Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i32 and i34)
Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i3...
Fig. 4. n. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)
Fig. 4. a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up examination. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)
Fig. 3. by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden). b Secondary implant stability. The histogram shows the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) of osseointegrated implants. According to the measurement implant stability was classified as low with ISQ values 70 [34]
Fig. 3. a Primary implant stability. The histogram visualises the distribution of the im...
Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxilla and in the mandible (log rank test, p = 0.173) over the follow-up period up to 37 months (Table 4)
Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxi...
Fig. 1. e implant-abutment connection is characterised by an internal hexagon for rotation stability, combining the advantages of conical and parallel surfaces to reduce microgaps and micromovement [68]. The microthread concept and platform switching concept are implemented in the implant shoulder to reduce periimplant bone strain [53]. b Manual fixation of the expansion tool. Take note of the ...
Patient
Sex
Age (years)
Implant position (FDI)
Indication categorya
Bone quality
Prosthetic treatment
...
Type of prosthetic treatment
Session
Procedure
Fixed denture (bridge)
1
Open impression
...
Surgical protocol
Bone quality
D1
D2
D3
D4
1. Drilli...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
1. Adult patients, male and female
1. Comorbidity ASA category ≥ III
2. Partially/totally edentulous patients
...
Reich, W., Schweyen, R., Heinzelmann, C. et al. Novel expandable short dental implants in situations with reduced vertical bone height—technical note and first results.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 46 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0107-1
Download citation
Received: 18 August 2017
Accepted: 12 October 2017
Published: 30 October 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Dataset presenting relevant raw data. (SAV 3 kb)
WR is a senior physician at the University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Halle/Saale, Germany.
RS is a clinical research associate at the University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
CH is a consultant at the University H...
Correspondence to
Waldemar Reich.
Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
Waldemar Reich, Christian Heinzelmann, Bilal Al-Nawas & Alexander Walter Eckert
University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 16, 06112, Halle (Saale), Ger...
The authors are grateful to the DenTack Company for providing some of the implants and components used in this study. The courtesy of Oz Vachtenberg is acknowledged for providing Fig. 1a–f and the movie clip. There are no financial supports or conflicts of interest associated with this publication that could have influenced its outcome. We thank the Osstell Company, which supplied the RFA devic...
Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Kumari S. Microleakage at different implant abutment interface: a systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):ZE10–5.
Feichtinger M, Gaggl A, SChultes G, Kärcher H. Evaluation of distraction implants for prosthetic treatment after vertical alveolar ridge distraction: a clinical investigation. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16(1):19–24.
Pradeep PR, Kasti KJ, Ananthakrish...
Gehrke SA, Pérez-Albacete Martinez C, Piattelli A, Shibli JA, Markovic A, Calvo Guirado JL. The influence of three different apical implant designs at stability and osseointegration process: experimental study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(3):355–61.
Herrero-Climent M, Santos-Garcia R, Jaramillo-Santos R, Romero-Ruiz MM, Fernandez-Palacin Lazaro-Calvo P, Bullon P, Rios-Santos JV....
Malmstrom H, Gupta B, Ghanem A, Cacciato R, Ren Y, Romanos GE. Success rate of short dental implants supporting single crowns and fixed bridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(9):1093–8.
Garfield RE. An expandable implant fixture. Dent Implantol Updat. 1998;9(5):37–40.
Nowzari H, Chee W, Tuan A, Abou-Rass M, Landesman HM. Clinical and microbiological aspects of the Sargon immediate load imp...
Brenner M, Brandt J, Lauer HC. Prothetische Versorgung auf kurzen Implantaten. Zahnmedizin up2date. 2014;2:123–42. (German)
Eitner S, Wichmann M, Schlegel KA, Kollmannberger JE, Nickenig HJ. Oral health-related quality of life and implant therapy: an evaluation of preoperative, intermediate, and post-treatment assessments of patients and physicians. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012;40(1):20–3.
...
De Moraes SL, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Almeida DA, de Mello CC, Pellizzer EP. A 3-D finite element study of the influence of crown-implant ratio on stress distribution. Braz Dent J. 2013;24(6):635–41.
Moraes SL, Pellizzer EP, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Silva JV. Three-dimensional finite element analysis on stress distribution in retention screws of different crown-implant ratios. Comput Methods...
Thoma DS, Haas R, Tutak M, Garcia A, Schincaglia GP, Hämmerle CH. Randomised controlled multicenter study comparing short dental implants (6 mm) versus longer dental implants (11-15 mm) in combination with sinus floor elevation procedures. Part 1: demographic and patient-reported outcomes at 1 year of loading. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(1):72–80.
Hentschel A, Herrmann J, Glauche I, Vollmer A,...
Schwarz F, Terheyden H. Significance of dental implants for health care. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2011;54(9):1097–101. (German)
Gates WD, Cooper LF, Sanders AE, Reside GJ, De Kok IJ. The effect of implant-supported removable partial dentures on oral health quality of life. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2014;25:207–13.
Fretwurst T, Nack C, Al-Ghrairi M, Raguse JD, ...
Bone quality (density)
World Dental Federation
Implant stability quotient
Resonance frequency analysis
Initial results of the ongoing study confirm the feasibility and safety of the employed system. The implant type seems to be useful for all bone qualities and shows high initial and secondary biomechanical stability in the maxilla and mandible. Long-term follow-up will be needed in validating these initial results in a larger 3-year clinical trial. Crestal bone changes should be evaluated in a la...
Comparable studies displayed at 24 months a crestal bone loss of 0.5–0.6 mm [15]. Other authors reported at 2, 3 and 5 years a mean loss of 0.57, 0.55 and 0.53 mm, respectively, in the mandible (without significant change after 1 year) [10]. On the other hand, randomised controlled trials demonstrated 1 year after loading periimplant marginal bone loss of 0.7 mm [70] and 1.1 mm [7] in th...
Contrary to conventional hollow-screw implants (only marginal gap), a problem of the expandable implant is the presence of gaps down to the apical region. Former microbial assessment of different implant-abutment interfaces displayed that none of the marginal connections had the capacity to prevent microbial leakage [63,64,65]. Therefore, an apical microleakage (comparable to distractable implants...
Regarding resonance frequency analysis, the values are related to bone quality and quantity as well as the exposed implant height above the alveolar crest, which depends on the type of implant and insertion technique [55,56,57]. Our results (primary stability in the maxilla 66.9 ± 8.9 ISQ units and in the mandible 72.5 ± 11.1 ISQ units; secondary stability in the maxilla 66.4 ± 10.0...
Several investigators analysed the preferred indications of short dental implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla and outlined the cost efficiency compared to additional vertical augmentations. In the present trial, we used a new short implant in both jaws and nearly all possible indication categories were represented, which proves the broad versatility (Table 4).
In our study, two implant ...
Recent literature has shown that short implants have achieved growing acceptance in the field of oral implantology [9, 10, 39, 40]. Since the last years, concern has decreased about the length of endosseous implants; it should be noted that all extraoral screw implants are short implants [41, 42]. Nevertheless, there are local physiological and biomechanical differences regarding long-term stabili...
Over the follow-up period, the mean crestal bone changes after loading were as follows (each compared to the baseline): in the first year, 1.0 ± 0.9 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.5) in the maxilla and 0.7 ± 0.4 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.0) in the mandible (p = 0.011; independent t test), and in the second year, 1.3 ± 0.8 mm 95% CI (0.8; 1.7) in the maxilla and 1.0 ± 0.7 mm 95% CI (0.6; 1.4...
The first results of this longitudinal study include data from 9 patients with an average age of 57 years (range from 44 to 80) in whom 30 implants were inserted (maxilla n = 15, mandible n = 15). All 30 implants in the 9 patients could be inserted without intraoperative problems. Based on intraoperative and radiological findings, the bone quality was assessed as follows: D1 in n = 2,...
All patients were pseudonymised, parameters were attached to a databank and analysed statistically (Additional file 2). Statistical analyses were performed using statistics software (IBM SPSS statistics, version 20, Chicago, IL, USA). The descriptive statistics presented the frequency and distribution of several occurrences as well as combinations of certain features. Analytical statistics were p...
Simulation of the expansion process. At the end of the expansion process, a minimal snap back is realised. (MP4 9407 kb)
Planning of the implantological treatment followed usual clinical and radiological examination and, concerning the position and number of implants, the recommended categories from the German consensus conference [35]. The drilling sequence, condensing preparation (where necess...
The study was designed as a prospective monocentric longitudinal cohort study according to the STROBE criteria. The participants of this study were recruited at the university hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, implantological consultation from 2014 (June) until 2015 (June). Inclusion and exclusion criteria of adult patients...
It is known that achievement of primary stability is one precondition for osseointegration and treatment success. There are few reports of immediate [14] and early (6 weeks) functional loading of short implants [28]. This is related to good bone quality, implant design or implant site preparation (e.g. under-drilling). However, under-drilling of the crestal aspect may lead to decreased bone-to-im...
Endosseous implants have been established over several decades. The evaluation of treatment results under biomechanical, physiological, psychological, social and economic aspects has been well documented [1]. Furthermore, patient-based outcomes reveal a predictable gain in oral health-related quality of life [2].
Especially in patients with limited vertical bone height, process of treatment is ex...
Short implants often have the disadvantage of reduced primary stability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new expandable short dental implant system intended to increase primary stability.
As a “proof of concept”, a prospective clinical cohort study was designed to investigate intraoperative handling, primary and secondary implant stability (resonanc...
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i32 and i34)
mandible.)
Fig. 4. a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up examination. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)
Fig. 3. ution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) for both jaws measured by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden). b Secondary implant stability. The histogram shows the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) of osseointegrated implants. According to the measurement implant stability was classified as low with ISQ values 70 [34]
Fig. 3. a Primary ...
Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxilla and in the mandible (log rank test, p = 0.173) over the follow-up period up to 37 months (Table 4)
Fig. 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxi...
Fig. 1. he implant-abutment connection is characterised by an internal hexagon for rotation stability, combining the advantages of conical and parallel surfaces to reduce microgaps and micromovement [68]. The microthread concept and platform switching concept are implemented in the implant shoulder to reduce periimplant bone strain [53]. b Manual fixation of the expansion tool. Take note of the...
Patient
Sex
Age (years)
Implant position (FDI)
Indication categorya
Bone quality
Prosthetic treatment
...
Type of prosthetic treatment
Session
Procedure
Fixed denture (bridge)
1
Open impression
...
Surgical protocol
Bone quality
D1
D2
D3
D4
1. Drilli...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
1. Adult patients, male and female
1. Comorbidity ASA category ≥ III
2. Partially/totally edentulous patients
...
Reich, W., Schweyen, R., Heinzelmann, C. et al. Novel expandable short dental implants in situations with reduced vertical bone height—technical note and first results.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 46 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0107-1
Download citation
Received: 18 August 2017
Accepted: 12 October 2017
Published: 30 October 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Dataset presenting relevant raw data. (SAV 3 kb)
WR is a senior physician at the University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Halle/Saale, Germany.RS is a clinical research associate at the University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.CH is a consultant at the University Hospi...
WR is a senior physician at the University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Halle/Saale, Germany.
RS is a clinical research associate at the University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
CH is a consultant at the University H...
Correspondence to
Waldemar Reich.
Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
Waldemar Reich, Christian Heinzelmann, Bilal Al-Nawas & Alexander Walter Eckert
University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 16, 06112, Halle (Saale), Ger...
The authors are grateful to the DenTack Company for providing some of the implants and components used in this study. The courtesy of Oz Vachtenberg is acknowledged for providing Fig. 1a–f and the movie clip. There are no financial supports or conflicts of interest associated with this publication that could have influenced its outcome. We thank the Osstell Company, which supplied the RFA devic...
Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Kumari S. Microleakage at different implant abutment interface: a systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):ZE10–5.
Feichtinger M, Gaggl A, SChultes G, Kärcher H. Evaluation of distraction implants for prosthetic treatment after vertical alveolar ridge distraction: a clinical investigation. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16(1):19–24.
Pradeep PR, Kasti KJ, Ananthakrish...
Gehrke SA, Pérez-Albacete Martinez C, Piattelli A, Shibli JA, Markovic A, Calvo Guirado JL. The influence of three different apical implant designs at stability and osseointegration process: experimental study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(3):355–61.
Herrero-Climent M, Santos-Garcia R, Jaramillo-Santos R, Romero-Ruiz MM, Fernandez-Palacin Lazaro-Calvo P, Bullon P, Rios-Santos JV....
Malmstrom H, Gupta B, Ghanem A, Cacciato R, Ren Y, Romanos GE. Success rate of short dental implants supporting single crowns and fixed bridges. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(9):1093–8.
Garfield RE. An expandable implant fixture. Dent Implantol Updat. 1998;9(5):37–40.
Nowzari H, Chee W, Tuan A, Abou-Rass M, Landesman HM. Clinical and microbiological aspects of the Sargon immediate load imp...
Brenner M, Brandt J, Lauer HC. Prothetische Versorgung auf kurzen Implantaten. Zahnmedizin up2date. 2014;2:123–42. (German)
Eitner S, Wichmann M, Schlegel KA, Kollmannberger JE, Nickenig HJ. Oral health-related quality of life and implant therapy: an evaluation of preoperative, intermediate, and post-treatment assessments of patients and physicians. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012;40(1):20–3.
...
De Moraes SL, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Almeida DA, de Mello CC, Pellizzer EP. A 3-D finite element study of the influence of crown-implant ratio on stress distribution. Braz Dent J. 2013;24(6):635–41.
Moraes SL, Pellizzer EP, Verri FR, Santiago JF Jr, Silva JV. Three-dimensional finite element analysis on stress distribution in retention screws of different crown-implant ratios. Comput Methods...
Thoma DS, Haas R, Tutak M, Garcia A, Schincaglia GP, Hämmerle CH. Randomised controlled multicenter study comparing short dental implants (6 mm) versus longer dental implants (11-15 mm) in combination with sinus floor elevation procedures. Part 1: demographic and patient-reported outcomes at 1 year of loading. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(1):72–80.
Hentschel A, Herrmann J, Glauche I, Vollmer A,...
Schwarz F, Terheyden H. Significance of dental implants for health care. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2011;54(9):1097–101. (German)
Gates WD, Cooper LF, Sanders AE, Reside GJ, De Kok IJ. The effect of implant-supported removable partial dentures on oral health quality of life. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2014;25:207–13.
Fretwurst T, Nack C, Al-Ghrairi M, Raguse JD, ...
Bone quality (density)
World Dental Federation
Implant stability quotient
Resonance frequency analysis
Initial results of the ongoing study confirm the feasibility and safety of the employed system. The implant type seems to be useful for all bone qualities and shows high initial and secondary biomechanical stability in the maxilla and mandible. Long-term follow-up will be needed in validating these initial results in a larger 3-year clinical trial. Crestal bone changes should be evaluated in a la...
Comparable studies displayed at 24 months a crestal bone loss of 0.5–0.6 mm [15]. Other authors reported at 2, 3 and 5 years a mean loss of 0.57, 0.55 and 0.53 mm, respectively, in the mandible (without significant change after 1 year) [10]. On the other hand, randomised controlled trials demonstrated 1 year after loading periimplant marginal bone loss of 0.7 mm [70] and 1.1 mm [7] in th...
Contrary to conventional hollow-screw implants (only marginal gap), a problem of the expandable implant is the presence of gaps down to the apical region. Former microbial assessment of different implant-abutment interfaces displayed that none of the marginal connections had the capacity to prevent microbial leakage [63,64,65]. Therefore, an apical microleakage (comparable to distractable implants...
Regarding resonance frequency analysis, the values are related to bone quality and quantity as well as the exposed implant height above the alveolar crest, which depends on the type of implant and insertion technique [55,56,57]. Our results (primary stability in the maxilla 66.9 ± 8.9 ISQ units and in the mandible 72.5 ± 11.1 ISQ units; secondary stability in the maxilla 66.4 ± 10.0...
Several investigators analysed the preferred indications of short dental implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla and outlined the cost efficiency compared to additional vertical augmentations. In the present trial, we used a new short implant in both jaws and nearly all possible indication categories were represented, which proves the broad versatility (Table 4).
In our study, two implant ...
Recent literature has shown that short implants have achieved growing acceptance in the field of oral implantology [9, 10, 39, 40]. Since the last years, concern has decreased about the length of endosseous implants; it should be noted that all extraoral screw implants are short implants [41, 42]. Nevertheless, there are local physiological and biomechanical differences regarding long-term stabili...
Over the follow-up period, the mean crestal bone changes after loading were as follows (each compared to the baseline): in the first year, 1.0 ± 0.9 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.5) in the maxilla and 0.7 ± 0.4 mm 95% CI (0.5; 1.0) in the mandible (p = 0.011; independent t test), and in the second year, 1.3 ± 0.8 mm 95% CI (0.8; 1.7) in the maxilla and 1.0 ± 0.7 mm 95% CI (0.6; 1.4...
The first results of this longitudinal study include data from 9 patients with an average age of 57 years (range from 44 to 80) in whom 30 implants were inserted (maxilla n = 15, mandible n = 15). All 30 implants in the 9 patients could be inserted without intraoperative problems. Based on intraoperative and radiological findings, the bone quality was assessed as follows: D1 in n = 2,...
All patients were pseudonymised, parameters were attached to a databank and analysed statistically (Additional file 2). Statistical analyses were performed using statistics software (IBM SPSS statistics, version 20, Chicago, IL, USA). The descriptive statistics presented the frequency and distribution of several occurrences as well as combinations of certain features. Analytical statistics were p...
Simulation of the expansion process. At the end of the expansion process, a minimal snap back is realised. (MP4 9407 kb)
Planning of the implantological treatment followed usual clinical and radiological examination and, concerning the position and number of implants, the recommended categories from the German consensus conference [35]. The drilling sequence, condensing preparation (where necess...
The study was designed as a prospective monocentric longitudinal cohort study according to the STROBE criteria. The participants of this study were recruited at the university hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, implantological consultation from 2014 (June) until 2015 (June). Inclusion and exclusion criteria of adult patients...
It is known that achievement of primary stability is one precondition for osseointegration and treatment success. There are few reports of immediate [14] and early (6 weeks) functional loading of short implants [28]. This is related to good bone quality, implant design or implant site preparation (e.g. under-drilling). However, under-drilling of the crestal aspect may lead to decreased bone-to-im...
Endosseous implants have been established over several decades. The evaluation of treatment results under biomechanical, physiological, psychological, social and economic aspects has been well documented [1]. Furthermore, patient-based outcomes reveal a predictable gain in oral health-related quality of life [2].
Especially in patients with limited vertical bone height, process of treatment is ex...
Short implants often have the disadvantage of reduced primary stability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new expandable short dental implant system intended to increase primary stability.
As a “proof of concept”, a prospective clinical cohort study was designed to investigate intraoperative handling, primary and secondary implant stability (resonanc...
Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant at the time of its placement at the mandibular left second premolar in a 63-year-old Caucasian female. b Radiographic image of a three-unit fixed partial denture upon its initial placement. The dental implant is the anterior abutment with the prosthesis screw retained to it. The distal abutment is the mandibular left sec...
Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment installation on a 5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant used to help support a removable partial denture for a 71-year-old Caucasian male. b Radiograph of the area taken at 82 months demonstrates good bone stability. c Clinical image of the area 82 months later. Soft tissue remains healthy. The two teeth anterior are in the process of receivin...
Time
ISQ
n
Implant insertion
73.6 ± 8.1
86
1–4 weeks
...
Interval
Implants
Failed
Not followed
CSR (%)
Insertion to 1 year
...
Sex
Age
Smoker
Risk factors
Position
Implant diameter
...
Number
Percent
Jaw
Maxilla
60
69.8
Mandible
...
Number
Percent
Age (years)
20–29
1
1.3
30–39
...
Rosen, P.S., Sahlin, H., Seemann, R. et al. A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants with an electrowetted surface.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136-4
Download citation
Received: 08 January 2018
Accepted: 21 May 2018
Published: 23 August 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection was performed in such a manner that subjects could not be identified, and therefore, it was exempt from IRB review according to Federal Regulation 45 CFR 46.101(b).
All participants consented to publish their information details through the clinic’s standard patient consent procedure. Also, all images appear...
Clinical Professor of Periodontics, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
Paul S. Rosen
Private Practice limited to Periodontics and Dental Implants, 907 Floral Vale Boulevard, Yardley, PA, 19067, USA
Paul S. Rosen
Neoss Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden
Herman Sahlin
University Clinic of Craniofacial, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vienna, Aust...
Due to the ethical and legal responsibility to respect participants’ rights to privacy and to protect their identity, the clinical dataset is not made publicly available.
Srinivasan M, Vazquez L, Rieder P, Moraguez O, Bernard JP, Belser UC. Survival rates of short (6 mm) micro-rough surface implants: a review of literature and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(5):539–45.
Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Diabetes and oral implant failure: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(9):859–67.
Giro G, Chambrone L, Goldstein A, Rodrigues JA,...
Jemt T, Olsson M, Franke SV. Incidence of first implant failure: a retroprospective study of 27 years of implant operations at one specialist clinic. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17(Suppl 2):e501–10.
Pommer B, Frantal S, Willer J, Posch M, Watzek G, Tepper G. Impact of dental implant length on early failure rates: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):856...
Cumulative survival rate
Implant stability quotient
Insertion torque
Odds ratio
Resonance frequency analysis
Relative risk
The current retrospective consecutive case series study provides preliminary data that treatment with 7-mm-length short implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface is a reasonable approach in sites with limited vertical bone dimension. It adds to the body of evidence supporting short implant use for compromised sites. The success seen might be attributed to the larger implant diameters that ...
Thirty-six percent of the implants in the study were placed in extraction sockets. Provided that sufficient initial implant stability is achieved, there should be no additional risk factors compared to implants in healed sites. Studies have shown no difference in marginal bone remodeling between immediately placed and delayed implants [15].
The biggest limitation of the current study is its very ...
A wide distribution in implant insertion torque (10–50 Ncm) was seen in the study. This reflects the variety of clinical situations in which the implants were placed. Assessments were made by using both the RFA value and the insertion torque as to first whether an implant should have been left to heal in the first place and if so, how this would be best accomplished, i.e., through its submergen...
This retrospective study is the first to look at short dental implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface. The survival data suggest that this treatment is a viable option to care. In a systematic review that identified 13 studies on implants shorter than 10 mm, the CSR from the individual studies ranged from 80 to 100% with a combined CSR of 98.3% after 5 years, 94.8% after 6 years, and ...
The chart review identified 86 placed implants in 75 patients. Table 1 summarizes the patient demographics of the 75 patients. Patients ranged in age from 29 to 88 years with a mean of 61.0 ± 12.5 years. Twenty-seven of the patients were males and 48 were females. Table 2 summarizes the implant and site-related information of the 86 placed implants. Mean insertion torque was 30.1 ± 7...
Baseline parameters, both patient- and implant-related, as well as follow-up parameters (implant survival, follow-up time, and resonance frequency analysis) were collected from a review of the patient records.
The main study parameters (principal outcome parameters) were defined to be implant loss and follow-up time. The cumulative survival rate was estimated. The influence of several factors on ...
A retrospective study on short 7 mm hydrophilic implants from a single center was conducted in a private practice limited to periodontics and surgical dental implant placements from one of the authors, PSR (Yardley, Pennsylvania, USA). An exhaustive chart review identified 75 patients for analysis that were treated with 86 short (7 mm) implants during a 5-year period (September 1, 2009, to Novem...
The aim of this retrospective consecutive case series study was to investigate implant survival rate and analyze possible factors affecting the survival of short implants placed in one surgical practice focused on implantology and periodontology in a temporal cohort.
In the past decades, the osseointegration rate of dental implants has dramatically increased, particularly in sites of softer dental bone, which may be attributed to the introduction of moderately roughened surfaces [1, 2]. Moreover, because of this increase in success, clinicians have attempted to push the envelope and place implants into sites that may provide a greater challenge as they wish to...
This retrospective consecutive case series study was performed to determinate the survival rate and implant stability of short (7 mm length) dental implants with an electrowetted hydrophilic surface that were in function from 1 to 7 years.
A retrospective chart review identified and evaluated 86 consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants (ProActive, Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, England) in 75 pat...
Fig. 3. One possible missing category (depicted as “X”) would be a bone type with thick cortical layer and sparse trabecular bone, which would have intermediate characteristics and behavior between the types with thick (2) or thin (3) cortical bones
Fig. 3. One possible missing category (depicted as “X”) would be a bone type with thick cortical layer and sparse trabecular bone, which ...
Fig. 2. Preoperative CT image showing the site for the definition of the ROI (simulated area delimited by a yellow dashed line for illustration purpose) in the axial (a), coronal (b), and sagittal (6 × 6 mm) (c) sections
Fig. 2. Preoperative CT image showing the site for the definition of the ROI (simulated area delimited by a yellow dashed line for illustration purpose) in the axial (...
Fig. 1. Clinical case of a short implant (4.1 × 6 mm) placed in the region of the left maxillary first molar. a Implant installed. b Insertion torque measurement using the manual torque wrench. c Implant with healing cap and flap suture. d Immediate periapical radiograph after surgery
Fig. 1. Clinical case of a short implant (4.1 × 6 mm) placed in the region of the left maxillar...
Variable
Meana
Std error
95% confidence interval
P value (F; DF)
Arch
Variables
Torque
Tactile
CT visual
MGV_avg
MGV_axial
M...
Variable
Frequency
Mean
SD
95% confidence interval
Patient
...
Triches, D.F., Alonso, F.R., Mezzomo, L.A. et al. Relation between insertion torque and tactile, visual, and rescaled gray value measures of bone quality: a cross-sectional clinical study with short implants.
Int J Implant Dent 5, 9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0158-6
Download citation
Received: 07 October 2018
Accepted: 06 January 2019
Published: 11 February...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
This study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the ethics committee of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul/UBEA (ethical approval letter OF.CEP-772/10; research protocol CEP 10/05074).
Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants.
Diego Fernandes Triches, ...
All authors (1) made substantial contributions to the conception and/or design of the work or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; (2) drafted the paper or revised it critically; (3) approved the final version of this manuscript; and (4) agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Categories of authors’ contribution are as follows: concept/design (RSS, DFT...
Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Dental School, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681 – Prédio 6, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
Diego Fernandes Triches, Fernando Rizzo Alonso, Danilo Renato Schneider, Eduardo Aydos Villarinho, Maria Ivete Rockenbach, Eduardo Rolim Teixeira & Rosemary Sadami Shinkai
Postgraduate Program in Dentistry,...
The authors would like to thank Professor Helena de Oliveira and Dr. Geisa Medeiros for their early assistance with CT software.
The work was supported by a research grant from Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, Brazil; PNPD grant), the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq, Brazil; Universal grant), and the International Team for I...
Kaya S, Yavuz I, Uysal I, Akkus Z. Measuring bone density in healing periapical lesions by using cone beam computed tomography: a clinical investigation. J Endod. 2012;38:28–31.
Brosh T, Yekaterina BE, Pilo R, Shpack N, Geron S. Can cone beam CT predict the hardness of interradicular cortical bone? Head Face Med. 2014;10:12.
Tatli U, Salimov F, Kürkcü M, Akoğlan M, Kurtoğlu C. Does cone be...
Nomura Y, Watanabe H, Honda E, Kurabayashi T. Reliability of voxel values from cone-beam computed tomography for dental use in evaluating bone mineral density. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21:558–62.
Reeves TE, Mah P, McDavid WD. Deriving Hounsfield units using gray levels in cone beam CT: a clinical application. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2012;41:500–8.
Cassetta M, Stefanelli LV, Pacifici A, P...
Degidi M, Daprile G, Piattelli A. Determination of primary stability: a comparison of the surgeon’s perception and objective measurements. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2010;25:558–61.
Alonso FR, Triches DF, Mezzomo LAM, Teixeira ER, Shinkai RSA. Primary and secondary stability of single short implants. J Craniofac Surg. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000004567.
Ribeiro-Rotta RF,...
Cone beam computed tomography
Computed tomographic
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
Field of view
Mean gray values
Region of interest
In summary, within the conditions and limitations of this study, the results suggest that bone quality has a significant effect on the primary stability of short implants as measured by insertion torque. Insertion torque had significant correlation with all assessment methods of bone quality. For preoperative CT evaluation of bone quality, mean gray values (optical density) had stronger associatio...
The present study also used the same preoperative CT images for visual evaluation of bone quality at the exact implant site, using the axial, coronal, and sagittal sections in a standardized procedure. There was a fairly moderate correlation between CT visual assessment and mean gray values, but no statistical difference was found in average mean gray values between the visual classification of bo...
In this study, low- and medium-density values (air and a central FOV soft tissue) were used as reference calibration points for image normalization. The use of a reference object in the FOV containing at least two materials of known density could allow for a calibration similar to the use of reference phantoms in quantitative CT, rather than the “standard” automatic normalization function avai...
This study showed that low bone quality, as assessed by clinical and image methods, is related with low primary stability of 6-mm short implants placed at the posterior region of the maxilla and mandible. Higher insertion torque values were associated with better bone types and higher mean gray values in CT images. Insertion torque had a negative moderate association with bone type categorization ...
Descriptive statistics of the sample are shown in Table 1. For statistical analysis, some data were missing: one implant had mobility after surgery and was lost and four CT scans, containing 11 ROIs, were not used for bone quality analysis due to technical problems. As only one case was categorized as bone type 1 by CT visual or by tactile evaluation, the corresponding mean gray values were exclu...
The mean gray value of each rescaled ROI was measured on the three orthogonal planes: axial, coronal, and sagittal, totaling three ROIs per implant site. The average of the rescaled gray values for the three ROIs was computed for each implant site.
Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the software XLSTAT version 2018 (Addinsoft SARL, New York, USA), and a two-tailed ...
Axial ROI: Using the reference implant location line, the ROI was defined as the alveolar bone area with a 6-mm width corresponding to 3 mm on each side of the future implant center, including the buccal and lingual cortical layers.
Coronal ROI: Area defined by the outer border of the cortical bone with a 6-mm height and a line joining the buccal and lingual cortical layers.
Sagittal ROI: A 6...
The insertion torque was measured using the manual torque wrench (Straumann Dental Implant System®, Waldenburg, Switzerland) (Fig. 1b), according to three categories: 35 N cm. A healing cap was installed, and the suture was made with nylon 5-0 (Fig. 1c). The patients were prescribed with antibiotics (amoxicillin 500 mg, 8/8 h for 7 days), anti-inflammatory drugs (nimesulide 100 mg,...
This study reports cross-sectional, correlational data of a prospective clinical research project [2] approved by the university Institutional Review Board (10/05074). The research protocol followed the precepts of the Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments. All patients signed an informed consent form.
A consecutive, non-probabilistic sample consisted of 45 implants placed in 20 patients tre...
Both multislice CT and cone beam CT are used for presurgical assessment of bone density and quality [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. There is a strong correlation between gray values in cone beam CT and Hounsfield units in multislice CT [4, 12,13,14]. The visual inspection of CT sections avoids the superimposition of anatomical structures seen in radiographs; thus, the region of interest in trabecular bone ca...
The early clinical success of short implants can be affected by poor bone quality and low primary stability because implant micromovement can promote the formation of a fibrous capsule during the osseointegration process. It has been reported that the greater the insertion torque, the greater the resistance of the bone-implant interface to the shear forces that tend to rotate the implant [1]. Clin...
This study assessed the relationship between insertion torque and bone quality evaluated during surgery and in preoperative computed tomographic (CT) images analyzed either visually or by rescaled mean gray values (MGVs). The study also tested the correlation between the clinical and radiographic measures of bone quality.
The consecutive sample was composed of 45 short implants (4.1 × 6 mm...
Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant at the time of its placement at the mandibular left second premolar in a 63-year-old Caucasian female. b Radiographic image of a three-unit fixed partial denture upon its initial placement. The dental implant is the anterior abutment with the prosthesis screw retained to it. The distal abutment is the mandibular left sec...
Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment installation on a 5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant used to help support a removable partial denture for a 71-year-old Caucasian male. b Radiograph of the area taken at 82 months demonstrates good bone stability. c Clinical image of the area 82 months later. Soft tissue remains healthy. The two teeth anterior are in the process of receivin...
Time
ISQ
n
Implant insertion
73.6 ± 8.1
86
1–4 weeks
...
Interval
Implants
Failed
Not followed
CSR (%)
Insertion to 1 year
...
Sex
Age
Smoker
Risk factors
Position
Implant diameter
...
Number
Percent
Jaw
Maxilla
60
69.8
Mandible
...
Number
Percent
Age (years)
20–29
1
1.3
30–39
...
Rosen, P.S., Sahlin, H., Seemann, R. et al. A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants with an electrowetted surface.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136-4
Download citation
Received: 08 January 2018
Accepted: 21 May 2018
Published: 23 August 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection was performed in such a manner that subjects could not be identified, and therefore, it was exempt from IRB review according to Federal Regulation 45 CFR 46.101(b).
All participants consented to publish their information details through the clinic’s standard patient consent procedure. Also, all images appear...
Clinical Professor of Periodontics, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
Paul S. Rosen
Private Practice limited to Periodontics and Dental Implants, 907 Floral Vale Boulevard, Yardley, PA, 19067, USA
Paul S. Rosen
Neoss Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden
Herman Sahlin
University Clinic of Craniofacial, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vienna, Aust...
Due to the ethical and legal responsibility to respect participants’ rights to privacy and to protect their identity, the clinical dataset is not made publicly available.
Srinivasan M, Vazquez L, Rieder P, Moraguez O, Bernard JP, Belser UC. Survival rates of short (6 mm) micro-rough surface implants: a review of literature and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(5):539–45.
Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Diabetes and oral implant failure: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(9):859–67.
Giro G, Chambrone L, Goldstein A, Rodrigues JA,...
Jemt T, Olsson M, Franke SV. Incidence of first implant failure: a retroprospective study of 27 years of implant operations at one specialist clinic. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17(Suppl 2):e501–10.
Pommer B, Frantal S, Willer J, Posch M, Watzek G, Tepper G. Impact of dental implant length on early failure rates: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):856...
Cumulative survival rate
Implant stability quotient
Insertion torque
Odds ratio
Resonance frequency analysis
Relative risk
The current retrospective consecutive case series study provides preliminary data that treatment with 7-mm-length short implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface is a reasonable approach in sites with limited vertical bone dimension. It adds to the body of evidence supporting short implant use for compromised sites. The success seen might be attributed to the larger implant diameters that ...
Thirty-six percent of the implants in the study were placed in extraction sockets. Provided that sufficient initial implant stability is achieved, there should be no additional risk factors compared to implants in healed sites. Studies have shown no difference in marginal bone remodeling between immediately placed and delayed implants [15].
The biggest limitation of the current study is its very ...
A wide distribution in implant insertion torque (10–50 Ncm) was seen in the study. This reflects the variety of clinical situations in which the implants were placed. Assessments were made by using both the RFA value and the insertion torque as to first whether an implant should have been left to heal in the first place and if so, how this would be best accomplished, i.e., through its submergen...
This retrospective study is the first to look at short dental implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface. The survival data suggest that this treatment is a viable option to care. In a systematic review that identified 13 studies on implants shorter than 10 mm, the CSR from the individual studies ranged from 80 to 100% with a combined CSR of 98.3% after 5 years, 94.8% after 6 years, and ...
The chart review identified 86 placed implants in 75 patients. Table 1 summarizes the patient demographics of the 75 patients. Patients ranged in age from 29 to 88 years with a mean of 61.0 ± 12.5 years. Twenty-seven of the patients were males and 48 were females. Table 2 summarizes the implant and site-related information of the 86 placed implants. Mean insertion torque was 30.1 ± 7...
Baseline parameters, both patient- and implant-related, as well as follow-up parameters (implant survival, follow-up time, and resonance frequency analysis) were collected from a review of the patient records.
The main study parameters (principal outcome parameters) were defined to be implant loss and follow-up time. The cumulative survival rate was estimated. The influence of several factors on ...
A retrospective study on short 7 mm hydrophilic implants from a single center was conducted in a private practice limited to periodontics and surgical dental implant placements from one of the authors, PSR (Yardley, Pennsylvania, USA). An exhaustive chart review identified 75 patients for analysis that were treated with 86 short (7 mm) implants during a 5-year period (September 1, 2009, to Novem...
The aim of this retrospective consecutive case series study was to investigate implant survival rate and analyze possible factors affecting the survival of short implants placed in one surgical practice focused on implantology and periodontology in a temporal cohort.
In the past decades, the osseointegration rate of dental implants has dramatically increased, particularly in sites of softer dental bone, which may be attributed to the introduction of moderately roughened surfaces [1, 2]. Moreover, because of this increase in success, clinicians have attempted to push the envelope and place implants into sites that may provide a greater challenge as they wish to...
This retrospective consecutive case series study was performed to determinate the survival rate and implant stability of short (7 mm length) dental implants with an electrowetted hydrophilic surface that were in function from 1 to 7 years.
A retrospective chart review identified and evaluated 86 consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants (ProActive, Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, England) in 75 pat...
Fig. 1. The clinical images of patient 4, with implant-supported single crowns in regions 26 and 27. No signs of a peri-implant infection, mucositis, peri-implantitis, or marginal bone loss were detected. a Occlusal view. b Left-side view. c Orthopantogram. d Close-up radiographic view
Fig. 1. The clinical images of patient 4, with implant-supported single crowns in regions 26 and 27. No sign...
Lorenz, J., Blume, M., Korzinskas, T. et al. Short implants in the posterior maxilla to avoid sinus augmentation procedure: 5-year results from a retrospective cohort study.
Int J Implant Dent 5, 3 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0155-1
Download citation
Received: 19 September 2018
Accepted: 20 December 2018
Published: 22 January 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The study was approved by the ethics commission of the medical department of Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main, Germany (79/18). All participating patients gave informed written consent to participate in the retrospective study and for publication of the obtained data.
All participating patients gave informed written consent to participate in the retrospective study and for publication of th...
Correspondence to
Jonas Lorenz.
FORM-Lab, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial, and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Jonas Lorenz, Shahram Ghanaati & Robert A. Sader
Private Dental Practice, Mainz, Germany
Maximilian Blume
Private Practice, Bokštų 9, LT-92125, Klaipeda, Lithuania
Tadas Korzinskas
You can also search for this author in
...
Not applicable
This study was supported by a grant from the Camlog Foundation.
The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Lorenz J, Lerner H, Sader R, Ghanaati S. Investigation of peri-implant tissue conditions and peri-implant tissue stability in implants placed with simultaneous augmentation procedure: a 3-year retrospective follow-up analysis of a newly developed bone level implant system. Int J of Impl Dent. 2017;5(1):41.
Del Fabbro M, Rosano G, Taschieri S. Implant survival rates after maxillary sinus augmentat...
Lorenz J, Barbeck M, Kirkpatrick CJ, Sader R, Lerner H, Ghanaati S. Injectable bone substitute material on the basis of β-TCP and hyaluronan achieves complete bone regeneration while undergoing nearly complete degradation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2018;33(3):636–44.
Lorenz J, Kubesch A, Korzinskas T, Barbeck M, Landes C, Sader R, Kirkpatrick CJ, Ghanaati S. TRAP-positive multinucleated ...
Absent
Present
Bleeding on probing
Disto-buccal
Disto-oral
Female
Fixed prosthetics
Male
Mesio-buccal
Marginal bone loss
Mesio-oral
Probing pocket depth
Removable prosthetics
The present retrospective study analyzed the clinical and radiological performance of dental implants of 7-mm length in the posterior maxilla used to avoid sinus augmentation procedures. After a mean period of loading of 5 years, a survival rate of 100% and an absence of peri-implant infections were detected, which leads to the conclusion that “short implants” are a reliable treatment option...
In a systematic review, Lemos et al. compared short implants with a length of 8 mm or less to standard implants (larger than 8 mm) placed in posterior regions of the maxilla and mandible. The authors reviewed 13 studies with a total of 1269 patients who had received a total of 2631 dental implants. Short implants showed marginal bone loss, prosthetic failures, and complication rates similar to...
In the present retrospective study, dental implants of reduced length (7 mm) that were placed in the posterior maxilla to avoid sinus augmentation procedure were clinically and radiologically followed up after a mean loading period of 5 years. The clinical and radiological results demonstrate successful midterm results regarding implant survival and peri-implant hard and soft tissue health. Lo...
To analyze peri-implant bone loss over the study period of 5 years, digitally recorded perpendicular single-tooth images recorded immediately after implant placement and at the follow-up investigation were compared.
A mean total peri-implant marginal bone loss of 0.5 mm, ranging from 0 to 1.5 mm, was shown. Sub-analysis indicated mesial peri-implant bone loss of 0.4 mm and distal peri-impl...
After patient screening was performed, 30 implants in the premolar and molar regions of the upper jaw in 14 patients met the inclusion criteria and were clinically and radiologically followed up according to the study protocol. The aim of the follow-up investigation was to analyze whether implants of 7-mm length are suitable for prosthetic rehabilitation in the atrophic maxilla to avoid a sinus au...
Implant being in situ and suitable for prosthetic rehabilitation
Buccal width and thickness of peri-implant keratinized gingiva
Probing depth (at 4 sites per implant)
BoP (per implant)
Peri-implant bone loss
Presence of peri-implant osteolysis
After a mean loading period of 5 years (range 2–7 years), the implants were clinically and radiologically analyzed to determine the overall implant success, mean survival and suitability for prosthetic rehabilitation, peri-implant hard and soft tissue health, and patient acceptance. Furthermore, peri-implant hard and soft tissue indices, such as bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket dept...
In the present retrospective study, 14 patients (5 females and 9 males) with a mean age of 63 years (34–80 years) received Conelog® Screw-line implants (Camlog Biotechnologies, Basle, Suisse) with a length of 7 mm. In total, 30 implants were clinically and radiologically investigated after a mean loading period of 5 years (range 2–7 years).
All patients from the Department for Oral...
In the present retrospective study, implants of 7-mm length and a specific implant design, including a conical implant-abutment connection and platform switching, placed in the posterior maxilla were investigated by means of a clinical and radiological analysis after a mean loading period of 5 years. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a reduced implant length has any impact on implant s...
In the past few decades, technical developments of dental implants in combination with continuous development of surgical techniques and biomaterials have led to an expansion of the indications for implant-retained prosthetics. Prevention of atrophy after tooth extraction by socket or ridge preservation or reconstruction of the alveolar crest in cases of atrophy by augmentation with autologous bon...
Short implants present a promising approach for patients with advanced atrophy to avoid augmentative procedures. However, concerns about increased biological and technical complications due to an unfavorable implant-crown ratio are still present.
The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate whether a reduced implant length has any impact on implant success and peri-implant hard and ...
Type III tests of fixed effects
Num
Den
Effect
DF
DF
F value
P
Surface
1
11
0.84
0.3787
Length
7
11
0.97
0.4951
Location
1
11
0.00
0.9868
Q
P
2.7008
0.7460
I 2
ci−
ci+
0.00 %
0.00 %
74.62 %
τ 2
ci−
ci+
0.0000
0.0000
0.0069
Authors
Number
Success
ci−
ci+
Weight (%)
Polizzi et al.
38
0.921
0.810
0.990
12.71
Friberg et al.
13
1.000
0.872
1.000
4.46
Tawil and Younan
109
0.945
0.893
0.981
36.14
Khayat et al.
111
0.946
0.895
0.982
36.80
Deporter et al.
14
1.000
0.881
1.000
4.79
Schincaglia et al.
15
1.000
0.888
1.000
5.12
300
0.963
0.9...
Study
Implant surface
Implant type
No. of implants in maxilla (no. failed)
No. of implants in mandible (no. failed)
% survived in maxilla
% survived in mandible
Khayat et al. 2001
Acid-etched, uncoated
Zimmer (Screw vent, Paragon)
49 (2)
62 (4)
95.9
93.5
Deporter et al. 2001
Sintered porous
Endopore (Innova Corp)
0
14 (0)
–
100
Schincaglia et al. 2008
...
Study
Implant surface
Implant type
Implant length
No. of implants
No. failed
% survived
Polizzi et al. 2000
Machined
Brånemark (Nobel Biocare)
7
2
0
100
8.5
8
1
87.5
10
15
1
93.3
11.5
13
1
92.3
Friberg et al. 2000
Machined
Brånemark (Nobel Biocare)
6
13
0
100
Tawil and Younan 2003
Machined
Brånemark (Nobel Biocare)
6
16
0
...
Study
Implant surface
Implant type
Implant length
No. of implants
No. failed
% survived
Khayat et al. 2001
Acid-etched, uncoated
Zimmer (Screw vent, Paragon)
8
29
2
93.1
10
45
4
91.1
13
28
0
100
16
15
0
100
Deporter et al. 2001
Sintered porous
Endopore (Innova Corp)
7
14
0
100
Schincaglia et al. 2008
Ti-unite
Mark III WP (Nobel B...
Implant diameter (mm)
Implant lengths
No. of implants (total)
Implant type
Implant surface
Prospective clinical study
Placement follow-up/mean (range)
Implant survival (%)
Age range (years)
4.7
8, 10, 13, 16
117
Zimmer (Screw vent, Paragon)
Acid-etched, uncoated
Khayat et al. 2001
Healing 3–6 months plus 17 months loading (11–21 months)
95
–
5.0
7
14
...
Figure 3. Funnel plot
Figure 3. Funnel plot
Figure 1. Study selection for wide-diameter implant articles
Conclusions
This meta-analysis concluded that the location, length, and surface treatment of the wide-diameter implant do not significantly affect its survival. It is therefore suggested with caution that when the conditions of the implant site corresponds to the inclusion criteria used in our meta-analysis, choosing a wide implant in the posterior mandible or maxilla, where implant length may ...
This suggests that the implant surface characteristics may have an impact on implant survival rate based on the implant diameter, and as the diameter of the implant is increased, as in the wide-diameter implant, this impact mConversely, Maló and Araújo Nobre reported significantly more failures for machined compared to surface-treated narrow (3.3-mm diameter) implants.ay not be stati...
The present meta-analysis was limited to prospective clinical studies and utilized a rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies included in the analysis were limited to cases in which implants placed in sites with adequate bone volume without grafting. Implants were placed in healed sites and loaded after at least 1–3 months of healing. All studies had at least 1-year follow-up. Pa...
Results
Of the six studies selected, three evaluated surface-treated implants and three machined implants (Table 1). The included studies all used similar criteria for implant survival, which was defined as the absence of mobility, pain, and radiolucent lesions. The implant survival was based on the percentage of implants evaluated, and the implant lengths in the studies range from 6 to 16 mm (Ta...
Screening and selection
Two reviewers participated in selection of studies (MT and MP). At the initial phase of selection, abstracts and titles of articles were screened by one reviewer (MT) to exclude articles that clearly were not related to wide-diameter dental implants. The previously described inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied when including articles for full-text screening. When...
Materials and methods
Focused question
Does length of the wide-diameter implant influence its survival?
Does the surface modification influence its survival compared to machined implant surfaces?
Does the implant placement in the maxilla or the mandible influence its survival?
Literature search and study design
The database on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Cont...
Review
Introduction
Endosseous implants were used reliably in the treatment of various degrees of edentulism. In restoring the edentulous ridge, the clinician could be faced with difficult bony situations. The wide-diameter implant could be used in these situations to improve primary stability by increasing the surface area available for osteointegration. Biomechanically, the wide-diameter imp...
A meta-analysis on the effect of implant characteristics on the survival of the wide-diameter implant
Abstract
The purposes of the study are to study the implant survival of the wide-diameter implant and to analyze if the length, the implant surface, or the placement location has any effect on its survival. Electronic databases were searched from inception to Dec 2014. Studies included in the ...
Figure 5 a Postoperative orthopantomogram. b Follow-up orthopantomogram. c Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i42 and i44). d Follow-up standard periapical radiogram (implants i32 and i34)
Figure 4 a–h Prosthetic restauration—follow-up examination. Intraoral and perioral views of a rehabilitated female patient. (She asked explicitly only for implantological treatment in the mandible.)
Figure 3. a Primary implant stability. The histogram visualises the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) for both jaws measured by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden). b Secondary implant stability. The histogram shows the distribution of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) of osseointegrated implants. According to the measurement implant stabil...
Figure 2. Cumulative implant survival over the follow-up period. The Kaplan-Meyer diagram visualises the analysis of implant survival in the maxilla and in the mandible (log rank test, p = 0.173) over the follow-up period up to 37 months (Table 4)
Figure 1. a Closed short expandable dental implant (4.1 × 7 mm). The implant-abutment connection is characterised by an internal hexagon for rotation stability, combining the advantages of conical and parallel surfaces to reduce microgaps and micromovement. The microthread concept and platform switching concept are implemented in the implant shoulder to reduce periimplant bone strain. b...
Patient
Sex
Age (years)
Implant position (FDI)
Indication categorya
Bone quality
Prosthetic treatment
Follow-up (months)
Implant failure
1. T. I.
F
80
Maxilla 15, 13, 11, 21, 25 (Σ = 5)
IIa
D4
Telescope
37
n = 1c
2. G. S.
F
65
Mandible 34, 32, 42, 44 (Σ = 4)
IIIb
D1
Ball attachment
34
None
3. S. Sa.
F
64
Maxilla 14, 12, 22, 24 (Σ = 4)
...
Type of prosthetic treatment
Session
Procedure
Fixed denture (bridge)
1
Open impression
2
Abutment check, set-up • Titanium abutments • Non-precious metal framework, completely lined • Neighbouring crowns interlocked
3
Check and insertion of the suprastructure • Cementation (ImProv™, Dentegris, Duisburg, Germany)
Combined fixed-removable dentur...
Surgical protocol
Bone quality
D1
D2
D3
D4
1. Drilling sequence (splint)
Last drill
Last drill
Second to last drill
Second to last drill
2. Condensing preparation
–
–
(Analogue to last drill)
Analogue to last drill
3. Implant insertion (maximum torque ≤ 40 N cm)
4. Expansion (maximum torque ≤ 40 N cm)
5. Evaluation of primary ...
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
1. Adult patients, male and female
1. Comorbidity ASA category ≥ III
2. Partially/totally edentulous patients
2. Pregnancy, bruxism
3. Alveolar process atrophy Cawood et Howell category ≥ IV
3. Smoking ≥ 10 cigarettes/day
4. Minimum vertical bone height of 7–9 mm for placement of short implants (5–7-mm length)...
Based on an earlier animal histologic study, as well as a clinical up-to-40-month study, which referred to comparable apically expandable implants, authors did not report any periapical inflammatory complications. To eliminate the potential risk of deep intrabony microleakage, it is questionable whether equal biomechanical stability values can be achieved only by the macroth...
In relation to the results by McCullough and Klokkevold, who found that the macrothread design appears to play a positive role in implant stability in the early healing period, this can also be assumed for the employed implant system.
Additionally, with regard to the results by Marković and co-authors, a critical stability drop down due to bone remodeling after bone condensing (impla...
The expansion procedure presents an additional bicortical anchorage in the oro-vestibular direction. In hard bone, this might be a disadvantage and lead to asymmetrical expansion. Manufacturers’ recommendations for hard bone should be strongly considered.
Regarding resonance frequency analysis, the values are related to bone quality and quantity as well as the exposed impl...
Several investigators analysed the preferred indications of short dental implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla and outlined the cost efficiency compared to additional vertical augmentations. In the present trial, we used a new short implant in both jaws and nearly all possible indication categories were represented, which proves the broad versatility (Table 4).
In our study, two imp...
Discussion
Recent literature has shown that short implants have achieved growing acceptance in the field of oral implantology. Since the last years, concern has decreased about the length of endosseous implants; it should be noted that all extraoral screw implants are short implants. Nevertheless, there are local physiological and biomechanical differences regarding long-term stability.
Th...
Results
The first results of this longitudinal study include data from 9 patients with an average age of 57 years (range from 44 to 80) in whom 30 implants were inserted (maxilla n = 15, mandible n = 15). All 30 implants in the 9 patients could be inserted without intraoperative problems. Based on intraoperative and radiological findings, the bone quality was assessed...
Surgical and prosthetic protocol
Planning of the implantological treatment followed usual clinical and radiological examination and, concerning the position and number of implants, the recommended categories from the German consensus conference. The drilling sequence, condensing preparation (where necessary) and manual implant insertion as well as expansion are described in detail...
Material and methods
Study population and measures
The study was designed as a prospective monocentric longitudinal cohort study according to the STROBE criteria. The participants of this study were recruited at the university hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, implantological consultation from 2014 (June...
... the diameter of an implant has greater influence on primary stability than implant length.
Based on in vitro analysis, they concluded additionally that especially in patients with poor bone quality, a variation of implant dimensions is expected to lead to a significant increase of primary stability. Furthermore, stress distribution on short implants is affected by the bone-to-...
Introduction
Endosseous implants have been established over several decades. The evaluation of treatment results under biomechanical, physiological, psychological, social and economic aspects has been well documented. Furthermore, patient-based outcomes reveal a predictable gain in oral health-related quality of life.
Especially in patients with limited vertical bone height, process of treatme...
Novel expandable short dental implants in situations with reduced vertical bone height—technical note and first results
Abstract
Purpose
Short implants often have the disadvantage of reduced primary stability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new expandable short dental implant system intended to increase primary stability.
Methods
As a “pr...
The present report showed that short implants may achieve optimal clinical and radiographic outcomes at the 1-year follow-up when used for single restoration or when connected with other implants in substituting for more than one tooth. There was no difference in outcomes between mandibular and maxillary restorations even though a higher quantity of bone volume was required in mandibular restora...
Weton
Sebaran panjang dan diameter implant ditampilkan dalam Tabel 1. Tabel 2 merinkes posisi implant dan ciri prostetik. Rerata tinggi tulang sisa adalah 6.21 ± 1.05 mm di rahang atas dan 10.73 ± 1.63 mm di rahang bawah. Perbedaan di antara 2 rahang itu signifikan (P < 0.05). Tidak ada komplikasi bedah atau pasca bedah yang dilaporkan.
Tabel 2. Posisi implant dan ciri prostetik; implant ante...
Implant length and diameter distribution are shown in Table 1. Table 2 summarizes implant positions and prosthetic characteristics. Mean residual bone height was 6.21 ± 1.05 mm in the upper jaw and 10.73 ± 1.63 mm in the mandible, and it was significantly different between the 2 jaws (P < .05). No surgical or postsurgical complications were reported.
Table 2. Implant positions and prostheti...
In this ad interim report, 1-year data regarding bone resorption were assessed. Implant survival and success rates were evaluated by comparing maxillary and mandibular implants, splinted and single implants, and implants of different lengths. A Student t test was used to compare bone resorption between mandibular and maxillary implants and splinted and single implants. Analysis of variance was u...
Clinical evaluation was performed every 6 months for the first 2 years then yearly. Survival and success rates were evaluated and recorded, following the definitions and parameters described elsewhere. Any surgical, prosthetic, or clinical complication was recorded. Prosthetic success was evaluated as follows: prosthesis in function, without mobility and pain, even if in the face of the loss of o...
Antibiotic prophylaxis with amoxicillin 2 g was administered to all patients 1 hour before surgery in all patients. All implants were placed in healed sites and the bone socket was prepared using a standard atraumatic technique with a sequence of drills of increasing diameter at the decided length. The implant site was always underprepared, taking in consideration the bone density. All implants ...
This prospective single-cohort study was designed and conducted following the principles of the World Medical Association Helsinki Declaration of 1975 for biomedical research involving human subjects, as revised in 2000. Ethical approval for the study was obtained by the review board of the IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi. All patients were informed about the study aims and design and gave w...
Introduction
Implant rehabilitation in the posterior regions of the maxilla and mandible can be complicated in cases of reduced bone volume due to bone resorption after teeth extraction or to particular anatomic conditions. In fact, reduced bone height can prevent long implants (>10 mm long) from being placed because of the risk of involving anatomic structures, such as ...
Short Implants in Maxillary and Mandibular Rehabilitations: Interim Results (6 to 42 Months) of a Prospective Study
J Oral Implantol (2015) 41 (1): 50–55.
https://doi.org/10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-12-00206
The aim of this single-cohort study was to evaluate clinical survival and success of partial rehabilitation supported by reduced-length implants in maxilla and ...