla...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

The expansion procedure presents an additional bicortical anchorage in the oro-vestibular direction. In hard bone, this might be a disadvantage and lead to asymmetrical expansion. Manufacturers’ recommendations for hard bone should be strongly considered. Regarding resonance frequency analysis, the values are related to bone quality and quantity as well as the exposed impl...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Several investigators analysed the preferred indications of short dental implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla and outlined the cost efficiency compared to additional vertical augmentations. In the present trial, we used a new short implant in both jaws and nearly all possible indication categories were represented, which proves the broad versatility (Table 4). In our study, two imp...

Discussion : Novel expandable short dental implant...

Discussion Recent literature has shown that short implants have achieved growing acceptance in the field of oral implantology. Since the last years, concern has decreased about the length of endosseous implants; it should be noted that all extraoral screw implants are short implants. Nevertheless, there are local physiological and biomechanical differences regarding long-term stability. Th...

Results : Novel expandable short dental implants (...

Results The first results of this longitudinal study include data from 9 patients with an average age of 57 years (range from 44 to 80) in whom 30 implants were inserted (maxilla n = 15, mandible n = 15). All 30 implants in the 9 patients could be inserted without intraoperative problems. Based on intraoperative and radiological findings, the bone quality was assessed...

Material & methods : Novel expandable short dental...

Surgical and prosthetic protocol Planning of the implantological treatment followed usual clinical and radiological examination and, concerning the position and number of implants, the recommended categories from the German consensus conference. The drilling sequence, condensing preparation (where necessary) and manual implant insertion as well as expansion are described in detail...

Material & methods : Novel expandable short dental...

Material and methods Study population and measures The study was designed as a prospective monocentric longitudinal cohort study according to the STROBE criteria. The participants of this study were recruited at the university hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, implantological consultation from 2014 (June...

Introduction : Novel expandable short dental impla...

... the diameter of an implant has greater influence on primary stability than implant length. Based on in vitro analysis, they concluded additionally that especially in patients with poor bone quality, a variation of implant dimensions is expected to lead to a significant increase of primary stability. Furthermore, stress distribution on short implants is affected by the bone-to-...

Introduction : Novel expandable short dental impla...

Introduction Endosseous implants have been established over several decades. The evaluation of treatment results under biomechanical, physiological, psychological, social and economic aspects has been well documented. Furthermore, patient-based outcomes reveal a predictable gain in oral health-related quality of life. Especially in patients with limited vertical bone height, process of treatme...

Novel expandable short dental implants with reduce...

Novel expandable short dental implants in situations with reduced vertical bone height—technical note and first results   Abstract Purpose Short implants often have the disadvantage of reduced primary stability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new expandable short dental implant system intended to increase primary stability. Methods As a “pr...