Sleeve length
Clearance
Total length
Offset
Error at the apex
− 0.1854
0.0037
0.0453
Error at the neck
− 0.1041
0.0018
0.0461
Table 4 Error at the neck (mm)
Sleeve length (mm)
Clearance (μm)
Offset (mm)
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
4
50
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
80
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
110
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
140
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4...
Table 3 Error at the apex (mm) and deviation of implant axis (degrees) for sleeve lengths 6 and 7 mm
Sleeve length (mm)
Clearance (μm)
Deviation (°)
Total length (mm)
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
6
50
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
80
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3...
Table 2 Error at the apex (mm) and deviation of implant axis (°) for sleeve lengths 4 and 5 mm
Sleeve length (mm)
Clearance (μm)
Deviation (degrees)
Total length (mm)
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
4.00
50.00
0.72
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
80.00
1.15
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3...
Table 1 Range of various maximum permissible errors as calculated in the present study
Axis deviation (°)
Error at the neck (mm)
Error at the apex (mm)
Vertical error at the apex (mm)
Min
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.0
Max
5.9
1.5
2.8
0.1
Figure 2. The various errors in implant positioning
Figure 1. The parameters used for the calculation of the various errors and the deviation of implant axis
Figure 1. The parameters used for the calculation of the various errors and the deviation of implant axis
Abbreviations
3d:
Three dimensional
CAD:
Computer-aided design
CAM:
Computer-aided manufacturing
CBCT:
Cone beam computed tomography
CI:
Confidence interval
CT:
Computed tomography
Dicom:
Digital imaging and communications in medicine
FDM:
Fused deposition modelling
GIS:
Guided implant surgery
SLA:
Stereolithography apparatus
STL...
Discussion
The purpose of a computer designed and computer manufactured (CAD/CAM) surgical guide is to provide the means for an accurate and reliable transfer of the computer-realised virtual treatment plan to the actual surgical field. The availability of the CBCT imaging modality should have led to an explosion of the usage of these guides, since they have been shown to be...
Results
The range of the various maximum permissible errors due to the metal sleeve/osteotomy drill combination is presented in Table 1.
Concerning the error at the apex, two reference tables were reported (Tables 2 and 3). In these tables, the deviation of the implant axis was also tabulated. A separate table (Table 4) tabulated the error at the neck.
Multiple regression ...
Based on the geometric analysis of the problem in hand, an algorithm was developed and implemented in C programming language. The purpose of this program was to readily and accurately compute the following maximum positioning errors, permissible by the different sleeve/drill/guide properties (Fig. 2):
1. Deviation of the implant axis in degrees,
2. Error at the neck in mm,
2. Er...
Methods
For the estimation of the errors in implant positioning due to the properties of the metal sleeve/osteotomy drill combination, four parameters are necessary: (1) sleeve length, (2) clearance (space between the bur and the sleeve), (3) implant length, and (4) offset (distance of the lip of the metal sleeve to the neck of the implant) (Figs. 1 and 2).
Definitions
Basic...
Background
Computer-aided designed and computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) implant surgical guides are long recommended to reliably transfer a virtual treatment plan to the surgical field. The 3d-printed guide stands a basic part of a process commonly referred to as guided implant surgery (GIS). The outcome of this process has been shown to be relatively accurate, even when th...
CAD/CAM implant surgical guides: maximum errors in implant positioning attributable to the properties of the metal sleeve/osteotomy drill combination
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to provide the relevant equations and the reference tables needed for calculating the maximum errors in implant positioning attributed to the properties of the mechanical parts of any CAD/CAM ...