Fig. 6. Radiographic examination: The relationship between changes in the maxillary sinus floor associated with a reduction in the grafted bone and the implant tip (a immediately after surgery, b 5Â years after surgery)
Fig. 6. Radiographic examination: The relationship between changes in the maxillary sinus floor associated with a reduction in the grafted bone and the implant tip (a immediat...
Fig. 5. Radiographic examination (long-term changes in bone height surrounding the implant) n = 20 Number of implants. A total of 5 CBCT scans were taken prior to surgery, immediately after surgery, 6 months after surgery, 1–2 years after surgery, and 3–5 years after surgery
Fig. 5. Radiographic examination (long-term changes in bone height surrounding the implant) n = 20 Numbe...
Fig. 4. Clinical findings of the second surgery on biopsy at 6 months. The degree of residual grafting materials varied depending on the patient. a most of the β-TCP remained. b Replacement of the β-TCP by new bone had progressed
Fig. 4. Clinical findings of the second surgery on biopsy at 6Â months. The degree of residual grafting materials varied depending on the patient. a most of the Î...
Fig. 3. Radiographic examination of the height of the bone surrounding the implant (BH): Measurement of changes in the height of the implant tip to the bone fixation part over time in the frontal plane: the distance measured from the intersecting point of the long axis of the implant and the maxillary sinus floor to the implant tip: +maxillary side, −alveolar crest side. The liner valuables: r...
Fig. 2. Radiographic examination of the volume of the bone graft (BV): Calculation of area on the frontal plane prior to and immediately after surgery using polygon tool. The polygon tool is included in the CT device, which was dragged around the perimeter of the target site to measure area. Graft volume calculation method (sum of the area and calculation of volume). Volume cm3 = area cm2 ...
Fig. 1. Treatment protocol for the present study. Postoperative CBCT was performed a minimum of three times, i.e., immediately, 6Â months, and 2.5Â years after implant placement
Fig. 1. Treatment protocol for the present study. Postoperative CBCT was performed a minimum of three times, i.e., immediately, 6Â months, and 2.5Â years after implant placement
Â
Coefficient
Standard error
95Â % CI
P value
Time (months)
−0.087
...
Parameter
Mean (mm)
SD (mm)
RBH
4.48
1.51
...
NoneTable 6 Radiographic examination of BH (changes in bone height surrounding the implant)
BV
Mean
Reduction rate
Immediately after surgery (n = 30)
1206 Â...
CBCT examination (year)
Number of patients
0–1
0
1–2
14
...
Implant site
Number of implants
4
6
5
16
6
24
7
12
Total: 58 implants
Â
Table 3 The number of implants according to site
Observation period (months)
Number of patients
12–18
11
19–24
4
...
Age group (years)
Number of patients
40–49
7
50–59
10
...
Okada, T., Kanai, T., Tachikawa, N. et al. Long-term radiographic assessment of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using beta-tricalcium phosphate: analysis by cone-beam computed tomography.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 8 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0042-6
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Received: 25 November 2015
Accepted: 23 March 2016
Published: 01 April 2016
DOI: https://do...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Tsuneji Okada, Toru Kanai, Noriko Tachikawa, Motohiro Munakata, and Shohei Kasugai declare that they have no competing interests.
TO performed the data acquisition, both of surgical and prosthodontic treatments, the data analysis, statistical analysis, and wrote the manuscript. TK performed the treatment plan, making of pictures, and collecting of references. NT and MM performed the data acquisit...
Clinic for Implant Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
Tsuneji Okada, Toru Kanai & Noriko Tachikawa
Oral Implantology Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry for Function of TMJ and Occlusion, Kanagawa Dental University, 82, Inaokachou, Yokosuka-shi, 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
Motohiro Munakata
Oral Implantology and...
The bone grafting agent, β-TCP (OSferion), was kindly supplied by Olympus Terumo Biomaterials Corp.
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Jensen OT, Shulman LB, Block MS, et al. Report of the sinus consensus conference of 1996. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:11–45.
Artzi Z, Weinreb M, Givol N, et al. Biomaterial resorption rate and healing site morphology of inorganic bovine bone and β-tri...
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Misch CE. Maxillary sinus lift and elevation with subantral augmentation. In: Misch CE, editor. Contemporary implant dentistry. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1993. p. 545–74.
Sharan A, Madjar D. Maxillary sinus pne...
Maxillary sinus graft augmentation using β-TCP is clinically effective.
Analysis by CBCT provides superior spatial resolution and allows for extremely accurate postoperative evaluation of maxillary sinus floor augmentation and bone volume measurements.
On the basis of CBCT examinations, although maxillary sinus pneumatization continues to progress ≥1 year after surgery, it stabilizes 3 year...
During the observation period, there was no clinical implant failure and the suvival rate for implantation and maxillary sinus floor augmentation was 100 %. Histological examination in a previous report on maxillary sinus augmentation using β-TCP (Cerasorb®), Szabo et al. compared bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation in the same patients using β-TCP and iliac bone at 6 months after surgery ...
As grafting materials for maxillary sinus floor augmentation, autogenous bone, which is considered as the gold standard and reported first by Boyne et al. using iliac bone graft, has been used as the first-choice material. In terms of osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties, autogenous bone is considered ideal; however, the use of autogenous bone places great physical stress on ...
Change in height of bone surrounding the implant (height from the maxillary sinus floor to the implant tip): Immediately after surgery, all patients had grafted bone between the implant tip and the maxillary sinus floor, with a mean of 2.00 ± 1.51 mm. This height decreased to 0.73 ± 1.33 mm at 6 months after surgery and −0.72 ± 1.11 mm at 2.5 years after surgery (Fig. 5). 41...
The mean age of the 30 patients was 57.4 (40–75) years, and the male/female ratio was 4:26. The mean postoperative observation period was 3 years and 8 months (the maximum period was 5 years and 0 months; the minimum period was 2 years and 2 months). Total of 58 implants were placed at premolar and molar region. There were no dropouts, such as participants not visiting the clinic, during t...
Residual bone height (RBH): existing bone height to the maxillary sinus at the implant site
Implant length (IL): the length of the part of the implant that projects into the maxillary sinus
Width of sinus (SW): the width of the maxillary sinus from lateral wall to medial wall at the height of the center of the IL
In the present study, the radiographic examinations were statistically analyzed fo...
In the present study, we used the superior spatial resolution of CBCT to measure changes over time in (a) the volume of the bone graft (BV) and (b) the height of the bone surrounding the implant (BH).
The method of calculating the volume of the implant site is shown below (Fig. 2).
The slice thickness (voxel value) was resized (0.146 mm → 1 mm) to derive the volume of the grafting agent...
This study is a prospective observational study. The subjects included patients who had undergone maxillary sinus floor augmentation using β-TCP and implant placement at the Clinic for Implant Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University during the 3-year period from January 2009 to December 2011. All patients underwent maxillary sinus floor augmentation at the same time as imp...
Radiographic examinations to determine changes in bone mass in maxillary sinus floor augmentation have been conducted primarily using panoramic radiography [8–12], which allows for the assessment of the height of the maxillary sinus in only two dimensions. In addition, it does not allow for detailed examination or measurement of the interior of the maxillary sinus without factoring in magnificat...
The maxillary sinus gradually expands after birth and becomes fully pneumatized with the eruption of all permanent teeth. Although the physiological cause and maxillary sinus pneumatization are largely unknown, it is believed that genetics, atmospheric pressure, and hormones are involved in it. This sinus is closely related to the root apex of the premolar and molar teeth, and it is either separat...
The long-term stability of maxillary sinus floor augmentation with β-TCP remains largely unknown. We report the long-term assessment of volumetric changes in maxillary sinus floor augmentation with β-TCP by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
The subjects included 30 patients who underwent maxillary sinus floor augmentation using β-TCP and 58 implant placement for unilateral maxillary defect...