The authors thank Ms. Victoria Zakrzewski for her help with the figure generation and preparation.

Co-primary author BM contributed to the CBCT measurement and preparation of the manuscript. Co-primary author G-HL contributed to the data analysis and preparation of the manuscript. Second author AO contributed to the protocol preparation, case review, case selection, and preparation of the manuscript. Third author SB contributed to the protocol preparation, case review, case selection, and preparation of the manuscript. Fourth author ST contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. Fifth author EB contributed to the data analysis and CBCT evaluation. Corresponding author YK contributed to the protocol preparation, preparation of the manuscript, and guidance of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

All authors Bartosz Maska, Guo-Hao Lin, Abdullah Othman, Shabnam Behdin, Suncica Travan, Erika Benavides, and Yvonne Kapila declare that they have no competing interests.

IRB approval and direction was provided by Dr. Michael Geisser and Dr. Alan Sugar, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.