Table 2. Factors associated with periodontal disease
Table 2. Factors associated with periodontal disease
author: Wonjeong Jeong, DongWoo Choi, Yun Kyung Kim, Hyeon Ji Lee, Sang Ah Lee, EunCheol Park, SungIn Jang | publisher: drg. Andreas Tjandra, Sp. Perio, FISID
Male
Female
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease
Variables
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Cigarette usage
Electronic cigarette
2.34
(1.52–3.59)
2.27
(0.89–5.80)
Conventional cigarette
2.17
(1.76–2.68)
1.73
(1.32–2.27)
Ex‐use
1.28
(1.05–1.56)
1.00
(0.74–1.34)
Non‐use
1.00
1.00
Age (years)
19–29
0.06
(0.04–0.09)
0.09
(0.06–0.16)
30–39
0.21
(0.15–0.28)
0.28
(0.20–0.39)
40–49
0.58
(0.46–0.74)
0.52
(0.41–0.66)
50–59
1.06
(0.86–1.30)
0.87
(0.73–1.03)
≥60
1.00
1.00
Educational level
Middle school or less
1.30
(1.04–1.64)
1.42
(1.09–1.84)
High school
1.37
(1.14–1.64)
1.18
(0.96–1.45)
College and beyond
1.00
1.00
Marital status
Married
1.05
(0.78–1.42)
1.52
(1.05–2.20)
Separated or divorced
1.06
(0.71–1.60)
1.55
(1.03–2.32)
Unmarried
1.00
1.00
Region
Urban
0.74
(0.62–0.89)
0.70
(0.59–0.84)
Rural
1.00
1.00
Household income level
Low
1.06
(0.81–1.39)
1.45
(1.15–1.83)
Lower middle
1.05
(0.83–1.32)
1.31
(1.08–1.59)
Upper middle
0.99
(0.81–1.22)
1.06
(0.87–1.28)
High
1.00
1.00
Alcohol status
Never
1.05
(0.73–1.50)
1.21
(1.03–1.42)
Ever
1.00
1.00
Occupational classification
White‐collar
1.09
(0.84–1.42)
1.10
(0.89–1.37)
Blue‐collar
1.01
(0.82–1.26)
1.11
(0.92–1.33)
Pink‐collar
0.96
(0.73–1.26)
1.17
(0.97–1.41)
None
1.00
1.00
Number of days walking per week
None
1.04
(0.83–1.29)
0.99
(0.81–1.20)
1–2
1.12
(0.89–1.40)
1.14
(0.94–1.38)
3–4
1.09
(0.88–1.35)
1.18
(0.98–1.42)
5–6
1.05
(0.83–1.33)
1.08
(0.88–1.32)
Everyday
1.00
1.00
Self‐reported health status
High
0.89
(0.69–1.15)
1.11
(0.90–1.38)
Middle
0.99
(0.79–1.23)
(0.95–1.33)
Low
1.00
1.00
Stress level
High
0.65
(0.51–0.83)
0.75
(0.61–0.92)
Middle
0.84
(0.69–1.01)
0.88
(0.74–1.05)
Low
1.00
1.00
Self‐reported oral health status
High
0.51
(0.41–0.63)
0.58
(0.47–0.71)
Middle
0.60
(0.51–0.70)
0.67
(0.57–0.78)
Low
1.00
1.00
Dental caries
Yes
1.26
(1.07–1.48)
1.38
(1.18–1.61)
No
1.00
1.00
Toothache within the past year
Yes
1.37
(1.19–1.58)
1.15
(1.01–1.32)
No
1.00
1.00
Experienced dental damage
Yes
1.14
(0.95–1.36)
1.02
(0.81–1.27)
No
1.00
1.00
Year
2013
0.95
(0.75–1.19)
0.76
(0.60–0.96)
2014
1.05
(0.83–1.33)
0.84
(0.67–1.05)
2015
1.00
1.00
Serial posts:
-
Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease
-
Introduction : Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease
-
Material & method : Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease
-
Results : Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease
-
Table 1. General characteristics of study population
-
Table 2. Factors associated with periodontal disease
-
Table 3. Subgroup analysis of associations between cigarette usage and periodontal disease stratified by covariates
-
Discussion : Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease
| Male | Female | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periodontal disease | Periodontal disease | |||
| Variables | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI |
| Cigarette usage | ||||
| Electronic cigarette | 2.34 | (1.52–3.59) | 2.27 | (0.89–5.80) |
| Conventional cigarette | 2.17 | (1.76–2.68) | 1.73 | (1.32–2.27) |
| Ex‐use | 1.28 | (1.05–1.56) | 1.00 | (0.74–1.34) |
| Non‐use | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 19–29 | 0.06 | (0.04–0.09) | 0.09 | (0.06–0.16) |
| 30–39 | 0.21 | (0.15–0.28) | 0.28 | (0.20–0.39) |
| 40–49 | 0.58 | (0.46–0.74) | 0.52 | (0.41–0.66) |
| 50–59 | 1.06 | (0.86–1.30) | 0.87 | (0.73–1.03) |
| ≥60 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Educational level | ||||
| Middle school or less | 1.30 | (1.04–1.64) | 1.42 | (1.09–1.84) |
| High school | 1.37 | (1.14–1.64) | 1.18 | (0.96–1.45) |
| College and beyond | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1.05 | (0.78–1.42) | 1.52 | (1.05–2.20) |
| Separated or divorced | 1.06 | (0.71–1.60) | 1.55 | (1.03–2.32) |
| Unmarried | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Region | ||||
| Urban | 0.74 | (0.62–0.89) | 0.70 | (0.59–0.84) |
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Household income level | ||||
| Low | 1.06 | (0.81–1.39) | 1.45 | (1.15–1.83) |
| Lower middle | 1.05 | (0.83–1.32) | 1.31 | (1.08–1.59) |
| Upper middle | 0.99 | (0.81–1.22) | 1.06 | (0.87–1.28) |
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Alcohol status | ||||
| Never | 1.05 | (0.73–1.50) | 1.21 | (1.03–1.42) |
| Ever | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Occupational classification | ||||
| White‐collar | 1.09 | (0.84–1.42) | 1.10 | (0.89–1.37) |
| Blue‐collar | 1.01 | (0.82–1.26) | 1.11 | (0.92–1.33) |
| Pink‐collar | 0.96 | (0.73–1.26) | 1.17 | (0.97–1.41) |
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Number of days walking per week | ||||
| None | 1.04 | (0.83–1.29) | 0.99 | (0.81–1.20) |
| 1–2 | 1.12 | (0.89–1.40) | 1.14 | (0.94–1.38) |
| 3–4 | 1.09 | (0.88–1.35) | 1.18 | (0.98–1.42) |
| 5–6 | 1.05 | (0.83–1.33) | 1.08 | (0.88–1.32) |
| Everyday | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Self‐reported health status | ||||
| High | 0.89 | (0.69–1.15) | 1.11 | (0.90–1.38) |
| Middle | 0.99 | (0.79–1.23) | (0.95–1.33) | |
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Stress level | ||||
| High | 0.65 | (0.51–0.83) | 0.75 | (0.61–0.92) |
| Middle | 0.84 | (0.69–1.01) | 0.88 | (0.74–1.05) |
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Self‐reported oral health status | ||||
| High | 0.51 | (0.41–0.63) | 0.58 | (0.47–0.71) |
| Middle | 0.60 | (0.51–0.70) | 0.67 | (0.57–0.78) |
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Dental caries | ||||
| Yes | 1.26 | (1.07–1.48) | 1.38 | (1.18–1.61) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Toothache within the past year | ||||
| Yes | 1.37 | (1.19–1.58) | 1.15 | (1.01–1.32) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Experienced dental damage | ||||
| Yes | 1.14 | (0.95–1.36) | 1.02 | (0.81–1.27) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Year | ||||
| 2013 | 0.95 | (0.75–1.19) | 0.76 | (0.60–0.96) |
| 2014 | 1.05 | (0.83–1.33) | 0.84 | (0.67–1.05) |
| 2015 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
- Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease
- Introduction : Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease
- Material & method : Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease
- Results : Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease
- Table 1. General characteristics of study population
- Table 2. Factors associated with periodontal disease
- Table 3. Subgroup analysis of associations between cigarette usage and periodontal disease stratified by covariates
- Discussion : Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodontal disease