Results : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
Twenty-nine CBCT images (11 females and 18 males) were included in this study. All the implants placed in these included cases survived, representing a 100% implant survival rate. With regards to measurements of mucosal thickening, the intra-examiner reproducibility revealed an exact intra-examiner correlation of 99%, with a p value of 0.40 for a t test for independent samples, indicating a high reproducibility and intra-examiner agreement for the radiographic measurements. The study data for the 29 analyzed CBCT scans are presented in Table 1. The mean follow-up time after implant placement was 3.3 ± 2.2 (range 1 to 7) years.
Among the subjects, 93.1% of patients had maxillary sinus mucosal/tissue thickening. Specifically, 6.9% of cases exhibited no thickening (≤1 mm), 6.9% had minimal thickening (>1 mm but ≤2 mm), 20.7% of cases had moderate thickening (>2 mm but ≤5 mm), and 65.5% had severe thickening (>5 mm). However, only 45.9% of designated implant sites presented sinus mucosal thickening. The average amount of mucosal thickening in the anterior section (point E1 to floor of the sinus) was 4.63 ± 4.95 mm, in the middle section (point C1 to floor of the sinus) it was 4.87 ± 5.10 mm, and in the posterior section (point D1 to floor of the sinus) it was 3.46 ± 3.17 mm. The average mucosal thickening (point F to floor of the sinus) was 8.34 ± 5.70 mm, and it ranged from 1.55 to 22.81 mm.
A significantly higher amount of mucosal thickening was associated with patients with a history of periodontal diseases (p = 0.004). Other factors, such as gender (p = 0.054), and systemic factors, including respiratory diseases (p = 0.313), cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.438), diabetes (p = 0.209), or smoking (p = 0.541), were not significantly associated with mucosal thickening.
In terms of dental history, the presence of tooth restorations (p = 0.056), endodontic treatment (p = 0.379), orthodontic treatment (p = 0.125), edentulism (p = 0.718), and underlying alveolar ridge height (point G to H, p = 0.889) were not associated with mucosal thickening. The results of the statistical analyses after inter-variable adjustment are presented in Table 2.
Serial posts:
- Abstract : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
- Background : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
- Methods : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [1]
- Methods : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [2]
- Methods : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [3]
- Results : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
- Discussion : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [1]
- Discussion : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [2]
- Discussion : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [3]
- Conclusions : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
- Abbreviations : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
- References : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [1]
- References : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [2]
- References : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [3]
- References : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [4]
- Acknowledgements : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
- Author information : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [1]
- Author information : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening [2]
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- About this article : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
- Table 1 CBCT measurements of sinus mucosal thickening : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
- Table 2 Statistical results after inter-variable adjustment showing the association between recorded parameters and sinus mucosal thickening; p values that showed statistically significant differences are italicized : Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
- Fig. 1. Figure illustrating the reference points of the CBCT measurements. A: most posterior point of the sinus wall; B: most anterior point of the sinus wall; C: mid-point between A and B; C1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point C; D: mid-point between A and C; D1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point D; E: mid-point between B and C; E1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point E; F: highest extension of thickened sinus membrane; G–H: height of residual alveolar bone (measured at the mid-point of the edentulous ridge/implant-planned site) : Dental implant
- Fig. 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating minimal thickening; C >2 mm but ≤5 mm, indicating moderate thickening; D >5 mm, indicating severe thickening : Dental implant