The majority of the included studies revealed a high risk of bias, and conclusions from studies that have a high risk of bias are sufficient to affect interpretation of data [16,17,18]. Publication and selection bias is apparent in several included studies, as the negative effects of NSAIDs on osseointegration can be expected in the studies that administered NSAID at a high concentration and/or for a prolonged period of time. The conclusions of this systematic review were largely based on animal studies, as there are very few published in vitro and clinical studies relating to the effect of NSAIDs on osseointegration. The effects of NSAIDs on osseointegration in animals cannot be translated to humans due to the vastly different pharmacokinetics.