DISCUSSION
The WHO consistently reports on the severity of health issues caused by smoking, and emphasizes the importance of quitting. The worsening oral health of cigarette users, represented by increases in various diseases, is especially concerning. The American Academy of Periodontology has stated that smoking is one of the risk factors that may affect treatment and therapeutic outcomes for p...
Non‐use
Electronic cigarette
Conventional cigarette
Ex‐use
Adjusted OR
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Male
Self‐reported oral health status
High
1.00
3.84
(1.15–12.75)
1.47
(0.80–2.73)
0.83
(0.48–1.44)
Middle
1.00
1.95
(0.88–4.35)
2.04
(1.42–2.92)
1.22
(0.87–1.70)
Low
1.00
2.49
(1....
Male
Female
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease
Variables
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Cigarette usage
Electronic cigarette
2.34
(1.52–3.59)
2.27
(0.89–5.80)
Conventional cigarette
2.17
(1.76–2.68)
1.73
(1.32–2.27)
Ex‐use
1.28
(1.05–1.56)
1.00
(0.74–1.34)
Non‐use
1.00
1.00
Age (years)...
Male (n = 5,715)
Female (n = 7,836)
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease
Total (N = 13,551)
Yes
No
Yes
No
Variables
n
(%)
P value
n
(%)
n
(%)
P value
n
(%)
n
(%)
P value
Cigarette usage
RESULTS
Table 1 presents the general characteristics of the study population. Included is the presence or absence of periodontal disease according to sex. Among the participants (5,715 men and 7,836 women), 2,206 men (38.6%) and 2,054 women (26.2%) exhibited periodontal disease. The relationship between vaping or smoking each cigarette and periodontal disease was statistically significant. Add...
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Participants
Data for this study was taken from a sample of the 2013–2015 KNHANES, an investigation into the health of the public, the status of chronic diseases, and the status of food/nutrition. The survey was conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). KNHANES includes secondary data which are processed to be anonymous.
The total nu...
The World Health Organization (WHO) cites tobacco‐related death and illness as drivers of poverty, as they force individuals to bear high medical expenses. Furthermore, tobacco contains over 7000 toxic chemicals including several known to be human carcinogens. Given this, tobacco smoking is associated with numerous preventable chronic diseases. In addition to the well‐known tobacco‐related l...
Associations of electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease in South Korean adults
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to examine the association of conventional cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping with periodontal disease in South Korean adults.
Methods
For this study, data from 13,551 participants, a subset deriv...