Fig. 6. Radiographic examination: The relationship between changes in the maxillary sinus floor associated with a reduction in the grafted bone and the implant tip (a immediately after surgery, b 5Â years after surgery)
Fig. 6. Radiographic examination: The relationship between changes in the maxillary sinus floor associated with a reduction in the grafted bone and the implant tip (a immediat...
Fig. 5. Radiographic examination (long-term changes in bone height surrounding the implant) n = 20 Number of implants. A total of 5 CBCT scans were taken prior to surgery, immediately after surgery, 6 months after surgery, 1–2 years after surgery, and 3–5 years after surgery
Fig. 5. Radiographic examination (long-term changes in bone height surrounding the implant) n = 20 Numbe...
Fig. 4. Clinical findings of the second surgery on biopsy at 6 months. The degree of residual grafting materials varied depending on the patient. a most of the β-TCP remained. b Replacement of the β-TCP by new bone had progressed
Fig. 4. Clinical findings of the second surgery on biopsy at 6Â months. The degree of residual grafting materials varied depending on the patient. a most of the Î...
Fig. 3. Radiographic examination of the height of the bone surrounding the implant (BH): Measurement of changes in the height of the implant tip to the bone fixation part over time in the frontal plane: the distance measured from the intersecting point of the long axis of the implant and the maxillary sinus floor to the implant tip: +maxillary side, −alveolar crest side. The liner valuables: r...
Fig. 2. Radiographic examination of the volume of the bone graft (BV): Calculation of area on the frontal plane prior to and immediately after surgery using polygon tool. The polygon tool is included in the CT device, which was dragged around the perimeter of the target site to measure area. Graft volume calculation method (sum of the area and calculation of volume). Volume cm3 = area cm2 ...
Fig. 1. Treatment protocol for the present study. Postoperative CBCT was performed a minimum of three times, i.e., immediately, 6Â months, and 2.5Â years after implant placement
Fig. 1. Treatment protocol for the present study. Postoperative CBCT was performed a minimum of three times, i.e., immediately, 6Â months, and 2.5Â years after implant placement
Â
Coefficient
Standard error
95Â % CI
P value
Time (months)
−0.087
...
Parameter
Mean (mm)
SD (mm)
RBH
4.48
1.51
...
NoneTable 6 Radiographic examination of BH (changes in bone height surrounding the implant)
BV
Mean
Reduction rate
Immediately after surgery (n = 30)
1206 Â...
CBCT examination (year)
Number of patients
0–1
0
1–2
14
...
Implant site
Number of implants
4
6
5
16
6
24
7
12
Total: 58 implants
Â
Table 3 The number of implants according to site
Observation period (months)
Number of patients
12–18
11
19–24
4
...
Age group (years)
Number of patients
40–49
7
50–59
10
...
Okada, T., Kanai, T., Tachikawa, N. et al. Long-term radiographic assessment of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using beta-tricalcium phosphate: analysis by cone-beam computed tomography.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 8 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0042-6
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Received: 25 November 2015
Accepted: 23 March 2016
Published: 01 April 2016
DOI: https://do...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Tsuneji Okada, Toru Kanai, Noriko Tachikawa, Motohiro Munakata, and Shohei Kasugai declare that they have no competing interests.
TO performed the data acquisition, both of surgical and prosthodontic treatments, the data analysis, statistical analysis, and wrote the manuscript. TK performed the treatment plan, making of pictures, and collecting of references. NT and MM performed the data acquisit...
Clinic for Implant Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
Tsuneji Okada, Toru Kanai & Noriko Tachikawa
Oral Implantology Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry for Function of TMJ and Occlusion, Kanagawa Dental University, 82, Inaokachou, Yokosuka-shi, 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
Motohiro Munakata
Oral Implantology and...
The bone grafting agent, β-TCP (OSferion), was kindly supplied by Olympus Terumo Biomaterials Corp.
Boyne PJ, James RA. Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1980;38:613–6.
Jensen OT, Shulman LB, Block MS, et al. Report of the sinus consensus conference of 1996. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:11–45.
Artzi Z, Weinreb M, Givol N, et al. Biomaterial resorption rate and healing site morphology of inorganic bovine bone and β-tri...
Chanavaz M. Maxillary sinus: anatomy, physiology, surgery, and bone grafting related to implantology: eleven years of surgical experience (1979–1990). J Oral Implantol. 1990;16:199–209.
Misch CE. Maxillary sinus lift and elevation with subantral augmentation. In: Misch CE, editor. Contemporary implant dentistry. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1993. p. 545–74.
Sharan A, Madjar D. Maxillary sinus pne...
Maxillary sinus graft augmentation using β-TCP is clinically effective.
Analysis by CBCT provides superior spatial resolution and allows for extremely accurate postoperative evaluation of maxillary sinus floor augmentation and bone volume measurements.
On the basis of CBCT examinations, although maxillary sinus pneumatization continues to progress ≥1 year after surgery, it stabilizes 3 year...
During the observation period, there was no clinical implant failure and the suvival rate for implantation and maxillary sinus floor augmentation was 100 %. Histological examination in a previous report on maxillary sinus augmentation using β-TCP (Cerasorb®), Szabo et al. compared bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation in the same patients using β-TCP and iliac bone at 6 months after surgery ...
As grafting materials for maxillary sinus floor augmentation, autogenous bone, which is considered as the gold standard and reported first by Boyne et al. using iliac bone graft, has been used as the first-choice material. In terms of osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties, autogenous bone is considered ideal; however, the use of autogenous bone places great physical stress on ...
Change in height of bone surrounding the implant (height from the maxillary sinus floor to the implant tip): Immediately after surgery, all patients had grafted bone between the implant tip and the maxillary sinus floor, with a mean of 2.00 ± 1.51 mm. This height decreased to 0.73 ± 1.33 mm at 6 months after surgery and −0.72 ± 1.11 mm at 2.5 years after surgery (Fig. 5). 41...
The mean age of the 30 patients was 57.4 (40–75) years, and the male/female ratio was 4:26. The mean postoperative observation period was 3 years and 8 months (the maximum period was 5 years and 0 months; the minimum period was 2 years and 2 months). Total of 58 implants were placed at premolar and molar region. There were no dropouts, such as participants not visiting the clinic, during t...
Residual bone height (RBH): existing bone height to the maxillary sinus at the implant site
Implant length (IL): the length of the part of the implant that projects into the maxillary sinus
Width of sinus (SW): the width of the maxillary sinus from lateral wall to medial wall at the height of the center of the IL
In the present study, the radiographic examinations were statistically analyzed fo...
In the present study, we used the superior spatial resolution of CBCT to measure changes over time in (a) the volume of the bone graft (BV) and (b) the height of the bone surrounding the implant (BH).
The method of calculating the volume of the implant site is shown below (Fig. 2).
The slice thickness (voxel value) was resized (0.146 mm → 1 mm) to derive the volume of the grafting agent...
This study is a prospective observational study. The subjects included patients who had undergone maxillary sinus floor augmentation using β-TCP and implant placement at the Clinic for Implant Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University during the 3-year period from January 2009 to December 2011. All patients underwent maxillary sinus floor augmentation at the same time as imp...
Radiographic examinations to determine changes in bone mass in maxillary sinus floor augmentation have been conducted primarily using panoramic radiography [8–12], which allows for the assessment of the height of the maxillary sinus in only two dimensions. In addition, it does not allow for detailed examination or measurement of the interior of the maxillary sinus without factoring in magnificat...
The maxillary sinus gradually expands after birth and becomes fully pneumatized with the eruption of all permanent teeth. Although the physiological cause and maxillary sinus pneumatization are largely unknown, it is believed that genetics, atmospheric pressure, and hormones are involved in it. This sinus is closely related to the root apex of the premolar and molar teeth, and it is either separat...
The long-term stability of maxillary sinus floor augmentation with β-TCP remains largely unknown. We report the long-term assessment of volumetric changes in maxillary sinus floor augmentation with β-TCP by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
The subjects included 30 patients who underwent maxillary sinus floor augmentation using β-TCP and 58 implant placement for unilateral maxillary defect...
Fig. 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating minimal thickening; C >2 mm but ≤5 mm, indicating moderate thickening; D >5 mm, indicating severe thickening
Fig. 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating min...
Fig. 1. Figure illustrating the reference points of the CBCT measurements. A: most posterior point of the sinus wall; B: most anterior point of the sinus wall; C: mid-point between A and B; C1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point C; D: mid-point between A and C; D1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point D; E: mid-point between B...
Â
Gender
Respiratory diseases
Cardio-vascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking
Hist...
Patient
Anterior
(E1-floor of the sinus)
Middle
(C1-floor of the sinus)
Posterior
(D1-floor of the sinus)
...
Maska, B., Lin, GH., Othman, A. et al. Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0064-8
Download citation
Received: 18 October 2016
Accepted: 13 January 2017
Published: 18 January 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0064-8
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
You can also search for this author in
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Correspondence to
Yvonne Kapila.
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Bartosz Maska, Guo-Hao Lin, Abdullah Othman, Shabnam Behdin, Suncica Travan, Erika Benavides & Yvonne Kapila
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, 1801 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Guo-Hao Lin
Department of Peri...
The authors thank Ms. Victoria Zakrzewski for her help with the figure generation and preparation.
Co-primary author BM contributed to the CBCT measurement and preparation of the manuscript. Co-primary author G-HL contributed to the data analysis and preparation of the manuscript. Second author AO contributed to the protocol preparation, case review, case selection, and preparation of the manuscr...
Romanos GE, Froum S, Costa-Martins S, Meitner S, Tarnow DP. Implant periapical lesions: etiology and treatment options. J Oral Implantol. 2011;37:53–63.
Acharya A, Hao J, Mattheos N, Chau A, Shirke P, Lang NP. Residual ridge dimensions at edentulous maxillary first molar sites and periodontal bone loss among two ethnic cohorts seeking tooth replacement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:1386–94...
Pazera P, Bornstein MM, Pazera A, Sendi P, Katsaros C. Incidental maxillary sinus findings in orthodontic patients: a radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011;14:17–24.
Ritter L, Lutz J, Neugebauer J, et al. Prevalence of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus in cone-beam computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol...
Gardner DG. Pseudocysts and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58:561–7.
Chiapasco M, Palombo D. Sinus grafting and simultaneous removal of large antral pseudocysts of the maxillary sinus with a micro-invasive intraoral access. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44:1499–505.
Cano J, Campo J, Alobera MA, Baca R. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla. Cl...
Beretta M, Poli PP, Grossi GB, Pieroni S, Maiorana C. Long-term survival rate of implants placed in conjunction with 246 sinus floor elevation procedures: results of a 15-year retrospective study. J Dent. 2015;43:78–86.
Del Fabbro M, Corbella S, Weinstein T, Ceresoli V, Taschieri S. Implant survival rates after osteotome-mediated maxillary sinus augmentation: a systematic review. Clin Implant D...
Cone-beam computed tomographic
Protected Health Information
Sinus floor elevation
Our study found that the largest tissue thickening was present in the middle section of the maxillary sinus. This tissue thickening did not vary based on gender, age, or smoking status, nor did it relate to the underlying alveolar ridge height. However, patients with a history of periodontal diseases demonstrated a significant association with mucosal thickening. A mucosal thickening index was pro...
Although residual alveolar ridge height has been associated with sinus mucosal thickening [36], our study did not find a significant association between these two parameters. Acharya et al. [36] reported that lower available bone height in the subsinus region was related to thickened sinus membranes within an Asian-Indian and Hong Kong-based Chinese population. Differences in the ethnic compositio...
Based on the findings of the current study, a history of periodontal disease is the only identified parameter significantly associated with sinus mucosal thickening. This finding indicates that clinicians should expect some degree of mucosal thickening when performing sinus augmentation procedures in a previously periodontally involved site. This finding is consistent with several previously publi...
CBCT imaging has been recognized as a more sensitive imaging modality for identifying sinus thickening and pathoses in the posterior maxilla compared to panoramic radiography [21, 22]. This could explain why the current study identified a higher prevalence of mucosal thickening compared to earlier studies [23]. However, compared to other similar CBCT studies [21, 24, 25], the prevalence reported i...
Twenty-nine CBCT images (11 females and 18 males) were included in this study. All the implants placed in these included cases survived, representing a 100% implant survival rate. With regards to measurements of mucosal thickening, the intra-examiner reproducibility revealed an exact intra-examiner correlation of 99%, with a p value of 0.40 for a t test for independent samples, indicating a high r...
The sites that were measured are specified in the image below (Fig. 1). The most posterior and anterior aspects of the visible maxillary sinus were measured. The ½ point along with the ¼ and ¾ points were then selected, and the measurements of the mucosal thickening were then completed at these three sites. The thickest portion of the mucosa was also measured if it did not coincide with one of...
The study required access to University of Michigan Protected Health Information (PHI). PHI was necessary in order to track and coordinate the CBCT data and dental and medical history for each subject. Corresponding subject charts and electronic records were reviewed for retrieval of relevant implant placement and restorative history, medical history, and demographic information, including gender ...
Our study hypothesis was that mucosal thickening of more than 2Â mm and up to 1/3 of the volume of the sinus would not alter the predictability for SFE and dental implant placement. The primary outcome was to determine the success rate of dental implant placement in augmented maxillary sinus areas with mucosal thickening. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the effect of gender, age, and smoking o...
Despite the high survival rate of dental implants inserted in maxillary sinuses that have undergone sinus floor elevation (SFE) with bone grafting, complications still occur [1–3]. Sinus membrane perforation is reported to be the most common complication [4, 5]. Postoperative maxillary sinusitis is less common (0–22%) [6, 7]; nevertheless, it could potentially compromise the outcome of SFE and...
Although mucosal thickening is the most common radiographic finding observed regarding sinus pathology, the knowledge regarding its clinical significance on the outcomes of dental implants and grafting in the maxillary sinuses is still limited. We hypothesized that mucosal thickening would not alter the predictability for sinus floor augmentation and dental implant placement. The purpose of this r...
Fig. 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating minimal thickening; C >2 mm but ≤5 mm, indicating moderate thickening; D >5 mm, indicating severe thickening
Fig. 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating min...
Fig. 1. Figure illustrating the reference points of the CBCT measurements. A: most posterior point of the sinus wall; B: most anterior point of the sinus wall; C: mid-point between A and B; C1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point C; D: mid-point between A and C; D1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point D; E: mid-point between B...
Â
Gender
Respiratory diseases
Cardio-vascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking
Hist...
Patient
Anterior
(E1-floor of the sinus)
Middle
(C1-floor of the sinus)
Posterior
(D1-floor of the sinus)
...
Maska, B., Lin, GH., Othman, A. et al. Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0064-8
Download citation
Received: 18 October 2016
Accepted: 13 January 2017
Published: 18 January 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0064-8
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
Correspondence to
Yvonne Kapila.
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Bartosz Maska, Guo-Hao Lin, Abdullah Othman, Shabnam Behdin, Suncica Travan, Erika Benavides & Yvonne Kapila
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, 1801 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Guo-Hao Lin
Department of Peri...
The authors thank Ms. Victoria Zakrzewski for her help with the figure generation and preparation.
Co-primary author BM contributed to the CBCT measurement and preparation of the manuscript. Co-primary author G-HL contributed to the data analysis and preparation of the manuscript. Second author AO contributed to the protocol preparation, case review, case selection, and preparation of the manuscr...
Romanos GE, Froum S, Costa-Martins S, Meitner S, Tarnow DP. Implant periapical lesions: etiology and treatment options. J Oral Implantol. 2011;37:53–63.
Acharya A, Hao J, Mattheos N, Chau A, Shirke P, Lang NP. Residual ridge dimensions at edentulous maxillary first molar sites and periodontal bone loss among two ethnic cohorts seeking tooth replacement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:1386–94...
Pazera P, Bornstein MM, Pazera A, Sendi P, Katsaros C. Incidental maxillary sinus findings in orthodontic patients: a radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011;14:17–24.
Ritter L, Lutz J, Neugebauer J, et al. Prevalence of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus in cone-beam computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol...
Gardner DG. Pseudocysts and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58:561–7.
Chiapasco M, Palombo D. Sinus grafting and simultaneous removal of large antral pseudocysts of the maxillary sinus with a micro-invasive intraoral access. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44:1499–505.
Cano J, Campo J, Alobera MA, Baca R. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla. Cl...
Beretta M, Poli PP, Grossi GB, Pieroni S, Maiorana C. Long-term survival rate of implants placed in conjunction with 246 sinus floor elevation procedures: results of a 15-year retrospective study. J Dent. 2015;43:78–86.
Del Fabbro M, Corbella S, Weinstein T, Ceresoli V, Taschieri S. Implant survival rates after osteotome-mediated maxillary sinus augmentation: a systematic review. Clin Implant D...
Cone-beam computed tomographic
Protected Health Information
Sinus floor elevation
Our study found that the largest tissue thickening was present in the middle section of the maxillary sinus. This tissue thickening did not vary based on gender, age, or smoking status, nor did it relate to the underlying alveolar ridge height. However, patients with a history of periodontal diseases demonstrated a significant association with mucosal thickening. A mucosal thickening index was pro...
Although residual alveolar ridge height has been associated with sinus mucosal thickening [36], our study did not find a significant association between these two parameters. Acharya et al. [36] reported that lower available bone height in the subsinus region was related to thickened sinus membranes within an Asian-Indian and Hong Kong-based Chinese population. Differences in the ethnic compositio...
Based on the findings of the current study, a history of periodontal disease is the only identified parameter significantly associated with sinus mucosal thickening. This finding indicates that clinicians should expect some degree of mucosal thickening when performing sinus augmentation procedures in a previously periodontally involved site. This finding is consistent with several previously publi...
CBCT imaging has been recognized as a more sensitive imaging modality for identifying sinus thickening and pathoses in the posterior maxilla compared to panoramic radiography [21, 22]. This could explain why the current study identified a higher prevalence of mucosal thickening compared to earlier studies [23]. However, compared to other similar CBCT studies [21, 24, 25], the prevalence reported i...
Twenty-nine CBCT images (11 females and 18 males) were included in this study. All the implants placed in these included cases survived, representing a 100% implant survival rate. With regards to measurements of mucosal thickening, the intra-examiner reproducibility revealed an exact intra-examiner correlation of 99%, with a p value of 0.40 for a t test for independent samples, indicating a high r...
The sites that were measured are specified in the image below (Fig. 1). The most posterior and anterior aspects of the visible maxillary sinus were measured. The ½ point along with the ¼ and ¾ points were then selected, and the measurements of the mucosal thickening were then completed at these three sites. The thickest portion of the mucosa was also measured if it did not coincide with one of...
The study required access to University of Michigan Protected Health Information (PHI). PHI was necessary in order to track and coordinate the CBCT data and dental and medical history for each subject. Corresponding subject charts and electronic records were reviewed for retrieval of relevant implant placement and restorative history, medical history, and demographic information, including gender ...
Our study hypothesis was that mucosal thickening of more than 2Â mm and up to 1/3 of the volume of the sinus would not alter the predictability for SFE and dental implant placement. The primary outcome was to determine the success rate of dental implant placement in augmented maxillary sinus areas with mucosal thickening. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the effect of gender, age, and smoking o...
Despite the high survival rate of dental implants inserted in maxillary sinuses that have undergone sinus floor elevation (SFE) with bone grafting, complications still occur [1–3]. Sinus membrane perforation is reported to be the most common complication [4, 5]. Postoperative maxillary sinusitis is less common (0–22%) [6, 7]; nevertheless, it could potentially compromise the outcome of SFE and...
Although mucosal thickening is the most common radiographic finding observed regarding sinus pathology, the knowledge regarding its clinical significance on the outcomes of dental implants and grafting in the maxillary sinuses is still limited. We hypothesized that mucosal thickening would not alter the predictability for sinus floor augmentation and dental implant placement. The purpose of this r...
Â
Figure 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating minimal thickening; C >2 mm but ≤5 mm, indicating moderate thickening; D >5 mm, indicating severe thickening
Table 2 Statistical results after inter-variable adjustment showing the association between recorded parameters and sinus mucosal thickening; p values that showed statistically significant differences are italicized
Â
Â
Â
Gender
Respiratory diseases
Cardio-vascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking
History of periodontal diseases
Endodontic treatment
History of orthodontic t...
Table 1 CBCT measurements of sinus mucosal thickening
Patient
Anterior(E1-floor of the sinus)
Middle(C1-floor of the sinus)
Posterior(D1-floor of the sinus)
Thickest(F-floor of the sinus)
1
3.06
0.32
0.76
4.59
2
0.34
0.21
0.20
0.34
3
0.39
0.54
1.38
1.66
4
4.15
3.79
0.61
6.36
5
5.64
1.33
3.73
8.42
6
7.34
0.77
0.86
7.66
7
1.9...
Â
Figure 1. Figure illustrating the reference points of the CBCT measurements. A: most posterior point of the sinus wall; B: most anterior point of the sinus wall; C: mid-point between A and B; C1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point C; D: mid-point between A and C; D1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point D...
Shahbazian M, Vandewoude C, Wyatt J, Jacobs R. Comparative assessment of panoramic radiography and CBCT imaging for radiodiagnostics in the posterior maxilla. Clin Oral Investig. 2014;18:293–300.
Logan GM, Brocklebank LM. An audit of occipitomental radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1999;28:158–61.
Pazera P, Bornstein MM, Pazera A, Sendi P, Katsaros C. Incidental maxillary sinus findings...
Shanbhag S, Karnik P, Shirke P, Shanbhag V. Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis of sinus membrane thickness, ostium patency, and residual ridge heights in the posterior maxilla: implications for sinus floor elevation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:755–60.
Gardner DG. Pseudocysts and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58:561–7.
Chiapasco M, Pa...
References
Beretta M, Poli PP, Grossi GB, Pieroni S, Maiorana C. Long-term survival rate of implants placed in conjunction with 246 sinus floor elevation procedures: results of a 15-year retrospective study. J Dent. 2015;43:78–86.
Del Fabbro M, Corbella S, Weinstein T, Ceresoli V, Taschieri S. Implant survival rates after osteotome-mediated maxillary sinus augmentation: a systematic revi...
This study presents new data on maxillary sinus mucosal thickening derived from a carefully defined data set; however, there were some limitations in the study. One limitation was the limited sample size. However, as discussed, our stringent case selection criteria yielded a more uniform data set for analyses. Other limitations were related to the actual measurements of the maxillary sinus. ...
Our study did not find a significant association between endodontically treated teeth and mucosal thickening. Though this finding is consistent with some previously published studies, other studies did report an association. These discrepant findings could be the result of different inclusion criteria in the study design. Since our study did not include any patients with radiographic signs o...
The current study demonstrated that sinus mucosal thickening does not correlate with implant survival. This result is consistent with a previously published report by Jungner et al. In their study, the presence of sinus thickening was not significantly associated with implant failure. Similarly, our study found a 100% implant survival rate for both patients with and without sinus mucosal thi...
Discussion
CBCT imaging has been recognized as a more sensitive imaging modality for identifying sinus thickening and pathoses in the posterior maxilla compared to panoramic radiography. This could explain why the current study identified a higher prevalence of mucosal thickening compared to earlier studies. However, compared to other similar CBCT studies, the prevalence reporte...
Results
Twenty-nine CBCT images (11 females and 18 males) were included in this study. All the implants placed in these included cases survived, representing a 100% implant survival rate. With regards to measurements of mucosal thickening, the intra-examiner reproducibility revealed an exact intra-examiner correlation of 99%, with a p value of 0.40 for a t test for independen...
In order to standardize the measurements for each sinus, each scan was carefully oriented in the axial, coronal, and sagittal plane. In the axial plane, a horizontal line from the right and left zygoma was chosen as the standard. Orienting the hard palate horizontally was the standard in the coronal plane as well as in the sagittal plane. The specific teeth that were to be replaced by implants wer...
Given these specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and the specific purpose of this study, only 29 cases qualified for inclusion from an original screen of approximately 4000 cases. An initial search of our database resulted in a larger number of cases that would theoretically qualify; however, further investigation revealed the need to exclude a great number of cases. The reasons for exclusion...
Methods
Study design
Our study hypothesis was that mucosal thickening of more than 2Â mm and up to 1/3 of the volume of the sinus would not alter the predictability for SFE and dental implant placement. The primary outcome was to determine the success rate of dental implant placement in augmented maxillary sinus areas with mucosal thickening. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the effect of g...
Background
Despite the high survival rate of dental implants inserted in maxillary sinuses that have undergone sinus floor elevation (SFE) with bone grafting, complications still occur. Sinus membrane perforation is reported to be the most common complication. Postoperative maxillary sinusitis is less common (0–22%); nevertheless, it could potentially compromise the outcome of...
Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
Abstract
Background
Although mucosal thickening is the most common radiographic finding observed regarding sinus pathology, the knowledge regarding its clinical significance on the outcomes of dental implants and grafting in the maxillary sinuses is still limited. We hypothesized th...