Fig. 6. Bone to implant contact (BIC) values (%) for commercial and modified implants in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 15 and 30Â days of implantation. Vertical lines represent standard deviations
Fig. 6. Bone to implant contact (BIC) values (%) for commercial and modified implants in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 15 and 30Â days of implantation. Vertical lines represent standard deviat...
Fig. 5. Bone mineral density (BMD) values in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 30Â days of implantation of both commercial and modified implants. Vertical lines represent standard deviations
Fig. 5. Bone mineral density (BMD) values in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 30Â days of implantation of both commercial and modified implants. Vertical lines represent standard deviations
Fig. 4. SEM image of the nanoroughness of the oxidized surfaces on control Ti6Al4V dental implants after 700 °C for 1 h
Fig. 4. SEM image of the nanoroughness of the oxidized surfaces on control Ti6Al4V dental implants after 700 °C for 1 h
Fig. 3. SEM image of the surface of control commercial Ti6Al4V dental implants
Fig. 3. SEM image of the surface of control commercial Ti6Al4V dental implants
Animal group
15d
Commercial
Modified
Without GH
With GH
...
Animal group
BMD (g cm−2) tibiae
BMD (g cm−2) vertebral column
Control
0.323 ± 0.014
0.285 ±â...
Element
Atomic, %
Al
11.00
P
0.54
Ca
...
Bodelón, O.G., Clemente, C., Alobera, M.A. et al. Osseointegration of TI6Al4V dental implants modified by thermal oxidation in osteoporotic rabbits.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 18 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0051-5
Download citation
Received: 02 April 2016
Accepted: 07 July 2016
Published: 21 July 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0051-5
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
Oscar G. Bodelón
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Celia Clemente & Soledad Aguado-Henche
Stomatology Department IV, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
Miguel Ang...
Raschke MJ, Bail H, Windhagen HJ, et al. Recombinant growth hormone accelerates bone regenerate consolidation in distraction osteogenesis. Bone. 1999;24:81–8.
Schmidmaier G, Wildemann B, Bail H, et al. Local application of growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β1) from a biodegradable poly(D, L-lactide) coating of osteosynthetic implants accelerates fractu...
Chappard D, Baslé MF, Legrand E, et al. New laboratory tools in the assessment of bone quality. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:2225–40.
Barranco V, Escudero ML, Garcia-Alonso MC. 3D, chemical and electrochemical characterization of blasted Ti6Al4V surfaces: Its influence on the corrosion behavior. Electrochim Acta. 2007;52:4374–84.
Diniz MG, Soares GA, Coelho MJ, et al. Surface topography modulate...
Lynch S, Buser D, Hernández RA, et al. Effects of the platelet derived growth factor insulin-like growth factor-I combination on bone regeneration around titanium dental implants. Results of a pilot study in beagle dogs. J Periodontol. 1991;62:710–6.
Calvo-Guirado JL, Mate-Sanchez J, Delgado-Ruiz R, et al. Effects of growth hormone on initial bone formation around dental implants: a dog study....
Lomholt TC, Pantleon K, Somers MAJ. In-vivo degradation mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V hip joints. Mater Sci Eng C. 2011;31:120–7.
Wisbey A, Gregson PJ, Peter LM, et al. Effect of surface treatment on the dissolution of titanium-based implant materials. Biomaterials. 1991;12:470–3.
Chen G, Wen X, Zhang N. Corrosion resistance and ion dissolution of titanium with different surface microroughness. Bio...
In summary, oxidation treatments of Ti6Al4V dental implants stimulate a better bone response at longer implantation times. The local application of GH on the implantation site showed no significant effect in the osseointegration process (from BMD and BIC measurements) of thermal and commercial Ti6Al4V dental implants during the first month of implantation.
During the first period of 15Â days, the rabbit biokinetics is appropriate to initiate a formation of young bone, which can be confirmed or not, at 30Â days. In this animal model, the bone formation can be initiated before 15Â days, as has been seen in other studies, but it is very spars. Moreover, the first days guide us towards an evolution of the bone response that is confirmed at 15Â days. It ...
In addition, the morphology of the hard rutile scale grown on the implant surface increases nanoroughness (Fig. 4). Studies carried out by Webster et al. [29] have pointed out the importance of the surface roughness at the nanometre range in the connectivity to bone. It has been discussed that the increase of micro- and submicro-scale surface roughness, with feature sizes comparable to those of r...
A good preparation of the implant surface in order to accommodate bone topographical features contributes to accelerate the assembly between the new bone formed and the metallic implant. Research has been consequently focused on the surface modifications of implants aimed to simulate the size of the proteins or cell membrane receptors. In vitro results about the influence of different micro-nanosc...
Table 2 shows the estimated mean values and standard deviations for the BMD in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits. The comparison of mean values established significant differences between control and OVX groups (p = 0.006). The BMD results show that the ovariectomy and hypocalcic diet described in (20) resulted being proper methods to have osteoporotic rabbits before the insert...
Figure 3 shows images at different magnifications by SEM of the typical threaded topography of the Ti6Al4V screws and the characteristic surface with cavities and holes heterogeneously dispersed due to the impingement of the particles used in the blasting process. The chemical analysis performed by EDX of a representative area (Table 1) shows the characteristics peaks of Ti, Al and V, together w...
Bone-implant interface sections were examined under the optical microscope (Zeiss, Oberkpchen, Germany) using histological laboratory stains such as toluidine blue with Weigert haematoxylin (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) that allows the differentiation between osteoblasts and osteoclasts [24].
The images were processed and cross-sections were compared by means of the MIP-4 image analyser software (...
The experimental design carried out with the experimental animals is summarized in Fig. 1. Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: control (healthy rabbits) and OVX (osteoporotic rabbits). Both of them were subjected to surgery to insert commercial (no thermally treated Ti6Al4V) and modified (thermally treated Ti6Al4V) implants. The half of the healthy and osteoporotic rabbits was treated ...
Threaded commercial titanium alloy implants (3.3 mm diameter and 8 mm length) from Zimmer® were used as control implants. They consisted of Ti6Al4V screws blasted with hydroxyapatite and subsequent acid attack with HCl. Screws with these prior surface treatments were submitted to a thermal treatment. The oxidation treatment was performed at 700 °C for 1 h, in air. After oxidation, samples we...
The aim of this study is to study the influence of the thermal treatment of Ti6Al4V dental implants and topical administration of growth hormone on the osseointegration process of osteoporotic rabbits during the first month of implantation.
The metallic biomaterials used in the substitution of hard tissues are subjected to the action of the physiological environment and mechanical efforts like fatigue, wear or friction that alter the operation success of implants and affect drastically the electrochemical properties of the surface. That is the case of Ti and its alloys, in which in vivo conditions alter the stability of the passive l...
In this work, the effect of the heat treatment on Ti6Al4V implants and topical administration of growth hormone to address a better osseointegration in osteoporotic patients has been analysed.
The osseointegration process of Ti6Al4V implants modified by oxidation treatment at 700 °C for 1 h and the influence of local administration of growth hormone (GH) in osteoporotic female rabbits after 15 ...
Table 3 Means (grammes per square centimetre) and standard deviations of the bone mineral density (BMD) of above and below implant areas in tibiae with and without the local application of growth hormone (GH) in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits
Â
Animal group
15d
Commercial
Modified
Without GH
With GH
Without GH
With GH
Control
Above
0.356 ± ...
Table 2 Mean (grammes per square centimetre) and standard deviations of the bone mineral density (BMD) of tibiae and vertebral column in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits
Â
Animal group
BMD (g cm−2) tibiae
BMD (g cm−2) vertebral column
Control
0.323 ± 0.014
0.285 ± 0.007
OVX
0.301 ± 0.016
0.271 ± 0.009
Table 1 Chemical analysis by EDAX of the surface of Ti6Al4V commercial implants
Â
Element
Atomic, %
Al
11.00
P
0.54
Ca
0.38
Ti
84.71
V
3.37
Â
Figure 6. Bone to implant contact (BIC) values (%) for commercial and modified implants in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 15 and 30 days of implantation. Vertical lines represent standard deviations
Â
Figure 4. SEM image of the nanoroughness of the oxidized surfaces on control Ti6Al4V dental implants after 700 °C for 1 h
Figure 3. SEM image of the surface of control commercial Ti6Al4V dental implants
Figure 2. Transcortical osteotomy with Ti6Al4V implant inserted in the tibia bone
Â
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the classification of experimental animals in groups
References
Lomholt TC, Pantleon K, Somers MAJ. In-vivo degradation mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V hip joints. Mater Sci Eng C. 2011;31:120–7.
Wisbey A, Gregson PJ, Peter LM, et al. Effect of surface treatment on the dissolution of titanium-based implant materials. Biomaterials. 1991;12:470–3.
Chen G, Wen X, Zhang N. Corrosion resistance and ion dissolution of titanium with different surface m...
These results are in agreement with the authors’ previous data and other authors. For example, Calvo-Guirado et al. found topical application of 4 IU of GH like biomimetic agent at the moment of implant placement has no significant effects on the BIC at 5 and 8 weeks, although bone formation and inter-thread bone values did increase significantly. However, controversial about the efficienc...
The chemical composition of the oxidized surface after heat treatment at 700 °C for 1 h, verified by XRD, is rutile, which is formed on the free-particle areas of the Ti6Al4V surface. Rutile scale has been proved to enhance the osteoblast response, improve the resistance to pitting corrosion and decrease the ion release of the Ti6Al4V.
In addition, the morphology of the hard rutile scale g...
Discussion
A good preparation of the implant surface in order to accommodate bone topographical features contributes to accelerate the assembly between the new bone formed and the metallic implant. Research has been consequently focused on the surface modifications of implants aimed to simulate the size of the proteins or cell membrane receptors. In vitro results about the influence of diff...
Table 2 shows the estimated mean values and standard deviations for the BMD in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits. The comparison of mean values established significant differences between control and OVX groups (p = 0.006). The BMD results show that the ovariectomy and hypocalcic diet described in (20) resulted being proper methods to have osteoporotic rabbits be...
Table 2 shows the estimated mean values and standard deviations for the BMD in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits. The comparison of mean values established significant differences between control and OVX groups (p = 0.006). The BMD results show that the ovariectomy and hypocalcic diet described in (20) resulted being proper methods to have osteoporotic rabbits before the inserti...
Results
Figure 3 shows images at different magnifications by SEM of the typical threaded topography of the Ti6Al4V screws and the characteristic surface with cavities and holes heterogeneously dispersed due to the impingement of the particles used in the blasting process. The chemical analysis performed by EDX of a representative area (Table 1) shows the characteristics peaks of Ti, Al and V, t...
The injury was sutured with absorbable material after the implantation. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents were delivered in the postoperative period to prevent infection and pain. Rabbits were sacrificed after 15 and 30 days of implantation by intravenous injection of 0.4 mg sodium pentobarbital (Dolethal®, Vetoquinol, Cedex, Francia) diluted in serum (Fig. 1).
Tibiae were cleaned from so...
The quantitative results were processed with the statistical package Statgraphics plus 5.1. The significance of the differences between the groups was studied according to Student’s t test and the one-way ANOVA test (analysis of variance). p value was 0.05.
Eight weeks post-surgery, rabbits were subjected to a densitometry to the vertebral column and tibia bone to verify the establishment o...
The injury was sutured with absorbable material after the implantation. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents were delivered in the postoperative period to prevent infection and pain. Rabbits were sacrificed after 15 and 30 days of implantation by intravenous injection of 0.4 mg sodium pentobarbital (Dolethal®, Vetoquinol, Cedex, Francia) diluted in serum (Fig. 1).
Tibiae were cleaned from so...
Eight weeks post-surgery, rabbits were subjected to a densitometry to the vertebral column and tibia bone to verify the establishment of osteoporosis model. For the densitometric analysis, a Norland XR-26 densitometer was used (Norland Co., Fort Atkinson, WI, USA) calibrated prior to the measurement. The exploration parameters were as follows: speed 40 mm s−1, resolution 1.0 × 1.0 mm, and ...
Methods
Implant preparation and characterization
Threaded commercial titanium alloy implants (3.3 mm diameter and 8 mm length) from Zimmer® were used as control implants. They consisted of Ti6Al4V screws blasted with hydroxyapatite and subsequent acid attack with HCl. Screws with these prior surface treatments were submitted to a thermal treatment. The oxidation treatment was performed at 7...
Background
The metallic biomaterials used in the substitution of hard tissues are subjected to the action of the physiological environment and mechanical efforts like fatigue, wear or friction that alter the operation success of implants and affect drastically the electrochemical properties of the surface. That is the case of Ti and its alloys, in which in vivo conditions alter the stability of...
Osseointegration of TI6Al4V dental implants modified by thermal oxidation in osteoporotic rabbits
Â
Abstract
Background
In this work, the effect of the heat treatment on Ti6Al4V implants and topical administration of growth hormone to address a better osseointegration in osteoporotic patients has been analysed.
Methods
The osseointegration process of Ti6Al4V implants modified by oxidation...