This review started with a PubMed search from 1975 to 2009. The search was conducted using the following key words: zirconia or zirconium dioxide, dental, and implant. The full text of articles was obtained where possible. If it was not possible to obtain a full text, the electronically available abstracts were collected. Thus, the inclusion criteria for articles were as follows:

1. Articles were related to zirconia dental implants
2. Abstracts were obtained when the full texts could not be obtained. Articles about zirconia implants for orthopedic usage were excluded from the review.