Discussion : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [1]
This 3-month study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of an electric toothbrush in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation around dental implants and natural teeth. To better understand the different data collected around two different anatomical structures, we decided to collect data separately. Analyzing our results, it is possible to observe how the mean values for probing, bleeding, and plaque index were bigger for dental implants. According to literature, it was expected to find deeper probing for dental implants [20]. Many authors associated this to the different kind of attachment and the different orientation of periodontal fiber around dental implants [21,22,23]. The electric toothbrush has widely been described as a preventive option in the maintenance of peri-implant tissues [24,25,26,27,28]. However, many authors did not observe any differences between the manual and electric toothbrush, and for this reason, the topic is still controversial [17, 19]. In the present study, the manual toothbrush seemed to maintain the values achieved with the professional prophylaxes; however, a mild increase of both PI and BoP was detected after 3 months. The choice to perform prophylaxis on all patients after baseline index recording was done in order to bring the patients at the same level and reduce the variability of the study according to several authors [29, 30]. As a direct consequence, all the values recorded in both groups resulted to be extremely decreased at the second time point, after 1 month. However, the data collection at the third time point 3 months after the baseline made possible to analyze the new plaque formation trend in both groups and verify the different devices’ efficacy on both teeth and implant. The evolution observed over time can be related also to the presence of peri-implant and periodontal pockets. Despite that the average values of PPD were lower than 3 mm, patients presenting deeper pockets were included, which might represent a limit of the study. The prophylaxis performed at the beginning of the study, in fact, could not remove adequately the plaque present in the deepest area of these pockets. This prevented the achievement of a “level 0” of PI and BoP and, at the same time, promoted a faster re-colonization. During this time, patients also improved their skills with the electric toothbrush, which have also might influence their motivation. These factors could explain the reduction of PI observed in the second part of the study on the electric toothbrush groups and, sequentially, of the BoP as inflammatory index caused by the presence of plaque itself. The efficacy of the electric toothbrush can be related to the easiness of use and the complexity of artificial movement (rotating-oscillatory), which has been demonstrated to be more effective in plaque removal with respect to the manual toothbrush as reported by many authors [14, 25, 27]. Many authors observed a 0.3-mm reduction of probing depth after at least 12-month observation period in the patients using the electric toothbrush [26, 28]. Despite in the present study it was observed only 0.15 mm of mean probing reduction for dental implants, our observation was limited only to a 3-month period. This trend could be comparable to a 0.3-mm reduction in 12 months, as observed in the previous studies. However, a similar trend was also detected in the control group so the electric toothbrush cannot be directly related to the PPD reduction.
Serial posts:
- Abstract : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data
- Introduction : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [1]
- Introduction : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [2]
- Material and methods : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [1]
- Material and methods : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [2]
- Material and methods : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [3]
- Material and methods : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [4]
- Results : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [1]
- Results : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [2]
- Discussion : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [1]
- Discussion : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [2]
- Discussion : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [3]
- Discussion : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [4]
- Conclusions : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data
- References : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [1]
- References : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [2]
- References : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [3]
- References : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [4]
- References : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data [5]
- Acknowledgements : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data
- Author information : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data
- Ethics declarations : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data
- Rights and permissions : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data
- About this article : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant with high primary stability in patients with local and systemic risk factors—7-year data
- Table 1 Distribution of patients with local and systemic risk factors (Of: Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant)
- Table 2 Clinical parameters and reason for implant failures of 15 implants in 12 patients (Of: Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant)
- Fig. 1. On Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, the cumulative survival rate was 91.5% : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant
- Fig. 2. The cumulative survival rates for the different RF groups revealing a significant difference for patients without any and patients with local and systemic RFs (log rank, p = 0.006) : Retrospective cohort study of a tapered implant
- Abstract : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial
- Background : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial
- Methods : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [1]
- Methods : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [2]
- Results : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [1]
- Results : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [2]
- Discussion : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [1]
- Discussion : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [2]
- Conclusion : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial
- Abbreviations : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial
- References : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [1]
- References : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [2]
- References : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [3]
- References : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial [4]
- Acknowledgements : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial
- Author information : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial
- Ethics declarations : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial
- Rights and permissions : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial
- About this article : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial
- Table 1 BoP, PI, and PPD mean values at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months (Of: Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implant)
- Fig. 1. Electric toothbrush heads: on the left is the one designed for natural teeth, and on the right is the one designed for dental implants : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implant
- Fig. 2. Patients’ population flow chart : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implant
- Fig. 3. PI on dental implants. Test values keep reducing after 1 month while control maintains the same level : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implant
- Fig. 4. PI on natural teeth. After 1 month, the test group showed mild reduction while control a light improvement : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implant
- Fig. 5. BoP on dental implants. It can be observed how the values keep decreasing after 1 month only in the test group : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implant
- Fig. 6. BoP on natural teeth. While the control group shows a mild increase between 1 month and 3 months, the test group values decrease during all the duration of the study : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implant
- Fig. 7. PPD on dental implants. No significant differences appreciable : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implant
- Fig. 8. PPD on natural teeth. No significant differences appreciable : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implant