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Primary stability following implant placement is an essential condition for osseointegration.

Background : Effect of implant design on primary stability

author: Yoko Yamaguchi,Makoto Shiota,Motohiro Munakata,Shohei Kasugai, Masahiko Ozeki | publisher: drg. Andreas Tjandra, Sp. Perio, FISID

Background

Primary stability following implant placement is an essential condition for osseointegration. The primary stability is affected by the implant design, including surface-modifying or implant cavity-forming techniques, as well as by the bone quantity and bone density of the patient. In recent years, the interest of implant manufacturers and clinicians has shifted to the acquisition of good fixation, especially for incurable cases in which the density of cancellous bone, such as the maxilla molar part, is low and the cortical bone is thin, for which the effects of surface-modifying techniques are low and focus has been changing to the design of the entire implant. Among implant designs, it has been described that good primary stability can be achieved for long and thick implants with a small pitch and a taper, but the cited reports only evaluated primary stability for the entire implant. An implant has characteristic shapes such as parallel, tapered, and platform areas, and the overall design is constructed by placing these areas together. However, there have been no reports of studies that quantitatively measured and evaluated individual designs involved in primary stability. It has been reported that quantitative techniques are necessary to enable the criteria for successful endosseous implants to be more clearly defined. Periotest, resonant vibration frequency analysis, implant torque value, and removal torque value are used as quantitative primary stability evaluations. However, in the periotest and resonant vibration frequency analysis, only general numerical values can be obtained from an implant and it is impossible to perform analyses for individual designs. Furthermore, regarding the implant torque value and removal torque value, analyses for individual designs are impossible as long as only the maximum torque value is used in the conventional methods. Therefore, in this study, for the purpose of measuring the effects of individual implant designs quantitatively, simulation experiments with artificial bone were performed.

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