Resonance frequency analysis
Implant stability quotient
The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
The null hypothesis that finger tightening of transducer devices for RFA analysis may have a negative impact on the accuracy of ISQ measurements was rejected. Different forces applied during transducer tightening by different clinicians had no significant effect on the resulting ISQ values. Manual tightening of smartpeg magnetic devices allows for an objective and reliable determination of ISQ val...
A great number of studies have summarized that the measurement of implant stability with RFA is reliable, is noninvasive, and can be used at any time after implant insertion and during follow-up [19, 20]. Various parameters have been demonstrated to influence the degree of primary implant stability [21, 22]. These include bone density [23, 24], surgical technique [25], implant insertion torque [26...
In the test group, mesial and buccal ISQ values of 30 implants were recorded by four examiners (S1–S4) after hand tightening the smartpegs. The control group considered mesial and buccal ISQ values of 30 implants with mechanically inserted smartpegs. Only 147 values could be recorded because one transducer broke and thereafter no further values could be obtained for this implant. At torque value...
Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the difference between the test and control group. Variance analysis and continuous variables were determined. Pearson r correlation coefficient was tested to verify the relationship between the two variables (e.g., relationship between torque and ISQ). Statistical significance was set at p > 0.05.
Three fresh bovine ribs from the same animal were selected for the current in vitro testing; the bovine ribs were of a similar size to those used by Gecikli et al. [16], thus attempting to imitate human edentulous bone with a similar composition of cortical and cancellous bone. The animal was farmed and sacrificed for food production. The bone was stored airtight, humid, and cool from the time the...
While dental implants have become increasingly important in the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of patients, implant failure still does occur. Primary stability at the time of implant placement and the development of osseointegration in the following healing process (secondary stability) are essential parameters for implant success [1]. Primary stability can be considered as the biomechanic...
There is disagreement about the optimal torque for tightening smartpegs for resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Subjective finger pressure during hand tightening could affect the reliability of the resulting values. The aim of the current study was therefore to assess whether or not the insertion torque of a smartpeg magnetic device influences the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value during RFA....
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...
Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...
Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
ALP level
(nM/μg protein)
Tooth (control)
175 (215)
203 (308)
148 (269)
143 (112)
266 (427)
145 (96)
181 (148)
191 (263)
107 (128)
Implant (test)
230 (238)
139 (139)
157 (293)
108 (134)
166 (434)
179 (251)
147 (...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
CF volume (μl)
Tooth (control)
0.20 (0.23)
0.26 (0.25)
0.19 (0.20)
0.19 (0.50)
0.17 (0.33)
0.18 (0.08)
0.13 (0.24)
0.23 (0.42)
0.20 (0.17)
Implant (test)
0.26 (0.30)
0.25 (0.41)
0.16 (0.21)
0.17 (0.19)
0.18 (0.33)
0.13 (0.14)
...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Patient no.
Age
Sex
Positiona
Bone qualityb
1
34
...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Patients aged 25–65 years
Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions
Ability to participat...
Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y
Download citation
Received: 14 September 2016
Accepted: 18 November 2016
Published: 08 December 2016
DOI...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Peraphan Pothacharoen
Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...
The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...
Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209.
Download references
Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62.
Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24.
Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...
Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39.
Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...
Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70.
Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12.
Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...
Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...
Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...
The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...
At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...
Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...
The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...
To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...
The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1.
Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...
Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].
The primary stability comes from ...
The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers.
The study is a prospective...
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...
Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...
Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
ALP level
(nM/μg protein)
Tooth (control)
175 (215)
203 (308)
148 (269)
143 (112)
266 (427)
145 (96)
181 (148)
191 (263)
107 (128)
Implant (test)
230 (238)
139 (139)
157 (293)
108 (134)
166 (434)
179 (251)
147 (...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
CF volume (μl)
Tooth (control)
0.20 (0.23)
0.26 (0.25)
0.19 (0.20)
0.19 (0.50)
0.17 (0.33)
0.18 (0.08)
0.13 (0.24)
0.23 (0.42)
0.20 (0.17)
Implant (test)
0.26 (0.30)
0.25 (0.41)
0.16 (0.21)
0.17 (0.19)
0.18 (0.33)
0.13 (0.14)
...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Patient no.
Age
Sex
Positiona
Bone qualityb
1
34
Female
46
3
2
38
Female
36
3
3
43
Female
37
3
4
64
Male
46
2
5
30
Female
47
3
6
48
Female
36
2
7
57
Male
36
3
8
28
Female
46
3
9
33
Male
46
2
10
49
Female
46
3
Table 2 Profile of patients
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Patients aged 25–65 years
Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions
Ability to participat...
Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study. Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y
Download citation
Received: 14 September 2016
Accepted: 18 November 2016
Published: 08 December 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10....
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Peraphan Pothacharoen
Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...
The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...
Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209.
Download references
Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62.
Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24.
Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...
Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39.
Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...
Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70.
Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12.
Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...
Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...
Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...
The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...
The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...
At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...
Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...
The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...
To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...
The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1.
Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...
Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].
The primary stability comes from ...
The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers.
The study is a prospective...
Fig. 3. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® after euthanasia
Fig. 3. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® after euthanasia
Fig. 2. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® immediately upon insertion
Fig. 2. ISQ values of MDIs and Ankylos® immediately upon insertion
Fig. 1. Customized SmartPeg diagrams
Fig. 1. Customized SmartPeg diagrams
Dhaliwal, J.S., Albuquerque, R.F., Fakhry, A. et al. Customized SmartPeg for measurement of resonance frequency of mini dental implants. Int J Implant Dent 3, 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6
Download citation
Received: 09 November 2016
Accepted: 13 January 2017
Published: 01 February 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada
Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal, Ali Fakhry & Jocelyne S. Feine
Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Rubens F. Albuquerque Jr
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Sukhbir Kaur
PAPRSB Institute of Health Sci...
Dhaliwal J, Albuquerque R, Murshed, M, Tamimi, F, Feine, JS. A histomorphometric comparison of osseointegration with MDIs and standard implants. IADR/AADR/CADR 91st General Session, Seattle, Washington, USA, March 20–23, 2013
Zix J, Hug S, Kessler-Liechti G, Mericske-Stern R. Measurement of dental implant stability by resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment: comparison of b...
Barros RR, Novaes Jr AB, Muglia VA, Iezzi G, Piattelli A. Influence of interimplant distances and placement depth on peri-implant bone remodeling of adjacent and immediately loaded Morse cone connection implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(4):371–8. Epub 2010/02/05.
Marin C, Bonfante EA, Granato R, Suzuki M, Granjeiro JM, Coelho PG. The effect of alterati...
Meredith N, Book K, Friberg B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in vivo. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997;8(3):226–33. Epub 1997/06/01.
Meredith N, Alleyne D, Cawley P. Quantitative determination of the stability of the im...
Ersanli S, Karabuda C, Beck F, Leblebicioglu B. Resonance frequency analysis of one-stage dental implant stability during the osseointegration period. J Periodontol. 2005;76(7):1066–71. Epub 2005/07/16.
Bornstein MM, Chappuis V, von Arx T, Buser D. Performance of dental implants after staged sinus floor elevation procedures: 5-year results of a prospective study in partially edentulous patients...
Shatkin TE, Oppenheimer BD, Oppenheimer AJ. Mini dental implants for long-term fixed and removable prosthetics: a retrospective analysis of 2514 implants placed over a five-year period. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2007;28(2):92–9. quiz 100-1. Epub 2007/02/27.
Griffitts TM, Collins CP, Collins PC. Mini dental implants: an adjunct for retention, stability, and comfort for the edentulous patient. Or...
Branemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81–100. Epub 1969/01/01.
Meredith N. Assessment of implant stability as a prognostic determinant. Int J Prosthodont. 1998;11(5):491–501. Epub 1999/01/29.
Lioubavina-Hack N, Lang NP, Karring T. Significance of primar...
The results of this animal study indicate that ISQ measurement of these single-piece MDIs is possible with the help of a custom-made SmartPeg and that 3M™ESPE™MDIs attain primary and secondary stability at the same levels as standard implants in the rabbit tibia.
As there are no studies that provide data based on resonance frequency measurements for single-piece MDIs, the exact RFA threshold values for MDIs may have to be identified with more studies conducted in vivo.
The resonance frequency assessment with a customized SmartPeg would be a useful tool to provide clinically useful information about the condition of the bone-implant interface of 3M™ ESPE...
If the initial ISQ value is high, a small drop in stability normally levels out with time. A big drop in stability or decrease should be taken as a warning sign. Lower values are expected to be higher after the healing period. The opposite could be a sign of an unsuccessful implant, and actions should be taken accordingly.
Studies have shown that the resonance frequency value is greatly associate...
It is important to measure the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of single-piece mini dental implants as they are becoming increasingly popular, with the concomitant increase in publications demonstrating their high survival and success rates. Although the clinical use of Osstell devices is also increasing, there is lack of studies on its use with single-piece implants, which do not have internal t...
The ISQ values obtained while calibrating the customized SmartPeg were similar to in vivo results. Median ISQ values at insertion and at 6 postoperative weeks were 53.3 (IQR 8.3) and 60.5 (5.5) for the 3M™ESPE™MDIs, and 58.5 (4.75) and 65.5 (9.3) for the Ankylos® implants, respectively, with no statistical difference (Figs. 2 and 3). The ISQ values of both 3M™ESPE™ MDI and Ankylos® (Fig...
ISQ values were averaged and compared between implant types and times using Wilcoxon’s matched pairs signed-rank tests at a significance level of p
For the MDIs, a small longitudinal skin incision was made just distal to the tibia/femur joint. The tibia/femur head was exposed subperiosteally, and an osteotomy was performed with the pilot drill under copious irrigation with saline solution, transposing the cortical bone to the depth of 0.5 mm. The implants were aseptically transferred to the bone site and manually rotated clockwise while exer...
Single use Osstell SmartPegs for standard implants are made from a soft metal with a zinc-coated magnet mounted on top of it and attached to the implants or abutments’ internal threads. As the company does not provide SmartPegs for one-piece implants, we developed a customized SmartPeg for mini dental implants (3M™ESPE™ MDIs), which do not have internal threads (Fig. 1). After confirming th...
The aim of the study is to test the feasibility of a customized SmartPeg for ISQ measurement of single-piece mini dental implants and to compare the primary stability of a standard and the mini dental implant (3M™ESPE™MDI) in a rabbit model after 6 weeks of healing.
There are no published studies on the ISQ measurement of mini dental implants, as SmartPegs for these implants are not available till date. Since these are one-piece implants and do not have an internal thread for the SmartPeg’s attachment, a custom-made SmartPeg needs to be fabricated for ISQ measurement. Therefore, we developed and tested a customized SmartPeg for 3M™ESPE™ MDIs to measure ...
Mechanical testing methods like reverse torque, or “pullout test,” have been used to study and measure the mechanical interface between implant and bone in various ways [22, 23]. The Branemark group has evaluated the mechanical properties of osseointegrated implants using torsion and pullout tests and lateral loading tests [24, 25]. Presence or absence of mobility and the bone level around the...
Osseointegration refers to the phenomenon for close apposition of the bone to the surface of an implant with no interposing tissue that can be clinically demonstrated by absence of mobility [1, 2]. Obtaining primary stability seems to be a precondition for a successful osseointegration [3]. Dental implants have a success rate of over 90% and are available in various sizes with different surfaces [...
The new custom-made SmartPeg is suitable for measuring the Implant Stability Quotient of 3M™ESPE™MDIs. The primary stability of 3M™ESPE™MDIs is similar to the primary stability attained by standard implants in the rabbit tibia.
One-piece narrow diameter implants (NDIs) have been recommended as “Single-tooth replacements in the anterior zones, single posterior, multiple-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), edentulous jaws to be rehabilitated with FDP, and edentulous jaws rehabilitation with overdentures in situations with reduced mesiodistal space or reduced ridge width.” (ITI consensus 2013). Since NDIs can be immedia...
Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was 0.2981 and at 1 year 0.6613
Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was ...
Fig. 2. ISQ values at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Mean and standard deviation of ISQ values taken at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year is presented. No statistical significant difference was determined between ISQ values at all time points. (p
Fig. 1. Implant design. The OSPTX and OSP implants are manufactured from high-grade commercially pure titanium with surface roughness produced via a fluoride treatment process. The OSP implant is a screw-shaped self-tapping implant. The diameter used in this study was 4.0 mm. The implant length used in this study was 8 mm. The OSPTX implant has the same features as the OSP except the apex of t...
Implant success
Clinically immobile when tested manually and/or with RFA (minimum ISQ = 65)
Absence of peri-implant radiolucency present on an undistorted radiograph
Absence of unresolved pain, discomfort, inf...
Inclusion
Male or female
At least 18 years old
Healthy enough to undergo routine implant surgery and subsequent dental treatment
Partially edentulous requiring...
Simmons, D.E., Maney, P., Teitelbaum, A.G. et al. Comparative evaluation of the stability of two different dental implant designs and surgical protocols—a pilot study.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0078-2
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Accepted: 22 April 2017
Published: 02 May 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-01...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Department of Periodontics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA
David E. Simmons, Pooja Maney, Austin G. Teitelbaum, Susan Billiot & A. Archontia Palaiologou
Tulane University SPHTM, 1440 Canal St, Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA
Lomesh J. Popat
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De Bruyn H, Raes F, Cooper LF, Reside G, Garriga JS, Tarrida LG, et al. Three-years clinical outcome of immediate provisionalization of single Osseospeed() implants in extraction sockets and healed ridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(2):217–23.
Ebler S, Ioannidis A, Jung RE, Hammerle CH, Thoma DS. Prospective randomized controlled clinical study comparing two types of two-piece dental impla...
O'Sullivan D, Sennerby L, Meredith N. Influence of implant taper on the primary and secondary stability of osseointegrated titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;15(4):474–80.
Schwartz-Arad D, Herzberg R, Levin L. Evaluation of long-term implant success. J Periodontol. 2005;76(10):1623–8.
Alves CC, Neves M. Tapered implants: from indications to advantages. Int J Periodontics Restora...
Anitua E, Orive G. Short implants in maxillae and mandibles: a retrospective study with 1 to 8 years of follow-up. J Periodontol. 2010;81(6):819–26.
Feldman S, Boitel N, Weng D, Kohles SS, Stach RM. Five-year survival distributions of short-length (10 mm or less) machined-surfaced and Osseotite implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2004;6(1):16–23.
Felice P, Cannizzaro G, Checchi V, March...
DENTSPLY International, Susquehanna Commerce Center, 221 West Philadelphia Street, York, PA 17401
I-CAT 17 19; Imaging Services International LLC, 1910 North Penn Rd., Hatfield, PA 19440
Intra-Lock International, 6560 S. West Rogers Circle, Suite 24, Boca Raton, FL 33487
Osstell USA, 6700 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 200, Columbia, MD 21046
ImageJ 1.50i Wayne Rasband National Institutes of Heal...
Survival rates and stability of OSP and OSPTX implants was comparable.
Osteotomy preparation either by the standard or by the soft bone surgical protocol had no significant effect on implant survival, success, and stability.
Insertion torque presented a moderate to strong correlation with ISQ values at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year.
Insertion torque presented a weak correlation to ISQ values...
Insertion torque presented a moderate to strong correlation with ISQ values at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year but not at time of implant insertion. This finding is in agreement with Acil et al. who reported no statistically significant correlation between insertion torque and ISQ at time of implant placement [22].
Although a strong correlation was found between insertion torque and bone loss at...
Augmentation of the maxillary sinus prior to dental implant placement is routinely performed in order to help patients restore their maxillary posterior dentition. Unfortunately, not all patients are candidates for this procedure due to either health, personal, or financial concerns. An alternative treatment without the need for a sinus elevation procedure is the use of a shorter implant. Research...
Overall implant survival rate was 93.3%. Two implants failed, one implant in group A (OSPTXSoft) and one in group B (OSPTXStd). Both implant failures occurred at the time of uncovery (at 6 weeks) and prior to loading of the implants and were attributed to lack of integration. With the exception of these two failed implants, there was 100% success for all remaining implants using the parameters de...
ANOVA was used to compare the mean implant stabilities between the three groups. Post hoc testing was done via Tukey’s honestly significant differences test to calculate the differences between ISQ measurements at the time of implant placement, 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months (Fig. 2) as well as bone levels at 6 and 12 months (Fig. 3). The correlations of multiple parameters such as insertion t...
Following proper approval by the LSUHSC Institution Review Board (LSUNO IRB#7438), 27 (30 implant sites) systemically healthy patients at least 18 years old were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups as follows (inclusion and exclusion criteria are described in detail in Table 1):
Group A received 10 OSPTX implants using the soft bone surgical protocol (OSPTXSoft).
Group...
A recent systematic review by Stocchero et al. concluded that an undersized drilling protocol in soft bone is an effective way to enhance insertion torque but recommended that further clinical studies are needed to confirm these data [18]. Our study was designed to address this question, as it compared the standard drilling protocol to a soft bone protocol.
Our study hypothesis is that the stabil...
Dental implants are now a widely accepted treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. The therapeutic goal of dental implants is to support restorations that replace single or multiple missing teeth so as to provide patient comfort, function, and esthetics as well as assist in the ongoing maintenance of remaining intraoral and perioral structures. However, anatomic limitations such as t...
Survival and stability of OSPTX and OSP implants is comparable. Osteotomy preparation by either standard or soft bone surgical protocol presented no significant effect on implant survival and stability for the specific implant designs.
The purpose of this study was to compare a parallel wall design implant to a tapered apex design implant when placed in the posterior maxilla using two different surgical protocols.
Twenty-seven patients (30 implants) were divided into three groups. All implants were 4 mm wide in diameter and 8 mm long.
Group A received 10 tapered implants (OSPTX) (Astra Tech OsseoSpeed TX™) using the soft b...
Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration
Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration
Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective
Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective
Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration
Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration
Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration
Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration
Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders
Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders
Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration
Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration
Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth
Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth
Collective
Mesial
Distal
1 year
55 months (40–84)
1 year
...
Collective
ISQ
P
At insertion
3 months
Total (n = 57)
61.3 ± 7.8
...
Collective
PT value
P
At insertion
3 months
Total (n = 57)
−1.8 ± 2.4
...
Period
# of implants
# of failures
Survival rate (%)
Cumulative survival rate (%)
0 t...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
The retrospective data analysis was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008, and all patients signed an informed consent. After consulting the local ethic committee, the decision was that due to the retrospective character of this study, with no additional data acquisition, no ethical approval is needed according to the hospital laws of the appropriate sta...
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
S. Wentaschek & S. Hartmann
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
C. Walter & W. Wagner
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The authors would like to thank Bredent Medical (Senden, Germany) for providing the 3D-planning system and supporting the treatment nonfinancially.
Bayer G, Kistler F, Kistler S, Adler S, Neugebauer J. Sofortversorgung mit reduzierter Implantatanzahl: Wissenschaftliche Konzeption und klinische Ergebnisse. Berlin: Quintessenz; 2011.
Hanley JA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology: the state of the art. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1989;29(3):307–35.
Atieh MA, Alsabeeha NH, Payne AG, de Silva RK, Schwass DS, Duncan WJ. The prognos...
Pommer B, Mailath-Pokorny G, Haas R, Busenlechner D, Furhauser R, Watzek G. Patients’ preferences towards minimally invasive treatment alternatives for implant rehabilitation of edentulous jaws. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2014;7(Suppl 2):S91–109.
Monje A, Suarez F, Galindo-Moreno P, Garcia-Nogales A, Fu JH, Wang HL. A systematic review on marginal bone loss around short dental implants (
Area under the curve
Implant stability quotient
Periotest
Receiver operating characteristic
Within the limits of this small group (n = 10 patients/60 implants), the failure rate of the analyzed implant system (n = 3 respective 5% implant loss) seems to be comparable with other immediate-loading protocols. On the other side, the implant loss rate of tilted implants (n = 2 of 20) in the atrophic upper jaw was quite high, but still, the aimed treatment concept could be achieved in eve...
Between baseline and first removal of the temporary restoration after 3 months, the mean ISQ increased and the mean PT value decreased significantly in the axial and tilted implants. This is in contrast to some other studies which evaluated no significant differences of stability parameters between primary and secondary stability with immediate loading in edentulous maxilla [16, 21, 22].
The pre...
The overall implant survival rate of 95% is slightly lower than the reported mean survival rates of the concept of tilted implants and immediate loading in edentulous jaws [11] but still close to them and maybe more comparable to investigations in which implants were also immediately loaded in the edentulous maxilla which were partly placed in fresh extraction sites [15, 16]. Nevertheless, what is...
After the temporary restoration with a fixed prosthesis, all 10 patients selected a fixed final restoration. These consisted of a cast metal framework with a full ceramic veneering including the replacement of at least the second premolars. They were made after a new impression on the abutment level (Figs. 6 and 7). The neck of the 20 tilted distal implants was positioned in region 4 (n = 5 impl...
Ten patients with a mean age at implant insertion of 64 ± 11.3 years (range 38 to 81 years; six women, four men) were included. Sixty titanium screw implants (Table 1) were inserted and immediately loaded between 09/2009 and 01/2013.
Seven patients had remaining teeth until implant surgery (two patients with 4, four patients with 7, and one patient with 12 teeth). Twenty-one (35%) of the 60 ...
Changes in marginal bone level were measured using the routinely made digital panoramic radiographs if these were available. The measurement tool was calibrated with the known respective implant length. To evaluate the bone loss, the difference was formed between the bone level at follow-up examination (Fig. 5) and at implant placement which is the baseline.
An implant was considered as successfu...
The patients were screened with preliminary panoramic radiographs, and since all the implants were 3D planned (SKYplanX™ program, Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) and inserted with a guiding template, a cone-beam CT (CBCT) was obtained eventually (KaVo 3D eXam™ unit, KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach/Riss, Germany).
The drillings were performed using a 3D-planned surgical template with different metal...
In a retrospective study, all patients with immediately loaded implants in an edentulous maxillae with limited posterior ridge dimensions that received an equal concept were included if they had a follow-up of at least 3 years. The concept contained immediate loading with distal tilted implants and six implants per edentulous maxillae of a single implant system (blueSky™ implants, Bredent GmbH,...
For a few years, there has been a trend towards minimally invasive implant treatment concepts avoiding bone augmentation even in very atrophic edentulous jaws. These concepts aim to make an implant treatment with a shorter duration, with less inconvenience such as swelling or pain and possibly also economically more attractive [1]. If the implant treatment is less invasive, because of the possible...
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of six Bredent blueSky™ implants (Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) immediately loaded with a fixed full-arch prosthesis (two tilted posterior and four axial frontal and premolar implants).
All 10 patients with atrophic edentulous maxillae being treated with a standardized procedure from 09/2009 to 01/2013, who had a follow-...
Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated and direct measured ISQ values of the tested implants
Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated and direct measured ISQ values of the tested implants
Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing to a 1 maximum RF based on 1000 measurements in case of a Straumann test implant
Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing to a 1 maximum RF based on 1000 measurements in case of a Straumann test implant
Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a Smartpeg mounted on a test implant. Note the red laser beam dot on the flat surface of the Smartpeg hexagon part
Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a Smartpeg mounted on a test implant. Note the red laser beam dot on the flat surface of the Smartpeg hexagon part
Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffness aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex by laser Doppler vibrometry. Intentional partial imbedding of implants allows to detect both the deflection of implant and Smartpeg separately at different vertical levels by changing the position of the laser beam
Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffness aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex ...
Batch #
Implant system
Implant length (mm)
Implant diameter (mm)
Mean measured resonance freq (kHz)
SD meas...
Author and study
Implant position (implant number)
Mean ISQ values at given time-point post-insertion
Type of Osstell device used
Barewal et al. 2003 [10]
...
Debruyne, S., Grognard, N., Verleye, G. et al. ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro laser scanning vibrometry-captured resonance frequency.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 44 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0105-3
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Received: 11 April 2017
Accepted: 28 September 2017
Published: 12 October 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0105-3
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Stijn Debruyne, Nicolas Grognard, Gino Verleye, Korneel Van Massenhove, Dimitrios Mavreas, and Bart Vande Vannet declare that they have no competing interests.
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Correspondence to
Nicolas Grognard.
Department of Mechanics, Research Group Propolis, School of Engeneering Sciences, Katholieke Hoge School Brugge-Oostende, Ostend, Belgium
Stijn Debruyne
Kliniek Royal, Koningstraat 41, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
Nicolas Grognard
CHIR-Unit Dentistry–ORHE, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
Nicolas Gro...
Han J, Lulic M, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analyis assessed by Osstell Mentor during implant issue integration: II: implant surface modifications and implant diameter. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;6:605–11.
Bornstein M, Hart C, Halbritter S, Morton D, Buser D. Early loading of nonsubmerged titanium implants with a chemically modified sand-blasted and acid-etched surface: 6...
Adell R, Lekholm U, Brånemark PI. Surgical procedures. In: Brånemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T, editors. Tissue integrated prothese. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chigaco: Quintessence; 1985. p. 211–32.
Strid K. Radiographic procedures. In: Brånemark P-I, Zarb G, Albrektsson T, editors. Tissue integrated prothese. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chigaco: Quintessence; 1985...
In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the algorithm applied and provided by Osstell to calculate ISQ values is correct, making the laboratory procedure valuable for future research focused on stiffness aspects of the implant-Smartpeg complex and its possible influence on the overall RFA measurement. Vice versa, the present study demonstrates the correctness of the actual applied algor...
The focus of this in vitro study was to develop a laboratory method, intended for future research of aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex stiffness and its possible influence on the overall RFA-based implant stability determination. In the past, other laboratory methodologies have been engineered to investigate implant deflection and/or lateral displacement by means of transducers. A setup using a ...
Mean values (± SD) of recorded maximum RF values, calculated indirect ISQ values, and direct recorded ISQ values for Ankylos (A) and Straumann (S) test implants are shown in Table 2.
Using the Shapiro-Wilk test for indirect ISQ (p = 0.05) and direct ISQ (p = 0.02), we can conclude that both indirect and direct ISQ measures are not drawn from a normal distribution (data not shown). Bot...
In total, for each given implant type with a given diameter/length configuration, 25 measurements for indirect and 5 measurements for direct ISQ computing were performed.
The SPSS statistical software package 22.0 (IBM SPSS, Chicago, USA) was used. A Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify distribution normality for both direct and indirect determined ISQ values. The paired sample t test and the Wil...
The Smartpeg excitation mode was exactly performed as described above. Notation of the maximum resonance frequency for indirect measurements is followed by notation of direct ISQ value on the display of Osstell IDx device. Positioning of the probe was not changed during indirect and direct recordings for a given test implant.
Each resin block contained five identical implants with attached Smartp...
Test implants originating from various manufacturers were investigated. Straumann sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA)® tissue level standard implants (Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) with the following diameter: length configurations were 3.3–12 mm (RN connection), 3.3–4.1 mm (RN connection), and 4.8–8 mm (WN connection), Ankylos Cell Plus® surfaced B-implant types (Dentsply Im...
Laser Doppler vibrometry possesses a working principle based on the so-called Doppler effect and allows non-contact quantitative measurement of vibration (https://en.wikpedia.org/wiki/Laser_scanning_vibrometry, 2017). The Doppler effect itself finds its origin when a light beam is backscattered on a vibrating surface and experiences a change in wave phase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_eff...
The computed ISQ value is based on the following calculation formulae:
Hereby, f denotes the measured maximum resonance frequency (RF). Coefficients a, b, c, d, and e are property information of Osstell (Osstell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). The coefficients were provided for internal use under the agreement of no publication. From clinical reports [10,11,12,13,14,15,16] listed in Table 1, it ...
At present, multiple implant stability assessment methodologies are used, both of invasive and non-invasive nature, including percussion test [1], X-ray evaluation [2], cutting resistance during implant insertion (e.g., electronic insertion torque determination) [3], turn-out or reverse torque test [4], Periotest® [5, 6], and resonance frequency analysis (“RFA”), e.g., the Osstell method [7, ...
Implant stability testing at various stages of implant therapy by means of resonance frequency analysis is extensively used. The overall measurement outcome is a function of the resulting stiffness of three entities: surrounding bone, bone-implant complex, and implant-Smartpeg complex. The influence of the latter on the overall measurement results is presently unknown. It can be investigated in vi...
Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i32 and i34)
Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i3...
Fig. 4. n. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)
Fig. 4. a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up examination. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)
Fig. 3. by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden). b Secondary implant stability. The histogram shows the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) of osseointegrated implants. According to the measurement implant stability was classified as low with ISQ values 70 [34]
Fig. 3. a Primary implant stability. The histogram visualises the distribution of the im...
Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxilla and in the mandible (log rank test, p = 0.173) over the follow-up period up to 37 months (Table 4)
Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxi...
Fig. 1. e implant-abutment connection is characterised by an internal hexagon for rotation stability, combining the advantages of conical and parallel surfaces to reduce microgaps and micromovement [68]. The microthread concept and platform switching concept are implemented in the implant shoulder to reduce periimplant bone strain [53]. b Manual fixation of the expansion tool. Take note of the ...
Patient
Sex
Age (years)
Implant position (FDI)
Indication categorya
Bone quality
Prosthetic treatment
...
Type of prosthetic treatment
Session
Procedure
Fixed denture (bridge)
1
Open impression
...
Surgical protocol
Bone quality
D1
D2
D3
D4
1. Drilli...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
1. Adult patients, male and female
1. Comorbidity ASA category ≥ III
2. Partially/totally edentulous patients
...
Reich, W., Schweyen, R., Heinzelmann, C. et al. Novel expandable short dental implants in situations with reduced vertical bone height—technical note and first results.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 46 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0107-1
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Received: 18 August 2017
Accepted: 12 October 2017
Published: 30 October 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Dataset presenting relevant raw data. (SAV 3 kb)
WR is a senior physician at the University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Halle/Saale, Germany.
RS is a clinical research associate at the University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
CH is a consultant at the University H...
Correspondence to
Waldemar Reich.
Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
Waldemar Reich, Christian Heinzelmann, Bilal Al-Nawas & Alexander Walter Eckert
University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 16, 06112, Halle (Saale), Ger...
The authors are grateful to the DenTack Company for providing some of the implants and components used in this study. The courtesy of Oz Vachtenberg is acknowledged for providing Fig. 1a–f and the movie clip. There are no financial supports or conflicts of interest associated with this publication that could have influenced its outcome. We thank the Osstell Company, which supplied the RFA devic...
Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Kumari S. Microleakage at different implant abutment interface: a systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):ZE10–5.
Feichtinger M, Gaggl A, SChultes G, Kärcher H. Evaluation of distraction implants for prosthetic treatment after vertical alveolar ridge distraction: a clinical investigation. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16(1):19–24.
Pradeep PR, Kasti KJ, Ananthakrish...
Gehrke SA, Pérez-Albacete Martinez C, Piattelli A, Shibli JA, Markovic A, Calvo Guirado JL. The influence of three different apical implant designs at stability and osseointegration process: experimental study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(3):355–61.
Herrero-Climent M, Santos-Garcia R, Jaramillo-Santos R, Romero-Ruiz MM, Fernandez-Palacin Lazaro-Calvo P, Bullon P, Rios-Santos JV....
Malmstrom H, Gupta B, Ghanem A, Cacciato R, Ren Y, Romanos GE. Success rate of short dental implants supporting single crowns and fixed bridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(9):1093–8.
Garfield RE. An expandable implant fixture. Dent Implantol Updat. 1998;9(5):37–40.
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Eitner S, Wichmann M, Schlegel KA, Kollmannberger JE, Nickenig HJ. Oral health-related quality of life and implant therapy: an evaluation of preoperative, intermediate, and post-treatment assessments of patients and physicians. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012;40(1):20–3.
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Moraes SL, Pellizzer EP, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Silva JV. Three-dimensional finite element analysis on stress distribution in retention screws of different crown-implant ratios. Comput Methods...
Thoma DS, Haas R, Tutak M, Garcia A, Schincaglia GP, Hämmerle CH. Randomised controlled multicenter study comparing short dental implants (6 mm) versus longer dental implants (11-15 mm) in combination with sinus floor elevation procedures. Part 1: demographic and patient-reported outcomes at 1 year of loading. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(1):72–80.
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Fretwurst T, Nack C, Al-Ghrairi M, Raguse JD, ...
Bone quality (density)
World Dental Federation
Implant stability quotient
Resonance frequency analysis
Initial results of the ongoing study confirm the feasibility and safety of the employed system. The implant type seems to be useful for all bone qualities and shows high initial and secondary biomechanical stability in the maxilla and mandible. Long-term follow-up will be needed in validating these initial results in a larger 3-year clinical trial. Crestal bone changes should be evaluated in a la...
Comparable studies displayed at 24 months a crestal bone loss of 0.5–0.6 mm [15]. Other authors reported at 2, 3 and 5 years a mean loss of 0.57, 0.55 and 0.53 mm, respectively, in the mandible (without significant change after 1 year) [10]. On the other hand, randomised controlled trials demonstrated 1 year after loading periimplant marginal bone loss of 0.7 mm [70] and 1.1 mm [7] in th...
Contrary to conventional hollow-screw implants (only marginal gap), a problem of the expandable implant is the presence of gaps down to the apical region. Former microbial assessment of different implant-abutment interfaces displayed that none of the marginal connections had the capacity to prevent microbial leakage [63,64,65]. Therefore, an apical microleakage (comparable to distractable implants...
Regarding resonance frequency analysis, the values are related to bone quality and quantity as well as the exposed implant height above the alveolar crest, which depends on the type of implant and insertion technique [55,56,57]. Our results (primary stability in the maxilla 66.9 ± 8.9 ISQ units and in the mandible 72.5 ± 11.1 ISQ units; secondary stability in the maxilla 66.4 ± 10.0...
Several investigators analysed the preferred indications of short dental implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla and outlined the cost efficiency compared to additional vertical augmentations. In the present trial, we used a new short implant in both jaws and nearly all possible indication categories were represented, which proves the broad versatility (Table 4).
In our study, two implant ...
Recent literature has shown that short implants have achieved growing acceptance in the field of oral implantology [9, 10, 39, 40]. Since the last years, concern has decreased about the length of endosseous implants; it should be noted that all extraoral screw implants are short implants [41, 42]. Nevertheless, there are local physiological and biomechanical differences regarding long-term stabili...
Over the follow-up period, the mean crestal bone changes after loading were as follows (each compared to the baseline): in the first year, 1.0 ± 0.9 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.5) in the maxilla and 0.7 ± 0.4 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.0) in the mandible (p = 0.011; independent t test), and in the second year, 1.3 ± 0.8 mm 95% CI (0.8; 1.7) in the maxilla and 1.0 ± 0.7 mm 95% CI (0.6; 1.4...
The first results of this longitudinal study include data from 9 patients with an average age of 57 years (range from 44 to 80) in whom 30 implants were inserted (maxilla n = 15, mandible n = 15). All 30 implants in the 9 patients could be inserted without intraoperative problems. Based on intraoperative and radiological findings, the bone quality was assessed as follows: D1 in n = 2,...
All patients were pseudonymised, parameters were attached to a databank and analysed statistically (Additional file 2). Statistical analyses were performed using statistics software (IBM SPSS statistics, version 20, Chicago, IL, USA). The descriptive statistics presented the frequency and distribution of several occurrences as well as combinations of certain features. Analytical statistics were p...
Simulation of the expansion process. At the end of the expansion process, a minimal snap back is realised. (MP4 9407 kb)
Planning of the implantological treatment followed usual clinical and radiological examination and, concerning the position and number of implants, the recommended categories from the German consensus conference [35]. The drilling sequence, condensing preparation (where necess...
The study was designed as a prospective monocentric longitudinal cohort study according to the STROBE criteria. The participants of this study were recruited at the university hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, implantological consultation from 2014 (June) until 2015 (June). Inclusion and exclusion criteria of adult patients...
It is known that achievement of primary stability is one precondition for osseointegration and treatment success. There are few reports of immediate [14] and early (6 weeks) functional loading of short implants [28]. This is related to good bone quality, implant design or implant site preparation (e.g. under-drilling). However, under-drilling of the crestal aspect may lead to decreased bone-to-im...
Endosseous implants have been established over several decades. The evaluation of treatment results under biomechanical, physiological, psychological, social and economic aspects has been well documented [1]. Furthermore, patient-based outcomes reveal a predictable gain in oral health-related quality of life [2].
Especially in patients with limited vertical bone height, process of treatment is ex...
Short implants often have the disadvantage of reduced primary stability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new expandable short dental implant system intended to increase primary stability.
As a “proof of concept”, a prospective clinical cohort study was designed to investigate intraoperative handling, primary and secondary implant stability (resonanc...
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)
Fig. 8. There were moderately significant and positive correl...
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values
Fig. 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all...
Fig. 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement
Fig. 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level d...
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)
Fig. 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control gro...
Fig. 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Fig. 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks...
Patient no.
Age
Sex
Positiona
Bone qualityb
1
34
...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Patients aged 25–65 years
Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions
Ability to participat...
Tirachaimongkol, C., Pothacharoen, P., Reichart, P.A. et al. Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0058-y
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Received: 14 September 2016
Accepted: 18 November 2016
Published: 08 December 2016
DOI...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep sub-district, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Choknapa Tirachaimongkol & Pathawee Khongkhunthian
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Peraphan Pothacharoen
Department of Oral Medicine, Dental...
The authors acknowledge Mrs. Yupaporn Kiatsakulcharoen and Miss Kamolwan Mangkalad, the Center of Excellent for Dental Implantology, Chiang Mai University for clinical assistance, Mr. Aitthiphon Chongchai, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University for laboratory assistance, Dr.Thanapat Sastraruji, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University for statistical consultat...
Lekholm U, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue integrated prostheses. Patient selection and preparation. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 1985. p. 199–209.
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Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novo alveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;3:251–62.
Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:816–24.
Chapple LLC, Socransky SS, Dibart S, Glenwright DH, Matthews JB. Chemiluminescent as...
Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;5:529–39.
Sim CPC, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length. Clin Oral Implants ...
Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70.
Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12.
Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, ...
Within the limitations of this study and cautious interpretation due to small number of implants/patients, the ISQ values were weakly correlated with both ALP and OC molecules in PICF during the healing period. The results also show that osteocalcin may be used as a biological marker for monitoring implant healing at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after implant placement. The ISQ values showed high stabi...
Vogel and Marcotte [33] suggested that the correlation between mRNA and protein quantities is approximately 40%. As there are many mechanisms between transcription and translation, especially in human cell and protein stability, at the gene expression level, the transcription data is beneficial in making decisions about molecular candidates for future studies at the protein level. The colorimetric...
The main sources of ALP in GCF are neutrophils, bacteria within dental plaque, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts [28]. Plagnat et al. [29] suggested that longitudinal monitoring of ALP in PICF might confirm its possible use as a marker of implant failure. Considering the change in the median values of the ALP level over time, in the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased...
The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies [16, 18]. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage [16]. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor in ...
At the implant site, the OC level continuously increased with time. According to the Friedman followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, there was statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of the impla...
Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the change in the ISQ values at each measurement. The independent samples t test was used to investigate the differences in implant stability in the patients’ gender and bone quality. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, was used ...
The level of OC was measured by using commercially available ELISA kits (Human Osteocalcin Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A 100 μl volume of Assay Diluent RD1-117 (R&D Systems) was added into each well of the microplate and then 50 μl of standard (0–64 ng/ml) or sample was added to each well. The microplate was ...
To observe the level of two bone formation biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) during the osseointegration period compared with control group using GCF from the first molar of the contralateral side of implant position, the sample collection of GCF was performed before the surgical procedure, immediately after the surgical operation and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The ...
The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1.
Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated in this study. All o...
Osteocalcin (OC) is the most plentiful noncollagenous protein of the bone matrix. It is secreted from odontoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts, in order to bind hydroxyapatite and calcium during matrix mineralization [7]. It is one of the serological markers in the bone formation process. Numerous studies have shown increased OC levels in bone formation. However, increased OC level relates more t...
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].The primary stability comes from th...
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time [1].
The primary stability comes from ...
The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method. The null hypothesis of the study is no correlation between the stability of dental implant and bone formation markers.
The study is a prospective...
Dhaliwal, J.S., Albuquerque, R.F., Fakhry, A. et al. Customized SmartPeg for measurement of resonance frequency of mini dental implants.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6
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Received: 09 November 2016
Accepted: 13 January 2017
Published: 01 February 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0066-6
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada
Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal, Ali Fakhry & Jocelyne S. Feine
Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Rubens F. Albuquerque Jr
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Sukhbir Kaur
PAPRSB Institute of Health Sci...
Dhaliwal J, Albuquerque R, Murshed, M, Tamimi, F, Feine, JS. A histomorphometric comparison of osseointegration with MDIs and standard implants. IADR/AADR/CADR 91st General Session, Seattle, Washington, USA, March 20–23, 2013
Zix J, Hug S, Kessler-Liechti G, Mericske-Stern R. Measurement of dental implant stability by resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment: comparison of b...
Barros RR, Novaes Jr AB, Muglia VA, Iezzi G, Piattelli A. Influence of interimplant distances and placement depth on peri-implant bone remodeling of adjacent and immediately loaded Morse cone connection implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(4):371–8. Epub 2010/02/05.
Marin C, Bonfante EA, Granato R, Suzuki M, Granjeiro JM, Coelho PG. The effect of alterati...
Meredith N, Book K, Friberg B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in vivo. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997;8(3):226–33. Epub 1997/06/01.
Meredith N, Alleyne D, Cawley P. Quantitative determination of the stability of the im...
Ersanli S, Karabuda C, Beck F, Leblebicioglu B. Resonance frequency analysis of one-stage dental implant stability during the osseointegration period. J Periodontol. 2005;76(7):1066–71. Epub 2005/07/16.
Bornstein MM, Chappuis V, von Arx T, Buser D. Performance of dental implants after staged sinus floor elevation procedures: 5-year results of a prospective study in partially edentulous patients...
Shatkin TE, Oppenheimer BD, Oppenheimer AJ. Mini dental implants for long-term fixed and removable prosthetics: a retrospective analysis of 2514 implants placed over a five-year period. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2007;28(2):92–9. quiz 100-1. Epub 2007/02/27.
Griffitts TM, Collins CP, Collins PC. Mini dental implants: an adjunct for retention, stability, and comfort for the edentulous patient. Or...
Branemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81–100. Epub 1969/01/01.
Meredith N. Assessment of implant stability as a prognostic determinant. Int J Prosthodont. 1998;11(5):491–501. Epub 1999/01/29.
Lioubavina-Hack N, Lang NP, Karring T. Significance of primar...
The results of this animal study indicate that ISQ measurement of these single-piece MDIs is possible with the help of a custom-made SmartPeg and that 3M™ESPE™MDIs attain primary and secondary stability at the same levels as standard implants in the rabbit tibia.
As there are no studies that provide data based on resonance frequency measurements for single-piece MDIs, the exact RFA threshold values for MDIs may have to be identified with more studies conducted in vivo.
The resonance frequency assessment with a customized SmartPeg would be a useful tool to provide clinically useful information about the condition of the bone-implant interface of 3M™ ESPE...
If the initial ISQ value is high, a small drop in stability normally levels out with time. A big drop in stability or decrease should be taken as a warning sign. Lower values are expected to be higher after the healing period. The opposite could be a sign of an unsuccessful implant, and actions should be taken accordingly.
Studies have shown that the resonance frequency value is greatly associate...
It is important to measure the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of single-piece mini dental implants as they are becoming increasingly popular, with the concomitant increase in publications demonstrating their high survival and success rates. Although the clinical use of Osstell devices is also increasing, there is lack of studies on its use with single-piece implants, which do not have internal t...
The ISQ values obtained while calibrating the customized SmartPeg were similar to in vivo results. Median ISQ values at insertion and at 6 postoperative weeks were 53.3 (IQR 8.3) and 60.5 (5.5) for the 3M™ESPE™MDIs, and 58.5 (4.75) and 65.5 (9.3) for the Ankylos® implants, respectively, with no statistical difference (Figs. 2 and 3). The ISQ values of both 3M™ESPE™ MDI and Ankylos® (Fig...
ISQ values were averaged and compared between implant types and times using Wilcoxon’s matched pairs signed-rank tests at a significance level of p
For the MDIs, a small longitudinal skin incision was made just distal to the tibia/femur joint. The tibia/femur head was exposed subperiosteally, and an osteotomy was performed with the pilot drill under copious irrigation with saline solution, transposing the cortical bone to the depth of 0.5 mm. The implants were aseptically transferred to the bone site and manually rotated clockwise while exer...
Single use Osstell SmartPegs for standard implants are made from a soft metal with a zinc-coated magnet mounted on top of it and attached to the implants or abutments’ internal threads. As the company does not provide SmartPegs for one-piece implants, we developed a customized SmartPeg for mini dental implants (3M™ESPE™ MDIs), which do not have internal threads (Fig. 1). After confirming th...
The aim of the study is to test the feasibility of a customized SmartPeg for ISQ measurement of single-piece mini dental implants and to compare the primary stability of a standard and the mini dental implant (3M™ESPE™MDI) in a rabbit model after 6 weeks of healing.
There are no published studies on the ISQ measurement of mini dental implants, as SmartPegs for these implants are not available till date. Since these are one-piece implants and do not have an internal thread for the SmartPeg’s attachment, a custom-made SmartPeg needs to be fabricated for ISQ measurement. Therefore, we developed and tested a customized SmartPeg for 3M™ESPE™ MDIs to measure ...
Mechanical testing methods like reverse torque, or “pullout test,” have been used to study and measure the mechanical interface between implant and bone in various ways [22, 23]. The Branemark group has evaluated the mechanical properties of osseointegrated implants using torsion and pullout tests and lateral loading tests [24, 25]. Presence or absence of mobility and the bone level around the...
Osseointegration refers to the phenomenon for close apposition of the bone to the surface of an implant with no interposing tissue that can be clinically demonstrated by absence of mobility [1, 2]. Obtaining primary stability seems to be a precondition for a successful osseointegration [3]. Dental implants have a success rate of over 90% and are available in various sizes with different surfaces [...
The new custom-made SmartPeg is suitable for measuring the Implant Stability Quotient of 3M™ESPE™MDIs. The primary stability of 3M™ESPE™MDIs is similar to the primary stability attained by standard implants in the rabbit tibia.
One-piece narrow diameter implants (NDIs) have been recommended as “Single-tooth replacements in the anterior zones, single posterior, multiple-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), edentulous jaws to be rehabilitated with FDP, and edentulous jaws rehabilitation with overdentures in situations with reduced mesiodistal space or reduced ridge width.” (ITI consensus 2013). Since NDIs can be immedia...
Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was 0.2981 and at 1 year 0.6613
Fig. 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was ...
Fig. 2. ISQ values at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Mean and standard deviation of ISQ values taken at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year is presented. No statistical significant difference was determined between ISQ values at all time points. (p
Fig. 1. Implant design. The OSPTX and OSP implants are manufactured from high-grade commercially pure titanium with surface roughness produced via a fluoride treatment process. The OSP implant is a screw-shaped self-tapping implant. The diameter used in this study was 4.0 mm. The implant length used in this study was 8 mm. The OSPTX implant has the same features as the OSP except the apex of t...
Implant success
Clinically immobile when tested manually and/or with RFA (minimum ISQ = 65)
Absence of peri-implant radiolucency present on an undistorted radiograph
Absence of unresolved pain, discomfort, inf...
Inclusion
Male or female
At least 18 years old
Healthy enough to undergo routine implant surgery and subsequent dental treatment
Partially edentulous requiring...
Simmons, D.E., Maney, P., Teitelbaum, A.G. et al. Comparative evaluation of the stability of two different dental implant designs and surgical protocols—a pilot study.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0078-2
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Received: 18 January 2017
Accepted: 22 April 2017
Published: 02 May 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-01...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Department of Periodontics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA
David E. Simmons, Pooja Maney, Austin G. Teitelbaum, Susan Billiot & A. Archontia Palaiologou
Tulane University SPHTM, 1440 Canal St, Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA
Lomesh J. Popat
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De Bruyn H, Raes F, Cooper LF, Reside G, Garriga JS, Tarrida LG, et al. Three-years clinical outcome of immediate provisionalization of single Osseospeed() implants in extraction sockets and healed ridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(2):217–23.
Ebler S, Ioannidis A, Jung RE, Hammerle CH, Thoma DS. Prospective randomized controlled clinical study comparing two types of two-piece dental impla...
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Felice P, Cannizzaro G, Checchi V, March...
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I-CAT 17 19; Imaging Services International LLC, 1910 North Penn Rd., Hatfield, PA 19440
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Osstell USA, 6700 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 200, Columbia, MD 21046
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Survival rates and stability of OSP and OSPTX implants was comparable.
Osteotomy preparation either by the standard or by the soft bone surgical protocol had no significant effect on implant survival, success, and stability.
Insertion torque presented a moderate to strong correlation with ISQ values at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year.
Insertion torque presented a weak correlation to ISQ values...
Insertion torque presented a moderate to strong correlation with ISQ values at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year but not at time of implant insertion. This finding is in agreement with Acil et al. who reported no statistically significant correlation between insertion torque and ISQ at time of implant placement [22].
Although a strong correlation was found between insertion torque and bone loss at...
Augmentation of the maxillary sinus prior to dental implant placement is routinely performed in order to help patients restore their maxillary posterior dentition. Unfortunately, not all patients are candidates for this procedure due to either health, personal, or financial concerns. An alternative treatment without the need for a sinus elevation procedure is the use of a shorter implant. Research...
Overall implant survival rate was 93.3%. Two implants failed, one implant in group A (OSPTXSoft) and one in group B (OSPTXStd). Both implant failures occurred at the time of uncovery (at 6 weeks) and prior to loading of the implants and were attributed to lack of integration. With the exception of these two failed implants, there was 100% success for all remaining implants using the parameters de...
ANOVA was used to compare the mean implant stabilities between the three groups. Post hoc testing was done via Tukey’s honestly significant differences test to calculate the differences between ISQ measurements at the time of implant placement, 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months (Fig. 2) as well as bone levels at 6 and 12 months (Fig. 3). The correlations of multiple parameters such as insertion t...
Following proper approval by the LSUHSC Institution Review Board (LSUNO IRB#7438), 27 (30 implant sites) systemically healthy patients at least 18 years old were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups as follows (inclusion and exclusion criteria are described in detail in Table 1):
Group A received 10 OSPTX implants using the soft bone surgical protocol (OSPTXSoft).
G...
A recent systematic review by Stocchero et al. concluded that an undersized drilling protocol in soft bone is an effective way to enhance insertion torque but recommended that further clinical studies are needed to confirm these data [18]. Our study was designed to address this question, as it compared the standard drilling protocol to a soft bone protocol.
Our study hypothesis is that the stabil...
Dental implants are now a widely accepted treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. The therapeutic goal of dental implants is to support restorations that replace single or multiple missing teeth so as to provide patient comfort, function, and esthetics as well as assist in the ongoing maintenance of remaining intraoral and perioral structures. However, anatomic limitations such as t...
Survival and stability of OSPTX and OSP implants is comparable. Osteotomy preparation by either standard or soft bone surgical protocol presented no significant effect on implant survival and stability for the specific implant designs.
The purpose of this study was to compare a parallel wall design implant to a tapered apex design implant when placed in the posterior maxilla using two different surgical protocols.
Twenty-seven patients (30 implants) were divided into three groups. All implants were 4 mm wide in diameter and 8 mm long.
Group A received 10 tapered implants (OSPTX) (Astra Tech OsseoSpeed TX™) using the soft b...
Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration
Fig. 7. Vestibular view of the final restoration
Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective
Fig. 6. Occlusal view of the final restoration. In this case, with the longest cantilever extension on a final restoration within this collective
Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration
Fig. 5. One-year post-surgery panoramic radiograph with final restoration
Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration
Fig. 4. Occlusal view of implant-abutments 3 months post-surgery at the first removal of the temporary restoration
Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders
Fig. 3. Fill-in of the occlusal perforations with self-curing resin to connect the prostheses to the temporary titanium cylinders
Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration
Fig. 2. Preparation of the composite veneers for making the temporary restoration
Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth
Fig. 1. Preparation of implant cavity through corresponding metal sleeves after extraction of the central incisors using a surgical template supported by hopeless remaining teeth
Collective
Mesial
Distal
1 year
55 months (40–84)
1 year
...
Collective
ISQ
P
At insertion
3 months
Total (n = 57)
61.3 ± 7.8
...
Collective
PT value
P
At insertion
3 months
Total (n = 57)
−1.8 ± 2.4
...
Period
# of implants
# of failures
Survival rate (%)
Cumulative survival rate (%)
0 t...
Diameter
Length
10 mm
12 mm
14 mm
16 mm
Axial
...
Wentaschek, S., Hartmann, S., Walter, C. et al. Six-implant-supported immediate fixed rehabilitation of atrophic edentulous maxillae with tilted distal implants.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 35 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0096-0
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Received: 14 March 2017
Accepted: 13 July 2017
Published: 25 July 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0096-0
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
The retrospective data analysis was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008, and all patients signed an informed consent. After consulting the local ethic committee, the decision was that due to the retrospective character of this study, with no additional data acquisition, no ethical approval is needed according to the hospital laws of the appropriate sta...
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
S. Wentaschek & S. Hartmann
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
C. Walter & W. Wagner
You can also search for ...
The authors would like to thank Bredent Medical (Senden, Germany) for providing the 3D-planning system and supporting the treatment nonfinancially.
Bayer G, Kistler F, Kistler S, Adler S, Neugebauer J. Sofortversorgung mit reduzierter Implantatanzahl: Wissenschaftliche Konzeption und klinische Ergebnisse. Berlin: Quintessenz; 2011.
Hanley JA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology: the state of the art. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1989;29(3):307–35.
Atieh MA, Alsabeeha NH, Payne AG, de Silva RK, Schwass DS, Duncan WJ. The prognos...
Pommer B, Mailath-Pokorny G, Haas R, Busenlechner D, Furhauser R, Watzek G. Patients’ preferences towards minimally invasive treatment alternatives for implant rehabilitation of edentulous jaws. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2014;7(Suppl 2):S91–109.
Monje A, Suarez F, Galindo-Moreno P, Garcia-Nogales A, Fu JH, Wang HL. A systematic review on marginal bone loss around short dental implants (
Area under the curve
Implant stability quotient
Periotest
Receiver operating characteristic
Within the limits of this small group (n = 10 patients/60 implants), the failure rate of the analyzed implant system (n = 3 respective 5% implant loss) seems to be comparable with other immediate-loading protocols. On the other side, the implant loss rate of tilted implants (n = 2 of 20) in the atrophic upper jaw was quite high, but still, the aimed treatment concept could be achieved in eve...
Between baseline and first removal of the temporary restoration after 3 months, the mean ISQ increased and the mean PT value decreased significantly in the axial and tilted implants. This is in contrast to some other studies which evaluated no significant differences of stability parameters between primary and secondary stability with immediate loading in edentulous maxilla [16, 21, 22].
The pre...
The overall implant survival rate of 95% is slightly lower than the reported mean survival rates of the concept of tilted implants and immediate loading in edentulous jaws [11] but still close to them and maybe more comparable to investigations in which implants were also immediately loaded in the edentulous maxilla which were partly placed in fresh extraction sites [15, 16]. Nevertheless, what is...
After the temporary restoration with a fixed prosthesis, all 10 patients selected a fixed final restoration. These consisted of a cast metal framework with a full ceramic veneering including the replacement of at least the second premolars. They were made after a new impression on the abutment level (Figs. 6 and 7). The neck of the 20 tilted distal implants was positioned in region 4 (n = 5 impl...
Ten patients with a mean age at implant insertion of 64 ± 11.3 years (range 38 to 81 years; six women, four men) were included. Sixty titanium screw implants (Table 1) were inserted and immediately loaded between 09/2009 and 01/2013.
Seven patients had remaining teeth until implant surgery (two patients with 4, four patients with 7, and one patient with 12 teeth). Twenty-one (35%) of the 60 ...
Changes in marginal bone level were measured using the routinely made digital panoramic radiographs if these were available. The measurement tool was calibrated with the known respective implant length. To evaluate the bone loss, the difference was formed between the bone level at follow-up examination (Fig. 5) and at implant placement which is the baseline.
An implant was considered as successfu...
The patients were screened with preliminary panoramic radiographs, and since all the implants were 3D planned (SKYplanX™ program, Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) and inserted with a guiding template, a cone-beam CT (CBCT) was obtained eventually (KaVo 3D eXam™ unit, KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach/Riss, Germany).
The drillings were performed using a 3D-planned surgical template with different metal...
In a retrospective study, all patients with immediately loaded implants in an edentulous maxillae with limited posterior ridge dimensions that received an equal concept were included if they had a follow-up of at least 3 years. The concept contained immediate loading with distal tilted implants and six implants per edentulous maxillae of a single implant system (blueSky™ implants, Bredent GmbH,...
For a few years, there has been a trend towards minimally invasive implant treatment concepts avoiding bone augmentation even in very atrophic edentulous jaws. These concepts aim to make an implant treatment with a shorter duration, with less inconvenience such as swelling or pain and possibly also economically more attractive [1]. If the implant treatment is less invasive, because of the possible...
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of six Bredent blueSky™ implants (Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) immediately loaded with a fixed full-arch prosthesis (two tilted posterior and four axial frontal and premolar implants).
All 10 patients with atrophic edentulous maxillae being treated with a standardized procedure from 09/2009 to 01/2013, who had a follow-...
Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated and direct measured ISQ values of the tested implants
Fig. 4. Scatterplot depicting indirect calculated and direct measured ISQ values of the tested implants
Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing to a 1 maximum RF based on 1000 measurements in case of a Straumann test implant
Fig. 3. Example of a typical autospectrum pointing to a 1 maximum RF based on 1000 measurements in case of a Straumann test implant
Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a Smartpeg mounted on a test implant. Note the red laser beam dot on the flat surface of the Smartpeg hexagon part
Fig. 2. Clamped Osstell probe orientated towards a Smartpeg mounted on a test implant. Note the red laser beam dot on the flat surface of the Smartpeg hexagon part
Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffness aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex by laser Doppler vibrometry. Intentional partial imbedding of implants allows to detect both the deflection of implant and Smartpeg separately at different vertical levels by changing the position of the laser beam
Fig. 1. Concept for study of deflection and stiffness aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex ...
Batch #
Implant system
Implant length (mm)
Implant diameter (mm)
Mean measured resonance freq (kHz)
SD meas...
Author and study
Implant position (implant number)
Mean ISQ values at given time-point post-insertion
Type of Osstell device used
Barewal et al. 2003 [10]
...
Debruyne, S., Grognard, N., Verleye, G. et al. ISQ calculation evaluation of in vitro laser scanning vibrometry-captured resonance frequency.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 44 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0105-3
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Received: 11 April 2017
Accepted: 28 September 2017
Published: 12 October 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0105-3
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Stijn Debruyne, Nicolas Grognard, Gino Verleye, Korneel Van Massenhove, Dimitrios Mavreas, and Bart Vande Vannet declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Correspondence to
Nicolas Grognard.
Department of Mechanics, Research Group Propolis, School of Engeneering Sciences, Katholieke Hoge School Brugge-Oostende, Ostend, Belgium
Stijn Debruyne
Kliniek Royal, Koningstraat 41, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
Nicolas Grognard
CHIR-Unit Dentistry–ORHE, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
Nicolas Gro...
Han J, Lulic M, Lang NP. Factors influencing resonance frequency analyis assessed by Osstell Mentor during implant issue integration: II: implant surface modifications and implant diameter. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;6:605–11.
Bornstein M, Hart C, Halbritter S, Morton D, Buser D. Early loading of nonsubmerged titanium implants with a chemically modified sand-blasted and acid-etched surface: 6...
Adell R, Lekholm U, Brånemark PI. Surgical procedures. In: Brånemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T, editors. Tissue integrated prothese. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chigaco: Quintessence; 1985. p. 211–32.
Strid K. Radiographic procedures. In: Brånemark P-I, Zarb G, Albrektsson T, editors. Tissue integrated prothese. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chigaco: Quintessence; 1985...
In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the algorithm applied and provided by Osstell to calculate ISQ values is correct, making the laboratory procedure valuable for future research focused on stiffness aspects of the implant-Smartpeg complex and its possible influence on the overall RFA measurement. Vice versa, the present study demonstrates the correctness of the actual applied algor...
The focus of this in vitro study was to develop a laboratory method, intended for future research of aspects of implant-Smartpeg complex stiffness and its possible influence on the overall RFA-based implant stability determination. In the past, other laboratory methodologies have been engineered to investigate implant deflection and/or lateral displacement by means of transducers. A setup using a ...
Mean values (± SD) of recorded maximum RF values, calculated indirect ISQ values, and direct recorded ISQ values for Ankylos (A) and Straumann (S) test implants are shown in Table 2.
Using the Shapiro-Wilk test for indirect ISQ (p = 0.05) and direct ISQ (p = 0.02), we can conclude that both indirect and direct ISQ measures are not drawn from a normal distribution (data not shown). Bot...
In total, for each given implant type with a given diameter/length configuration, 25 measurements for indirect and 5 measurements for direct ISQ computing were performed.
The SPSS statistical software package 22.0 (IBM SPSS, Chicago, USA) was used. A Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify distribution normality for both direct and indirect determined ISQ values. The paired sample t test and the Wil...
The Smartpeg excitation mode was exactly performed as described above. Notation of the maximum resonance frequency for indirect measurements is followed by notation of direct ISQ value on the display of Osstell IDx device. Positioning of the probe was not changed during indirect and direct recordings for a given test implant.
Each resin block contained five identical implants with attached Smartp...
Test implants originating from various manufacturers were investigated. Straumann sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA)® tissue level standard implants (Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) with the following diameter: length configurations were 3.3–12 mm (RN connection), 3.3–4.1 mm (RN connection), and 4.8–8 mm (WN connection), Ankylos Cell Plus® surfaced B-implant types (Dentsply Im...
Laser Doppler vibrometry possesses a working principle based on the so-called Doppler effect and allows non-contact quantitative measurement of vibration (https://en.wikpedia.org/wiki/Laser_scanning_vibrometry, 2017). The Doppler effect itself finds its origin when a light beam is backscattered on a vibrating surface and experiences a change in wave phase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_eff...
The computed ISQ value is based on the following calculation formulae:
Hereby, f denotes the measured maximum resonance frequency (RF). Coefficients a, b, c, d, and e are property information of Osstell (Osstell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). The coefficients were provided for internal use under the agreement of no publication. From clinical reports [10,11,12,13,14,15,16] listed in Table 1, it ...
At present, multiple implant stability assessment methodologies are used, both of invasive and non-invasive nature, including percussion test [1], X-ray evaluation [2], cutting resistance during implant insertion (e.g., electronic insertion torque determination) [3], turn-out or reverse torque test [4], Periotest® [5, 6], and resonance frequency analysis (“RFA”), e.g., the Osstell method [7, ...
Implant stability testing at various stages of implant therapy by means of resonance frequency analysis is extensively used. The overall measurement outcome is a function of the resulting stiffness of three entities: surrounding bone, bone-implant complex, and implant-Smartpeg complex. The influence of the latter on the overall measurement results is presently unknown. It can be investigated in vi...
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i32 and i34)
mandible.)
Fig. 4. a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up examination. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)
Fig. 3. ution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) for both jaws measured by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden). b Secondary implant stability. The histogram shows the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) of osseointegrated implants. According to the measurement implant stability was classified as low with ISQ values 70 [34]
Fig. 3. a Primary ...
Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxilla and in the mandible (log rank test, p = 0.173) over the follow-up period up to 37 months (Table 4)
Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxi...
Fig. 1. he implant-abutment connection is characterised by an internal hexagon for rotation stability, combining the advantages of conical and parallel surfaces to reduce microgaps and micromovement [68]. The microthread concept and platform switching concept are implemented in the implant shoulder to reduce periimplant bone strain [53]. b Manual fixation of the expansion tool. Take note of the...
Patient
Sex
Age (years)
Implant position (FDI)
Indication categorya
Bone quality
Prosthetic treatment
...
Type of prosthetic treatment
Session
Procedure
Fixed denture (bridge)
1
Open impression
...
Surgical protocol
Bone quality
D1
D2
D3
D4
1. Drilli...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
1. Adult patients, male and female
1. Comorbidity ASA category ≥ III
2. Partially/totally edentulous patients
...
Reich, W., Schweyen, R., Heinzelmann, C. et al. Novel expandable short dental implants in situations with reduced vertical bone height—technical note and first results.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 46 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0107-1
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Received: 18 August 2017
Accepted: 12 October 2017
Published: 30 October 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Dataset presenting relevant raw data. (SAV 3 kb)
WR is a senior physician at the University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Halle/Saale, Germany.RS is a clinical research associate at the University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.CH is a consultant at the University Hospi...
WR is a senior physician at the University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Halle/Saale, Germany.
RS is a clinical research associate at the University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
CH is a consultant at the University H...
Correspondence to
Waldemar Reich.
Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
Waldemar Reich, Christian Heinzelmann, Bilal Al-Nawas & Alexander Walter Eckert
University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 16, 06112, Halle (Saale), Ger...
The authors are grateful to the DenTack Company for providing some of the implants and components used in this study. The courtesy of Oz Vachtenberg is acknowledged for providing Fig. 1a–f and the movie clip. There are no financial supports or conflicts of interest associated with this publication that could have influenced its outcome. We thank the Osstell Company, which supplied the RFA devic...
Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Kumari S. Microleakage at different implant abutment interface: a systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):ZE10–5.
Feichtinger M, Gaggl A, SChultes G, Kärcher H. Evaluation of distraction implants for prosthetic treatment after vertical alveolar ridge distraction: a clinical investigation. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16(1):19–24.
Pradeep PR, Kasti KJ, Ananthakrish...
Gehrke SA, Pérez-Albacete Martinez C, Piattelli A, Shibli JA, Markovic A, Calvo Guirado JL. The influence of three different apical implant designs at stability and osseointegration process: experimental study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(3):355–61.
Herrero-Climent M, Santos-Garcia R, Jaramillo-Santos R, Romero-Ruiz MM, Fernandez-Palacin Lazaro-Calvo P, Bullon P, Rios-Santos JV....
Malmstrom H, Gupta B, Ghanem A, Cacciato R, Ren Y, Romanos GE. Success rate of short dental implants supporting single crowns and fixed bridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(9):1093–8.
Garfield RE. An expandable implant fixture. Dent Implantol Updat. 1998;9(5):37–40.
Nowzari H, Chee W, Tuan A, Abou-Rass M, Landesman HM. Clinical and microbiological aspects of the Sargon immediate load imp...
Brenner M, Brandt J, Lauer HC. Prothetische Versorgung auf kurzen Implantaten. Zahnmedizin up2date. 2014;2:123–42. (German)
Eitner S, Wichmann M, Schlegel KA, Kollmannberger JE, Nickenig HJ. Oral health-related quality of life and implant therapy: an evaluation of preoperative, intermediate, and post-treatment assessments of patients and physicians. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012;40(1):20–3.
...
De Moraes SL, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Almeida DA, de Mello CC, Pellizzer EP. A 3-D finite element study of the influence of crown-implant ratio on stress distribution. Braz Dent J. 2013;24(6):635–41.
Moraes SL, Pellizzer EP, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Silva JV. Three-dimensional finite element analysis on stress distribution in retention screws of different crown-implant ratios. Comput Methods...
Thoma DS, Haas R, Tutak M, Garcia A, Schincaglia GP, Hämmerle CH. Randomised controlled multicenter study comparing short dental implants (6 mm) versus longer dental implants (11-15 mm) in combination with sinus floor elevation procedures. Part 1: demographic and patient-reported outcomes at 1 year of loading. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(1):72–80.
Hentschel A, Herrmann J, Glauche I, Vollmer A,...
Schwarz F, Terheyden H. Significance of dental implants for health care. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2011;54(9):1097–101. (German)
Gates WD, Cooper LF, Sanders AE, Reside GJ, De Kok IJ. The effect of implant-supported removable partial dentures on oral health quality of life. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2014;25:207–13.
Fretwurst T, Nack C, Al-Ghrairi M, Raguse JD, ...
Bone quality (density)
World Dental Federation
Implant stability quotient
Resonance frequency analysis
Initial results of the ongoing study confirm the feasibility and safety of the employed system. The implant type seems to be useful for all bone qualities and shows high initial and secondary biomechanical stability in the maxilla and mandible. Long-term follow-up will be needed in validating these initial results in a larger 3-year clinical trial. Crestal bone changes should be evaluated in a la...
Comparable studies displayed at 24 months a crestal bone loss of 0.5–0.6 mm [15]. Other authors reported at 2, 3 and 5 years a mean loss of 0.57, 0.55 and 0.53 mm, respectively, in the mandible (without significant change after 1 year) [10]. On the other hand, randomised controlled trials demonstrated 1 year after loading periimplant marginal bone loss of 0.7 mm [70] and 1.1 mm [7] in th...
Contrary to conventional hollow-screw implants (only marginal gap), a problem of the expandable implant is the presence of gaps down to the apical region. Former microbial assessment of different implant-abutment interfaces displayed that none of the marginal connections had the capacity to prevent microbial leakage [63,64,65]. Therefore, an apical microleakage (comparable to distractable implants...
Regarding resonance frequency analysis, the values are related to bone quality and quantity as well as the exposed implant height above the alveolar crest, which depends on the type of implant and insertion technique [55,56,57]. Our results (primary stability in the maxilla 66.9 ± 8.9 ISQ units and in the mandible 72.5 ± 11.1 ISQ units; secondary stability in the maxilla 66.4 ± 10.0...
Several investigators analysed the preferred indications of short dental implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla and outlined the cost efficiency compared to additional vertical augmentations. In the present trial, we used a new short implant in both jaws and nearly all possible indication categories were represented, which proves the broad versatility (Table 4).
In our study, two implant ...
Recent literature has shown that short implants have achieved growing acceptance in the field of oral implantology [9, 10, 39, 40]. Since the last years, concern has decreased about the length of endosseous implants; it should be noted that all extraoral screw implants are short implants [41, 42]. Nevertheless, there are local physiological and biomechanical differences regarding long-term stabili...
Over the follow-up period, the mean crestal bone changes after loading were as follows (each compared to the baseline): in the first year, 1.0 ± 0.9 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.5) in the maxilla and 0.7 ± 0.4 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.0) in the mandible (p = 0.011; independent t test), and in the second year, 1.3 ± 0.8 mm 95% CI (0.8; 1.7) in the maxilla and 1.0 ± 0.7 mm 95% CI (0.6; 1.4...
The first results of this longitudinal study include data from 9 patients with an average age of 57 years (range from 44 to 80) in whom 30 implants were inserted (maxilla n = 15, mandible n = 15). All 30 implants in the 9 patients could be inserted without intraoperative problems. Based on intraoperative and radiological findings, the bone quality was assessed as follows: D1 in n = 2,...
All patients were pseudonymised, parameters were attached to a databank and analysed statistically (Additional file 2). Statistical analyses were performed using statistics software (IBM SPSS statistics, version 20, Chicago, IL, USA). The descriptive statistics presented the frequency and distribution of several occurrences as well as combinations of certain features. Analytical statistics were p...
Simulation of the expansion process. At the end of the expansion process, a minimal snap back is realised. (MP4 9407 kb)
Planning of the implantological treatment followed usual clinical and radiological examination and, concerning the position and number of implants, the recommended categories from the German consensus conference [35]. The drilling sequence, condensing preparation (where necess...
The study was designed as a prospective monocentric longitudinal cohort study according to the STROBE criteria. The participants of this study were recruited at the university hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, implantological consultation from 2014 (June) until 2015 (June). Inclusion and exclusion criteria of adult patients...
It is known that achievement of primary stability is one precondition for osseointegration and treatment success. There are few reports of immediate [14] and early (6 weeks) functional loading of short implants [28]. This is related to good bone quality, implant design or implant site preparation (e.g. under-drilling). However, under-drilling of the crestal aspect may lead to decreased bone-to-im...
Endosseous implants have been established over several decades. The evaluation of treatment results under biomechanical, physiological, psychological, social and economic aspects has been well documented [1]. Furthermore, patient-based outcomes reveal a predictable gain in oral health-related quality of life [2].
Especially in patients with limited vertical bone height, process of treatment is ex...
Short implants often have the disadvantage of reduced primary stability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new expandable short dental implant system intended to increase primary stability.
As a “proof of concept”, a prospective clinical cohort study was designed to investigate intraoperative handling, primary and secondary implant stability (resonanc...
Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant at the time of its placement at the mandibular left second premolar in a 63-year-old Caucasian female. b Radiographic image of a three-unit fixed partial denture upon its initial placement. The dental implant is the anterior abutment with the prosthesis screw retained to it. The distal abutment is the mandibular left sec...
Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment installation on a 5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant used to help support a removable partial denture for a 71-year-old Caucasian male. b Radiograph of the area taken at 82 months demonstrates good bone stability. c Clinical image of the area 82 months later. Soft tissue remains healthy. The two teeth anterior are in the process of receivin...
Time
ISQ
n
Implant insertion
73.6 ± 8.1
86
1–4 weeks
...
Interval
Implants
Failed
Not followed
CSR (%)
Insertion to 1 year
...
Sex
Age
Smoker
Risk factors
Position
Implant diameter
...
Number
Percent
Jaw
Maxilla
60
69.8
Mandible
...
Number
Percent
Age (years)
20–29
1
1.3
30–39
...
Rosen, P.S., Sahlin, H., Seemann, R. et al. A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants with an electrowetted surface.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136-4
Download citation
Received: 08 January 2018
Accepted: 21 May 2018
Published: 23 August 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection was performed in such a manner that subjects could not be identified, and therefore, it was exempt from IRB review according to Federal Regulation 45 CFR 46.101(b).
All participants consented to publish their information details through the clinic’s standard patient consent procedure. Also, all images appear...
Clinical Professor of Periodontics, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
Paul S. Rosen
Private Practice limited to Periodontics and Dental Implants, 907 Floral Vale Boulevard, Yardley, PA, 19067, USA
Paul S. Rosen
Neoss Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden
Herman Sahlin
University Clinic of Craniofacial, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vienna, Aust...
Due to the ethical and legal responsibility to respect participants’ rights to privacy and to protect their identity, the clinical dataset is not made publicly available.
Srinivasan M, Vazquez L, Rieder P, Moraguez O, Bernard JP, Belser UC. Survival rates of short (6 mm) micro-rough surface implants: a review of literature and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(5):539–45.
Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Diabetes and oral implant failure: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(9):859–67.
Giro G, Chambrone L, Goldstein A, Rodrigues JA,...
Jemt T, Olsson M, Franke SV. Incidence of first implant failure: a retroprospective study of 27 years of implant operations at one specialist clinic. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17(Suppl 2):e501–10.
Pommer B, Frantal S, Willer J, Posch M, Watzek G, Tepper G. Impact of dental implant length on early failure rates: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):856...
Cumulative survival rate
Implant stability quotient
Insertion torque
Odds ratio
Resonance frequency analysis
Relative risk
The current retrospective consecutive case series study provides preliminary data that treatment with 7-mm-length short implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface is a reasonable approach in sites with limited vertical bone dimension. It adds to the body of evidence supporting short implant use for compromised sites. The success seen might be attributed to the larger implant diameters that ...
Thirty-six percent of the implants in the study were placed in extraction sockets. Provided that sufficient initial implant stability is achieved, there should be no additional risk factors compared to implants in healed sites. Studies have shown no difference in marginal bone remodeling between immediately placed and delayed implants [15].
The biggest limitation of the current study is its very ...
A wide distribution in implant insertion torque (10–50 Ncm) was seen in the study. This reflects the variety of clinical situations in which the implants were placed. Assessments were made by using both the RFA value and the insertion torque as to first whether an implant should have been left to heal in the first place and if so, how this would be best accomplished, i.e., through its submergen...
This retrospective study is the first to look at short dental implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface. The survival data suggest that this treatment is a viable option to care. In a systematic review that identified 13 studies on implants shorter than 10 mm, the CSR from the individual studies ranged from 80 to 100% with a combined CSR of 98.3% after 5 years, 94.8% after 6 years, and ...
The chart review identified 86 placed implants in 75 patients. Table 1 summarizes the patient demographics of the 75 patients. Patients ranged in age from 29 to 88 years with a mean of 61.0 ± 12.5 years. Twenty-seven of the patients were males and 48 were females. Table 2 summarizes the implant and site-related information of the 86 placed implants. Mean insertion torque was 30.1 ± 7...
Baseline parameters, both patient- and implant-related, as well as follow-up parameters (implant survival, follow-up time, and resonance frequency analysis) were collected from a review of the patient records.
The main study parameters (principal outcome parameters) were defined to be implant loss and follow-up time. The cumulative survival rate was estimated. The influence of several factors on ...
A retrospective study on short 7 mm hydrophilic implants from a single center was conducted in a private practice limited to periodontics and surgical dental implant placements from one of the authors, PSR (Yardley, Pennsylvania, USA). An exhaustive chart review identified 75 patients for analysis that were treated with 86 short (7 mm) implants during a 5-year period (September 1, 2009, to Novem...
The aim of this retrospective consecutive case series study was to investigate implant survival rate and analyze possible factors affecting the survival of short implants placed in one surgical practice focused on implantology and periodontology in a temporal cohort.
In the past decades, the osseointegration rate of dental implants has dramatically increased, particularly in sites of softer dental bone, which may be attributed to the introduction of moderately roughened surfaces [1, 2]. Moreover, because of this increase in success, clinicians have attempted to push the envelope and place implants into sites that may provide a greater challenge as they wish to...
This retrospective consecutive case series study was performed to determinate the survival rate and implant stability of short (7 mm length) dental implants with an electrowetted hydrophilic surface that were in function from 1 to 7 years.
A retrospective chart review identified and evaluated 86 consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants (ProActive, Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, England) in 75 pat...
Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant at the time of its placement at the mandibular left second premolar in a 63-year-old Caucasian female. b Radiographic image of a three-unit fixed partial denture upon its initial placement. The dental implant is the anterior abutment with the prosthesis screw retained to it. The distal abutment is the mandibular left sec...
Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment installation on a 5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant used to help support a removable partial denture for a 71-year-old Caucasian male. b Radiograph of the area taken at 82 months demonstrates good bone stability. c Clinical image of the area 82 months later. Soft tissue remains healthy. The two teeth anterior are in the process of receivin...
Time
ISQ
n
Implant insertion
73.6 ± 8.1
86
1–4 weeks
...
Interval
Implants
Failed
Not followed
CSR (%)
Insertion to 1 year
...
Sex
Age
Smoker
Risk factors
Position
Implant diameter
...
Number
Percent
Jaw
Maxilla
60
69.8
Mandible
...
Number
Percent
Age (years)
20–29
1
1.3
30–39
...
Rosen, P.S., Sahlin, H., Seemann, R. et al. A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants with an electrowetted surface.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136-4
Download citation
Received: 08 January 2018
Accepted: 21 May 2018
Published: 23 August 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection was performed in such a manner that subjects could not be identified, and therefore, it was exempt from IRB review according to Federal Regulation 45 CFR 46.101(b).
All participants consented to publish their information details through the clinic’s standard patient consent procedure. Also, all images appear...
Clinical Professor of Periodontics, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
Paul S. Rosen
Private Practice limited to Periodontics and Dental Implants, 907 Floral Vale Boulevard, Yardley, PA, 19067, USA
Paul S. Rosen
Neoss Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden
Herman Sahlin
University Clinic of Craniofacial, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vienna, Aust...
Due to the ethical and legal responsibility to respect participants’ rights to privacy and to protect their identity, the clinical dataset is not made publicly available.
Srinivasan M, Vazquez L, Rieder P, Moraguez O, Bernard JP, Belser UC. Survival rates of short (6 mm) micro-rough surface implants: a review of literature and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(5):539–45.
Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Diabetes and oral implant failure: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(9):859–67.
Giro G, Chambrone L, Goldstein A, Rodrigues JA,...
Jemt T, Olsson M, Franke SV. Incidence of first implant failure: a retroprospective study of 27 years of implant operations at one specialist clinic. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17(Suppl 2):e501–10.
Pommer B, Frantal S, Willer J, Posch M, Watzek G, Tepper G. Impact of dental implant length on early failure rates: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):856...
Cumulative survival rate
Implant stability quotient
Insertion torque
Odds ratio
Resonance frequency analysis
Relative risk
The current retrospective consecutive case series study provides preliminary data that treatment with 7-mm-length short implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface is a reasonable approach in sites with limited vertical bone dimension. It adds to the body of evidence supporting short implant use for compromised sites. The success seen might be attributed to the larger implant diameters that ...
Thirty-six percent of the implants in the study were placed in extraction sockets. Provided that sufficient initial implant stability is achieved, there should be no additional risk factors compared to implants in healed sites. Studies have shown no difference in marginal bone remodeling between immediately placed and delayed implants [15].
The biggest limitation of the current study is its very ...
A wide distribution in implant insertion torque (10–50 Ncm) was seen in the study. This reflects the variety of clinical situations in which the implants were placed. Assessments were made by using both the RFA value and the insertion torque as to first whether an implant should have been left to heal in the first place and if so, how this would be best accomplished, i.e., through its submergen...
This retrospective study is the first to look at short dental implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface. The survival data suggest that this treatment is a viable option to care. In a systematic review that identified 13 studies on implants shorter than 10 mm, the CSR from the individual studies ranged from 80 to 100% with a combined CSR of 98.3% after 5 years, 94.8% after 6 years, and ...
The chart review identified 86 placed implants in 75 patients. Table 1 summarizes the patient demographics of the 75 patients. Patients ranged in age from 29 to 88 years with a mean of 61.0 ± 12.5 years. Twenty-seven of the patients were males and 48 were females. Table 2 summarizes the implant and site-related information of the 86 placed implants. Mean insertion torque was 30.1 ± 7...
Baseline parameters, both patient- and implant-related, as well as follow-up parameters (implant survival, follow-up time, and resonance frequency analysis) were collected from a review of the patient records.
The main study parameters (principal outcome parameters) were defined to be implant loss and follow-up time. The cumulative survival rate was estimated. The influence of several factors on ...
A retrospective study on short 7 mm hydrophilic implants from a single center was conducted in a private practice limited to periodontics and surgical dental implant placements from one of the authors, PSR (Yardley, Pennsylvania, USA). An exhaustive chart review identified 75 patients for analysis that were treated with 86 short (7 mm) implants during a 5-year period (September 1, 2009, to Novem...
The aim of this retrospective consecutive case series study was to investigate implant survival rate and analyze possible factors affecting the survival of short implants placed in one surgical practice focused on implantology and periodontology in a temporal cohort.
In the past decades, the osseointegration rate of dental implants has dramatically increased, particularly in sites of softer dental bone, which may be attributed to the introduction of moderately roughened surfaces [1, 2]. Moreover, because of this increase in success, clinicians have attempted to push the envelope and place implants into sites that may provide a greater challenge as they wish to...
This retrospective consecutive case series study was performed to determinate the survival rate and implant stability of short (7 mm length) dental implants with an electrowetted hydrophilic surface that were in function from 1 to 7 years.
A retrospective chart review identified and evaluated 86 consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants (ProActive, Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, England) in 75 pat...
Figure 8. There were moderately significant and positive correlations between the ALP levels and OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. The OC levels in pg/μg protein were associated with the ALP levels in nM/μg protein at the implant site (a), control site (b), and pooled samples of the control and implant sites (c)
Figure 7. Comparison between the trend of the biomarker levels and the trend of the ISQ values over time
Figure 6. There were weakly significant and positive correlations between the ALP or OC levels and ISQ values at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. At the implant site, the ALP levels in nM/μg protein (a) or the OC levels in pg/μg protein (b) were associated with ISQ values
Figure 5. Change in the median values of the OC level over time. In the test group, the OC level continuously increased with time. There was a statistically significant increase in the OC level at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks when compared with 1 week (P
Figure 4. Change in the median values of the ALP level over time. In the test group, the ALP level decreased at 1–4 weeks and then increased at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the ALP level in either the control or the test groups at any measurement
Figure 3. Change in the median values of the GCF (control group) and PICF (test group) volume over time. In the test group, the PICF volume continuously decreased with time (a). There were no significant differences in the median values of the crevicular fluid volume in either the control group or the test groups at any measurement (b)
Figure 2. Change in the mean ISQ values over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ISQ values between 1 and 3 weeks (P
Figure 1. Timeline of the clinical study. I—implant site, T—contralateral posterior mandibular nonsurgical tooth
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
ALP level
(nM/μg protein)
Tooth (control)
175 (215)
203 (308)
148 (269)
143 (112)
266 (427)
145 (96)
181 (148)
191 (263)
107 (128)
Implant (test)
230 (238)
139 (139)
157 (293)
108 (134)
166 (434)
179 (251)
147 (...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Median (interquartile range)
CF volume (μl)
Tooth (control)
0.20 (0.23)
0.26 (0.25)
0.19 (0.20)
0.19 (0.50)
0.17 (0.33)
0.18 (0.08)
0.13 (0.24)
0.23 (0.42)
0.20 (0.17)
Implant (test)
0.26 (0.30)
0.25 (0.41)
0.16 (0.21)
0.17 (0.19)
0.18 (0.33)
0.13 (0.14)
...
Time
Day 0
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
Mean ISQ values
77.0 ± 1.32
65.6 ± 2.70a
70.5 ± 2.03a
72.1 ± 1.64a
74.2 ± 1.65
76.1 ± 1.33
78.1 ± 1.38
78.2 ± 1.32
79.6 ± 1.06
Gender
Male (n = 3)
77.0 ± 0.58
59.7 ± 4.62
71.7 ± 3.24
75.0 ± 1.89
7...
Patient no.
Age
Sex
Positiona
Bone qualityb
1
34
Female
46
3
2
38
Female
36
3
3
43
Female
37
3
4
64
Male
46
2
5
30
Female
47
3
6
48
Female
36
2
7
57
Male
36
3
8
28
Female
46
3
9
33
Male
46
2
10
49
Female
46
3
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Patients aged 25–65 years
Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions
Ability to participate in this study
History of bone augmentation at the implant site in the past 6 months
No systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, etc.)
History of tooth extraction at the implant site in the past 6 months
...
References
Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155–70.
Khongkhunthian P. Implant features. In: Khongkhunthian P, editor. PW Plus Thai Dental Implant. Bangkok: STZ Mospace design; 2015. p. 12.
Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelle...
Regarding the relationship between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels, although the ISQ values were weakly correlated with the bone markers (r = 0.226 for ALP level and r = 0.245 for OC level, P = 0.05), there were significant and positive correlations between the ISQ values and ALP or OC levels at all measurements from week 1 to week 12. These results are in harmony with the ...
That study showed that PICF volume decreased significantly from week 1 to week 3. Alteration of the gingival fluid volume and contents occur according to the condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth. The presence of inflammation increases the gingival fluid volume. Also, changes in peri-implant crevicular fluid contents and volume result from the condition of the peri-implant tis...
Discussion
The results of this study show that, at the time of implantation, the ISQ values ranged between 67.5 and 83. The mean initial ISQ value was 77.0 ± 1.32. These findings are in harmony with those of previous studies. Tallarico et al. (2011) reported that the macro-design of dental implant affects the primary anchorage. They suggested that the high initial ISQ value is a factor...
Results
Ten patients, seven females, and three males, aged 42.4 ± 11.99 years (range, 28 to 64 years), with either a first mandibular or second mandibular molar edentulous area, who required a single nonsubmerged implant participated in this study, as shown in Table 2. The implants used for all patients were 10 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. All patients completed the follow-up. None of t...
The color in the wells changed from blue to yellow. After that, the color solution in each well was measured at 450/540 nm within 30 min. The OC level in each sample was calculated from a standard curve and normalized by total protein.
The level of the ALP activity was measured by colorimetric analysis. Briefly, 80 μl of sample solution were added into each well of a 96-well microplate, and t...
Sample preparation and analysis
GCF/PICF in the Periopaper strip was eluted by adding 320 μl quantity of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the sample tube and incubated at 4 °C, overnight. The eluted protein solution from each gingival fluid sample was used for the biochemical analysis.
Total protein in the gingival fluid sample was measured by the Bradford analysis. Briefly, a 10 μl...
RFA assessments
At implant placement and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks, RFA assessments were performed using the Osstell® ISQ (Integration Diagnostics AB, Goteborg, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A Smartpeg™ (type 47) (Integration Diagnostics AB) was screwed to the implant using a Smartpeg mount. After Smartpeg mount removal, the RFA assessment was perf...
Methods
The study is a prospective clinical study during the 3-month healing period of implant. The study was approved by the Human Experimentation Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study outline is shown in Fig. 1.
Patients
Ten patients, who were partially edentulous in the mandibular posterior region for whom a single nonsubmerged implant was planned, participated ...
The second phenomenon is contact osteogenesis, in which bone formation takes place from the implant surface toward the local bone. This osteogenesis consists of the early phase of osteogenic cell migration, osteoconduction, and de novo bone formation. The de novo bone formation at a solid surface has four stages. The first stage is secretion of the two noncollagenous proteins, osteopontin, and bon...
Background
Dental implants have shown a high success rate for rehabilitation of edentulous patients if certain conditions are met during treatment. Nevertheless, the risk of failure remains difficult to predict. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, biocompatible materials, careful surgery, and an appropriate healing time.
The primary stability c...
Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study
Abstract
Objectives
The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the stability of dental implants and bone formation markers during the healing period and to monitor the stability of dental implants using the resonance frequency analysis (R...
Implant success
Clinically immobile when tested manually and/or with RFA (minimum ISQ = 65)
Absence of peri-implant radiolucency present on an undistorted radiograph
Absence of unresolved pain, discomfort, infection or neuropathy, or peri-implant soft tissue complications attributable to the implant
Implant placement that does not preclude delivery of a prosthetic crown w...
Figure 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 months was 0.2981 and at 1 year 0.6613
Figure 3. Mean bone loss at 6 months and 1 year. Mean bone loss distribution charts at 6 months and 1 year present no statistically significant difference. p value at 6 month...
Figure 2. ISQ values at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Mean and standard deviation of ISQ values taken at placement, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year is presented. No statistical significant difference was determined between ISQ values at all time points. (p
Inclusion
Male or female
At least 18 years old
Healthy enough to undergo routine implant surgery and subsequent dental treatment
Partially edentulous requiring single dental implants in the maxilla
Adequate volume of native or grafted bone to accommodate dental implants at least 8 mm long
No active infections
Physically, emotionally, and financially able to u...
Figure 1. Implant design. The OSPTX and OSP implants are manufactured from high-grade commercially pure titanium with surface roughness produced via a fluoride treatment process. The OSP implant is a screw-shaped self-tapping implant. The diameter used in this study was 4.0 mm. The implant length used in this study was 8 mm. The OSPTX implant has the same features as the OSP except the apex ...
Discussion
Augmentation of the maxillary sinus prior to dental implant placement is routinely performed in order to help patients restore their maxillary posterior dentition. Unfortunately, not all patients are candidates for this procedure due to either health, personal, or financial concerns. An alternative treatment without the need for a sinus elevation procedure is the use of a shorter...
Results
Overall implant survival rate was 93.3%. Two implants failed, one implant in group A (OSPTXSoft) and one in group B (OSPTXStd). Both implant failures occurred at the time of uncovery (at 6 weeks) and prior to loading of the implants and were attributed to lack of integration. With the exception of these two failed implants, there was 100% success for all remaining implants using the par...
Methods
Following proper approval by the LSUHSC Institution Review Board (LSUNO IRB#7438), 27 (30 implant sites) systemically healthy patients at least 18 years old were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups as follows (inclusion and exclusion criteria are described in detail in Table 1):
Group A received 10 OSPTX implants using the soft bone surgical protocol (OSPT...
To avoid invasive sinus augmentation procedures, implants have been designed in shorter lengths such as 8 mm. To further enhance short implant primary stability, a tapered design has been developed which has been proven to provide greater initial stability. Implant stability can be evaluated by different measures such as torque at the time of implant placement, resistance to reverse torque, and re...
Background
Dental implants are now a widely accepted treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. The therapeutic goal of dental implants is to support restorations that replace single or multiple missing teeth so as to provide patient comfort, function, and esthetics as well as assist in the ongoing maintenance of remaining intraoral and perioral structures. However, anatomic limitat...
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to compare a parallel wall design implant to a tapered apex design implant when placed in the posterior maxilla using two different surgical protocols.
Methods
Twenty-seven patients (30 implants) were divided into three groups. All implants were 4 mm wide in diameter and 8 mm long.
Group A received 10 tapered implants (OSPTX) (Astra Tech O...
Figure 5 a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i32 and i34)
Figure 4 a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up examination. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)
Figure 3. a Primary implant stability. The histogram visualises the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) for both jaws measured by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden). b Secondary implant stability. The histogram shows the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) of osseointegrated implants. According to the measurement implant stabil...
Figure 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxilla and in the mandible (log rank test, p = 0.173) over the follow-up period up to 37 months (Table 4)
Figure 1. a Closed short expandable dental implant (4.1 × 7 mm). The implant-abutment connection is characterised by an internal hexagon for rotation stability, combining the advantages of conical and parallel surfaces to reduce microgaps and micromovement. The microthread concept and platform switching concept are implemented in the implant shoulder to reduce periimplant bone strain. b...
Patient
Sex
Age (years)
Implant position (FDI)
Indication categorya
Bone quality
Prosthetic treatment
Follow-up (months)
Implant failure
1. T. I.
F
80
Maxilla 15, 13, 11, 21, 25 (Σ = 5)
IIa
D4
Telescope
37
n = 1c
2. G. S.
F
65
Mandible 34, 32, 42, 44 (Σ = 4)
IIIb
D1
Ball attachment
34
None
3. S. Sa.
F
64
Maxilla 14, 12, 22, 24 (Σ = 4)
...
Type of prosthetic treatment
Session
Procedure
Fixed denture (bridge)
1
Open impression
2
Abutment check, set-up • Titanium abutments • Non-precious metal framework, completely lined • Neighbouring crowns interlocked
3
Check and insertion of the suprastructure • Cementation (ImProv™, Dentegris, Duisburg, Germany)
Combined fixed-removable dentur...
Surgical protocol
Bone quality
D1
D2
D3
D4
1. Drilling sequence (splint)
Last drill
Last drill
Second to last drill
Second to last drill
2. Condensing preparation
–
–
(Analogue to last drill)
Analogue to last drill
3. Implant insertion (maximum torque ≤ 40 N cm)
4. Expansion (maximum torque ≤ 40 N cm)
5. Evaluation of primary ...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
1. Adult patients, male and female
1. Comorbidity ASA category ≥ III
2. Partially/totally edentulous patients
2. Pregnancy, bruxism
3. Alveolar process atrophy Cawood et Howell category ≥ IV
3. Smoking ≥ 10 cigarettes/day
4. Minimum vertical bone height of 7–9 mm for placement of short implants (5–7-mm length)...
Based on an earlier animal histologic study, as well as a clinical up-to-40-month study, which referred to comparable apically expandable implants, authors did not report any periapical inflammatory complications. To eliminate the potential risk of deep intrabony microleakage, it is questionable whether equal biomechanical stability values can be achieved only by the macroth...
In relation to the results by McCullough and Klokkevold, who found that the macrothread design appears to play a positive role in implant stability in the early healing period, this can also be assumed for the employed implant system.
Additionally, with regard to the results by Marković and co-authors, a critical stability drop down due to bone remodeling after bone condensing (impla...
The expansion procedure presents an additional bicortical anchorage in the oro-vestibular direction. In hard bone, this might be a disadvantage and lead to asymmetrical expansion. Manufacturers’ recommendations for hard bone should be strongly considered.
Regarding resonance frequency analysis, the values are related to bone quality and quantity as well as the exposed impl...
Several investigators analysed the preferred indications of short dental implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla and outlined the cost efficiency compared to additional vertical augmentations. In the present trial, we used a new short implant in both jaws and nearly all possible indication categories were represented, which proves the broad versatility (Table 4).
In our study, two imp...
Discussion
Recent literature has shown that short implants have achieved growing acceptance in the field of oral implantology. Since the last years, concern has decreased about the length of endosseous implants; it should be noted that all extraoral screw implants are short implants. Nevertheless, there are local physiological and biomechanical differences regarding long-term stability.
Th...
Results
The first results of this longitudinal study include data from 9 patients with an average age of 57 years (range from 44 to 80) in whom 30 implants were inserted (maxilla n = 15, mandible n = 15). All 30 implants in the 9 patients could be inserted without intraoperative problems. Based on intraoperative and radiological findings, the bone quality was assessed...
Surgical and prosthetic protocol
Planning of the implantological treatment followed usual clinical and radiological examination and, concerning the position and number of implants, the recommended categories from the German consensus conference. The drilling sequence, condensing preparation (where necessary) and manual implant insertion as well as expansion are described in detail...
Material and methods
Study population and measures
The study was designed as a prospective monocentric longitudinal cohort study according to the STROBE criteria. The participants of this study were recruited at the university hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, implantological consultation from 2014 (June...
... the diameter of an implant has greater influence on primary stability than implant length.
Based on in vitro analysis, they concluded additionally that especially in patients with poor bone quality, a variation of implant dimensions is expected to lead to a significant increase of primary stability. Furthermore, stress distribution on short implants is affected by the bone-to-...
Introduction
Endosseous implants have been established over several decades. The evaluation of treatment results under biomechanical, physiological, psychological, social and economic aspects has been well documented. Furthermore, patient-based outcomes reveal a predictable gain in oral health-related quality of life.
Especially in patients with limited vertical bone height, process of treatme...
Novel expandable short dental implants in situations with reduced vertical bone height—technical note and first results
Abstract
Purpose
Short implants often have the disadvantage of reduced primary stability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new expandable short dental implant system intended to increase primary stability.
Methods
As a “pr...